The APEC list of Environmental Goods: An analysis of content and precision level

Rapport 2014/8

Rasmus Reinvang

The APEC list of Environmental Goods: An analysis of content and precision level

Kategori	Rapporter
Underkategori(er)	Utviklingssamarbeid
År	2014
Rapportnummer	8
Forfatter(e)	Rasmus Reinvang
Last ned	file_download (4 MB)
Les i nettleser	find_in_page

!REPORT&!!!!!!!!!2014/08!!Rasmus!Reinvang!The APEC list of Environmental Goods: An analysis of content and precision level!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 1! !Document&Details&&Vista!Analysis!AS!Report!number!2014/08!Title!!The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!content!and!precision!level.!ISBN!978L82L8126L149L5!Author!Rasmus!Reinvang!Finished!date!February!18,!2014!!!Project!Manager!Haakon!Vennemo!Quality!Control!Christian!Grorud!Client!Norwegian!Ministry!of!Foreign!Affairs!Access!Public!Published!!www.vistaLanalyse.no!!!Key!words!Environment,!trade,!APEC,!WTO!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 2 !!Preface&!The! Norwegian! Ministry! of! Foreign! Affairs! commissioned! this! study! on! the! environmental!properties! of! the! soLcalled! ‘APEC! list! of! environmental! goods’.! Kaja! B.! Edrén!has! been! our!contact!at!the!Ministry.!We!thank!her!for!valuable!advice!during!the!execution!of!the!study.!We! would! also! like! to! thank! the! following! institutions! and! persons! for! sharing! information!and! providing! their! views! on!different! aspects! of! the! issue!during! the! process! of! writing! the!report:!APEC!secretariat,!OECD!(Dale!Andrew,!Grant!Ferrier,!Jehan!Sauvage,!Ron!Steenblick),!ICTSD!(Mahesh!Sugathan,!Ingrid!Jegou),!Norwegian!Customs,!and!the!Norwegian!Ministry!of!Climate! and! Environment!(Solveig! Crompton,! Kirsten! Jacobsen).! The! responsibility! for! the!final!product!rests!with!Vista!Analysis.!!18!February!2014!Haakon!Vennemo!Project!Manager!Vista!Analysis!AS!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 3! !Content&!Preface!.....................................................................................................................................................................!2!Executive!summary!............................................................................................................................................!3!1!Introduction!...................................................................................................................................................!8!1.1!Background!...........................................................................................................................................!8!1.2!The!purpose!of!this!assignment!...................................................................................................!9!1.3!Understanding!the!APEC!list!..........................................................................................................!9!1.4!A!stepFwise!approach!.....................................................................................................................!12!2!Findings:!Overall!assessment!of!the!APEC!list!.............................................................................!13!2.1!A!negotiated!list!................................................................................................................................!13!2.2!A!list!which!is!not!entirely!consistent!.....................................................................................!13!2.3!The!content!and!the!precision!level!.........................................................................................!14!2.3.1!The(Machinery(Chapter(codes(................................................................................................(14!2.3.2!The(Electrical(Machinery(Chapter(codes(...........................................................................(15!2.3.3!The(Instrument(Chapter(codes(...............................................................................................(16!2.3.4!The(Wood(&(Wood(Articles(Chapter(code(.........................................................................(16!2.4!A!few!observations!..........................................................................................................................!17!3!Sources!..........................................................................................................................................................!19!Annex!1:!Overview!of!the!APEC!codes!at!fourFdigit!level!...............................................................!21!Annex!2:!The!content!of!the!54!APEC!list!codes!(sixFdigit!level)!................................................!23!!!&!&

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 4 !!Executive)summary&This!report!is!an!assessment!of!the!content!and!precision!level!of!the!APEC!list!of!trade!codes!for!environmental!goods.!The!54!codes!on!the!APEC!list!cover!54!product!groups!and!most!(46)!of!these!product!groups!mainly!contain!products!that!are!not!used!primarily!for!environmental!purposes.!The!APEC!list!contains!product!specifications!(‘exBouts’)!aiming!to!identify!specific!environmental!goods!within!the!product!groups.!In!most!cases!(42),!exBouts!are!not!used!sufficiently!precisely!to!ensure!that!only!environmental!goods!are!targeted.!!!At! the! 20th!APEC! meeting! in! Vladivostok,! Russia,! September! 2012,! representatives! of! the!APEC! countries! agreed! to! endorse! a! list! of!54!sixLdigit! trade! codes! for!environmental!goods!(EGs),!for! which! they! will! reduce! applied! tariff! rates! to! 5%! or! less! by! the! end! of! 2015,! while!taking! into! account! the! individual! countries’! economic! circumstances! and! without! prejudice!to!APEC!countries’!positions!in!the!World!Trade!Organization.!Each!sixLdigit!trade!code!refers!to!a!product!group!that!shares!certain!technical!characteristics.!!The! purpose! of! this! assignment! is! to! determine! the! extent! to! which! the! 54!trade! codes! on!the!APEC!list!refer! to!environmental! goods;! what! types! of!environmental! goods! are! to! be!found! under! each! code!and! what! types! of! nonLenvironmental! goods! are!possibly! also!to! be!found! there?! Such! a! survey! makes! it! possible! to! assess! the! quality! of! the! APEC! list! as! a!starting! point! for! future!work! to! liberalize! trade! in!environmental! goods.! In! this! report! we!have!not!assessed!the!potential!effect!of!the!APEC!list!on!trade,!i.e.!the!extent!to!which!APEC!countries!have!tariff!rates!of!more!than!5%!for!the!products!referred!to!and!the!implications!of!the!initiative!for!trade!in!such!goods.!We! have! not! attempted! to! define!environmental! goods!in! this! study,!but! have! taken! a!pragmatic! approach.! We! consider!environmental! goods! to! be! products! that! are! designed! to!improve! the! environment! or! products! that! are! mainly! used! in! a! manner! that! contributes! to!improving!the! environment.! Examples! of! such!environmental! goods! are!products!mainly!used!for! renewable! energy! generation,! for! waste! management,! for! wastewater! treatment,!for! pollution! monitoring! and/or! control,! and! for! smart! grids! or! other! energy! efficiency!technology.!!The!54!APEC!list!codes! cover! a! wide! variety! of! products! that! usually!and! generally! are! not!used! for! specific! environmental! purposes,! but! which! in! some! forms! or! in! some! cases! are!used! for! environmental! purposes! such! as! renewable! energy! generation,! wasteL!and!wastewater!management,!pollution!monitoring!and!control,!and!energy!efficiency:!!L Machinery! products:! Steam/vapour! boilers,! auxiliary! plants! for! boilers,! gas! turbines,!industrial!or!laboratory!furnaces!and!ovens,!evaporators,!machinery!for!liquefying!air!or! gas,! filtering! or! purifying! machinery! for! liquids,! centrifuges! and!crushing! or! drying!machines,!nonBelectric!instantaneous!or!storage!water!heaters.!!L Electric! Machinery! products:!AC! generators! (alternators),! electric! transformers,! static!convertors,! inductors,! electric! generating! sets! driven! by! renewable! energy! sources,!electrical!ovens!and!incinerators!and!photosensitive!conductor!devices.!!!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 5! !L Instruments:! Optical! devices,! certain! surveying! instruments! and! appliances,! certain!instruments! for! measuring! variables! of! liquids! or! gases,! or! measuring! or! checking!pressure,! gas! or! smoke! analysis! apparatus,! chromatographs,! electrophoresis!instruments,! spectrometers,! certain! instruments! and! apparatus! using! optical!radiation,!microtomes!and!“other”!automatic!regulating!or!controlling!equipment.!!L Wood!Products:!MultiBlayered!assembled!flooring!panels!not!of!mosaic!type.!!!!!!!!!Generally! speaking,! the!APEC!list! mainly! (60%)! covers! peripheral! product! categories! such! as!“other! types! of! products! in! this! category”! and! “parts”,! and!only!to! a! limited! extent! targets!main!categories!of!environmental!goods.!Products!related!for!instance!to!renewable!energy!generation!from!hydro!or!wind!energy!sources!are!largely!absent!from!the!list!(but!the!more!polluting!gas!turbines!are!included).!Pollution!monitoring!and!control,!wastewater!and!waste!management,! and! various! forms! of! energy! efficiency!are!frequently! referred! to,! but! it! is!unclear!to!what!extent!the!list!covers!the!most!important!codes!related!to!such!fields.!!The!APEC!list!contains!54!HS!Codes!and!we!have!found!that!the!product!universe!covered!by!these!codes!mainly!consists!of!products!that!are!not!environmental!goods:!!L 46! of! the! 54! HS! Codes! on! the! APEC! list! mainly! cover! products! that! are! not! used!primarily!for!environmental!purposes.!L 5! of! the! codes! on! the! list! cover! both!environmental! goods! and!nonBenvironmental!goods!in!fair!amounts.!L 2!of!the!codes!cover!mainly!environmental!goods.!L 1!code!refers!exclusively!to!environmental!goods.!!The! APEC! list! contains! at! least! 9! codes! including!products! that! may! be! considered!environmentally!controversial;!products!used!in!the!mining!industry,!the!petroleum!industry,!in!the!nuclear!industry!and!in!the!automobile!industry.!!!In! order! for! the! APEC! list! to! encourage! liberalisation! of! trade! in!environmental! goods! in! a!targeted!manner,!it!is!important!to!employ!and!commit!to!exLouts!(specification!of!products!within!the!broader!sixLdigit!code).!The!APEC!list!is!in!general!does!not!use!exLouts!sufficiently!precisely!to!ensure!that!environmental!goods!are!specifically!targeted:!!!L For!42!of!the!codes!on!the!APEC!list,!the!exBouts!are!not!sufficiently!precise!to!ensure!that!liberalization!only!will!pertain!to!environmental!goods.!L For!12!of!the!codes!on!the!APEC!list,!the!exBouts!are!sufficiently!precise!to!ensure!that!liberalisation!will!only!pertain!to!environmental!goods!(if!exBouts!are!applied).!L For! at! least! 3!of! the! codes! on! the! APEC! list,! there! are!environmental! goods! not!mentioned!by!exBouts.!!The!APEC!list!illustrates!that!if!one!wants!to!liberalize!trade!only!in!environmental!goods,!it!is!often!not!enough!to!use!the!most!detailed!HS!code!level!of!sixLdigits.!In!the!current!system,!identification!of!the!relevant!sixLdigit!HS!codes!must!be!the!starting!point!and!mandatory!exLouts! must!also!often!be! in! place! in! order! to! ensure! that! only!environmental! goods! are!targeted.! This! means! that! liberalization! of!environmental! goods! is! closely! tied! to!the! extent!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 6 !!to! which! the! HS! system! could! be! used! to!consistently! highlight!environmental! goods! within!different!categories,!or!to!mainstreaming!such!identification!at!the!national!level.!!!Assessment! of! different! types! of! technical! products! categories! and! their! potential! use! is!complicated.!Please!note!that!it!has!not!been!possible!within!the!framework!of!this!study!to!use! expert! groups! or! surveys! beyond! desktop! research.! In! annex!2,! we! present! in! detail! our!assessments!of!each!code!and!also!suggest!exLouts.!!Table!A!provides!an!overview!of!the!54!APEC!codes,!showing!the!degree!to!which!each!code!contains!environmental!goods!and!the!precision!level!of!the!APEC!exLouts!listed.!!!!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 7! !Table!A:!Overview!of!the!APEC!codes!analysed!by!content!and!ex;out!precision!level!!APEC!Content(of(the(6Bdigit(subBcategory((Assessment(of(exBouts(Only!EGs!Mostly!EGs!EGs!and!nonFEGs!Mostly!nonFEGs!!ExFouts!ensure!only!EGs!ExFouts!don’t!ensure!only!EGs!Incl.!EGs!not!mentioned!1!!!!44.18.72!!!X!!2!!!!84.02.90!!X!!!3!!!!84.04.10!!!X!X!4!!!!84.04.20!!!X!X!5!!!!84.04.90!!X!!X!6!!!!84.06.90!!!X!!7!!!!84.11.82!!!X!!8!!!!84.11.99!!!X!!9!!!!84.12.90!!!X!!10!!!!84.17.80!!X!!!11!!!!84.17.90!!X!!!12!!!84.19.19!!!X!!!13!!!84.19.39!!!X!!!14!!!!84.19.60!!!X!!15!!!84.19.89!!!!X!!16!!!!84.19.90!!!X!!17!!!84.21.21!!!!X!!18!!!!84.21.29!!!X!!19!!84.21.39!!!!!X!!20!!!!84.21.99!!!X!!21!!!!84.74.20!!!X!!22!!!84.79.82!!!!X!!23!!!!84.79.89!!!X!!24!!!!84.79.90!!!X!!25!!!!85.01.64!!X!!!26!85.02.31!!!!!!!!27!!85.02.39!!!!X!!!28!!!!85.03.00!!!X!!29!!!!85.04.90!!!X!!30!!!!85.14.10!!!X!!31!!!!85.14.20!!!X!!32!!!!85.14.30!!!X!!33!!!!85.14.90!!!X!!34!!!!85.41.40!!X!!!35!!!!85.43.90!!!X!!36!!!!90.13.80!!X!!!37!!!!90.13.90!!X!!!38!!!!90.15.80!!!X!!39!!!!90.26.10!!!X!!40!!!!90.26.20!!!X!!41!!!!90.26.80!!!X!!42!!!!90.26.90!!!X!!43!!!!90.27.10!!!X!!44!!!!90.27.20!!!X!!45!!!!90.27.30!!!X!!46!!!!90.27.50!!!X!!47!!!!90.27.80!!X!!!48!!!!90.27.90!!!X!!49!!!!90.31.49!!!X!!50!!!!90.31.80!!!X!!51!!!!90.31.90!!!X!!52!!!!90.32.89!!!X!!53!!!!90.32.90!!!X!!54!!!!90.33.00!!!X!!Total&1&2&5&46&&12&42&3&

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 8 !!1 Introduction&1.1 Background!At! the! 20th!APEC! meeting! in! Vladivostok,! Russia,! September! 2012,! representatives! of! the!APEC! countries1!agreed! to! endorse! a! list! of!trade! codes! for!Environmental! Goods! (EGs),!for!which!they!will!reduce!applied!tariff!rates!to!5%!or!less!by!the!end!of!2015,!while!taking!into!account! the! individual! countries’! economic! circumstances!and! without! prejudice! to! APEC!countries’!positions!in!the!World!Trade!Organization!(APEC!2012a).!!The! issue! of! liberalization! of! trade! in! environmental! goods! and! services! has! been!discussed!for!decades,!and! was! singled! out! for! attention! in! the! negotiating! mandate! adopted! at! the!Fourth! Ministerial! Conference! of! the! World! Trade! Organization! (WTO)! in! November! 2001.!The! argument! is! that! increasing! access! to! environmental! goods!(EGs)!through! lower! tariffs!and! nonLtariff! barriers!can! yield! a! number! of! benefits,! such! as! reduced! air! and! water!pollution,! improved! access! to! clean! and! sustainable! energy! sources,! increased! resourceLefficiency! and! better! facilitation! of! waste! disposal.! WellLmanaged! trade! liberalization! in! EGs!can! facilitate! the! achievement! of! sustainable! development! goals! such! as! the! UN! Millenium!Development! Goals! and! those! of! other! multilateral! environmental! agreements! such!as!the!Convention!on!Biodiversity!and!the!Framework!Convention!on!Climate!Change.!The! lack! of! a!universally! accepted!definition! of! EGs!has! meant! that! trade! delegates! at! the!WTO!have!struggled!over!the!scope!of!goods!and!services!that!could!be!included!in!the!trade!liberalization.! While! many! lists! of! EGs!for!liberalization! have! been! suggested! (ref.! Sugathan!2013),!the!whole!WTO!membership!has!not!been!able!to!agree!on!any!of!them.!The!APEC!list!is!the!first!time!a!large!group!of!trading!partners!have!been!able!to!agree!on!a!list!of!EGs!for!which! they! will! liberalize! trade.! One! reason! why! the! APEC! group! succeeded! was! probably!that! the! countries!did! not! attempt! to! define! an! “Environmental! good”,! but! merely! to! agree!on! a! list!of!product! categories! that! could! be! considered! EGs! and! for! which! the! countries!were!willing!to!liberalize!trade!(Vossenaar!2013).!Another!important!reason!probably!is!that!that!the!outcome!is!legally!nonLbinding!and!the!implementation!voluntary,!even!though!it!is!bolstered!by!political!commitment!at!the!highest!level!(Vossenaar!2013).!!The!international!system!of!categorization!for!goods!(the!HS!System)!often!makes!it!difficult!to! identify! products! that! have! an! environmental! function.! The! APEC! list! consists! of! 54!sixLdigit!codes!representing!broad!product!categories.!Each!of!these!codes!may!refer!to!a!scope!of! products! that! only! contain! EGs,! a!scope! of! products! that! include! EGs! as! well! as! nonLEGs,!or! to!a! scope! that! does! not!at!all! include!EGs.! In! the! APEC! list! the! 54! broad! product!categories! are! often! followed! up! with! specifications! (called!‘exLouts’),! pointing! to! specific!types!of!products!within!the!group!that!are!EGs.!Application!of!such!exLouts!are!voluntary.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1 !AsiaLPacific!Economic!Cooperation!(APEC)!is!a!forum!for!21!countries!around!the!Pacific!Ocean!that!seeks!to!promote!free!trade!and!economic!cooperation!throughout!the!AsiaLPacific!region.

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 9! !1.2 The!purpose!of!this!assignment!The! purpose! of! this! assignment! is! to! determine! the! extent! to! which! the! 54!trade! codes! on!the!APEC!list!refer!to!EGs;!what!types!of!EGs!are!to!be!found!under!each!category!and!what!types! of! nonLEGs! are!possibly! also!to! be! found! there?! Such! a! survey! makes! it! possible! to!assess! the! quality! of! the!APEC!list! as! a! starting! point! for! future!work! to! liberalize!trade! in!EGs.!Moreover,! it!may!help!APEC! countries! (and! other! countries)! to! liberalize! national! tariff!lines!under!the!54!broad!categories!in!a!manner!that!precisely!and!only!encompasses!EGs.!!In! this! report! we! will!thus!not! assess! the! potential! effect! of!the! APEC! list! on! trade,! i.e.! the!extent! to! which! APEC! countries! have! tariff! rates! of! more! than! 5%! for! the! products! referred!to! and! the! implications! of! the!initiative!for! trade! in! such! goods.!This! has!to! some! extent!already!been!done!(Sugathan!&!Brewer!2012,!Vossenaar!2013).!Vossenar!(2013)!notes!that!it!is!hard!to!assess!how!significant!eventual!tariff!reductions!will!be,!as!it!is!not!yet!fully!known!how! individual! APEC! economies! will! implement! the! commitment! and!how! they! will! define!exLouts!in!their!national!tariff!systems.!It!seems!clear,!however,!that!at!the!outset!there!are!quite! few!national! tariff! lines! pertaining! to! the! APEC! codes! that! today! have! tariffs! of! more!than!5%.2!Sugathan!&!Brewer!(2012)!notes!that!the!average!simple!average!of!tariffs!in!APEC!for! the! 54! codes! in! 2012! was! 2,6%! and! that! for! more! than! half! they! were! zero.!Some! APEC!economies! (incl.! Australia,! Hong! Kong,! Japan,! Papua! New! Guinea,! New! Zealand! and!Singapore)! did! not! in! 2012! have! a! single! tariff! line! of! more! than! 5%,! and! were! as! such!already! in! compliance.!In! some! cases! the! list! may! still! make! a! difference;! in! 2012,! at! lest! 6!APEC! economies! (Brunei,! China,! Chinese! Taipei,! Chile,! Indonesia,! and! South! Korea)! had!tariffs! of! more! than! 5%! for! windLpowered! generators! (85.02.31),! and! at! least! 4! APEC!economies! (China,! Mexico,! Thailand,! Vietnam)! had! tariffs! of! more! than! 5%! for! solar! water!heaters! (84.19.19)!(Sugathan! &! Brewer! 2012).!It! is!apparently! a! relatively! small! number!of!environmental! goods! on! the! APEC! list! that! may! benefit! from! tariff! reductions! as! a!consequence!of!the!APEC!commitment.!!!1.3 Understanding!the!APEC!list!The! APEC! list! contains! 54! HS! Codes! at! sixLdigit! level.! These! codes! refer! to! the! Harmonized!Commodity!Description!and!Coding!System!(HS!System),!which!is!developed!and!maintained!by! the! World! Customs! Organization! (WCO).! The! HS! is! organized! in! 21! sections! and! 96!chapters! (the! twoLdigit! level),! with! categories! (the! fourLdigit! level)! and! subLcategories! (the!sixLdigit!level).!The!54!HS!Codes!of!the!APEC!list!are!sixLdigit!codes!that!figure!under!4!of!the!96!chapters!in!the!HS!System!(see!table!1.1!below).!!Each! of! the! 54! sixLdigit! codes! on! the! APEC! list! refers! to! an! internationally! standardized! subLcategory! that! is! similar! in! all! countries.! Each! subLcategory! allows! for! a! wide! scope! of! goods!to! be! classified! under! the! subLcategory,! as! long! as! the! good! in! question! falls! under! the!generic! heading! of! the! subLcategory.! Each! country! is! free! to! have! further! categorization!under! the! sixLdigit! subLcategory,! by! introducing!subLdivisions! referred! to! as! national! Tariff!Lines! (in! the! form! of! 8Ldigit,! 10Ldigit! and! 12Ldigit! codes! with! increasingly! detailed!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!2 Vossenar mapped applied tariffs for the 54 APEC sub-categories in 20 APEC economies, amounting to a total of 1080 sub-categories. Only 25% of these (234) had a maximum MFN-applied rater greater than 5% (i.e. at least one tariff line within the sub-category had a MFN-applied tariff greater than 5%).

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 10 !!descriptions).! The! extent! to! which! such! TLs! are! introduced! and! the! exact! names! and!character! of! the! tariff! lines! will! normally! vary! between! countries,! as! they! are! introduced! in!order!to!serve!specific!national!needs!for!registration!and!documentation!of!trade!in!specific!types!of!goods!(see!example!comparing!China!and!Norway!below).!!Table!1.1:!The!Chapters!of!the!HS!Code!(two;digit!level)!and!number!of!APEC!list!codes!!Chapter&Content&No&of&APEC&list&codes&01L05!Animal!and!animal!products!0!06L15!Vegetable!Products!0!16L24!Foodstuffs!0!25L27!Mineral!Products!0!28L38!Chemicals!&!Allied!Industries!0!39L40!Plastics!/!Rubbers!0!41L43!Raw!Hides,!Skins,!Leather,!&!Furs!0!44&Wood&&&Articles&of&Wood&&1&45L49!Wood!&!Wood!Products!0!50L63!Textiles!0!64L67!Footwear!/!Headgear!0!68L71!Stone!/!Glass!0!72L83!Metals!0!84&Machinery&&23&85&&Electrical&Machinery&11&86L89!Transportation!0!90&Instruments&19&91L97!Miscellaneous!0!98L99!Service!0!!This! means! that! the! APEC! list! of! 54! sixLdigit! HS! Codes! actually! refer! to! 54! different!product!groups,! groups! that! to! a! different!extent! have! been! further! specified! and! broken! down! by!the!countries!in!the!APEC!group!(and!by!other!countries)!in!national!systems.!Moreover,!the!product!group!has!an!“open”!nature,!as!it!gives!a!specific!yet!general!description!of!a!certain!type! of! product.! As! different! countries! may! trade! in! different! types! of! products! due! to!different! needs! (for! instance! due! to! different! climatic! conditions),! this! allows! different!countries! to! have! quite! different! national! tariff! lines! lists! under! the! same! sixLdigit! heading.!The!open!nature!of!the!sixLdigit!heading!also!allows!each!country!to!dynamically!incorporate!new!products!that!are!introduced!to!the!market!and!which!fits!the!criteria!of!the!generic!sixLdigit! heading.!In! 2013,! the! APEC! countries! together! had! more! than! 2,700! individual! tariff!lines!belonging!to!the!54!subLcategories!(Vossenaar!2013).!Some!of!these!overlap,!but!many!do! not! (as! we!see! in! the! example! provided! below).! The! degree! of! differentiation! below! the!sixLdigit! level! also! varies! substantially.!While!Mexico! was! registered! with! 250! separate! tariff!lines!under!these!54!subLcategories,!Japan!was!listed!with!73!and!Papua!New!Guinea!with!54!(i.e.!only!one!TL!per!subLcategory).!As!an!example!of!the!difference!of!the!national!systems!at!the!level!below!the!sixLdigit!code,!we! may! consider! China’s!and! Norway’s!subdivisions! of! the! HD! code! 84.79.89!“Other!machines! and! appliances! with! individual! functions”.!In! the! Chinese! Customs! Tariff,! the! HS!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 11! !Code!84.79.89!contains!national!TLs!such!as:!Air!Humidifiers!Or!Dehumidifiers!(84.79.89.20),!Machines! For! Squeezing! Radioactive! Waste! (84.79.89.50),! and!(Fan)! mufflers! (84.79.89.99).!In! the! Norwegian! Customs! Tariff! the! HS! code! 84.79.89! is! broken! down! into!only!four! TLs:!Steering! machines! and! apparatus! (84.79.89.01),!ZLdrive! assemblies! for! boats! (vessels),!whether! or! not! presented! with! an! inboard! engine! (84798902),!SelfLpropelled!rotary! snow!cutters! (84.79.89.03),! and!Other! machines! and! apparatus! not! mentioned! elsewhere!(84.79.89.09).!!We!thus!see!that!the!specification!of!the!sixLdigit!code!may!vary!substantially!between! countries.! In! the! Norwegian! system,! the! three! Chinese! eightLdigit! TLs! mentioned!above!would!all!fall!under!one!eightLdigit!TL:!Norway’s!84.79.89.09.!!The!HS!code!84.79.89!is!on!the!APEC!list.!We!see!above!that!in!China,!it!is!specified!that!this!code!includes! machines! for! squeezing! radioactive! waste,! which! we! consider! to! be! an!environmental! product! as! it! is! used! in!the! treatment! of! (radioactive)!waste.! We! also! see!above! that! in! Norway,! it!is! specified! that! this! code!includes! selfLpropelled! rotary! snow!cutters,! which! we! don’t! consider! to! be!an! environmental! product.! This! is! a! quite! typical!example,! showing! that! sixLdigit! HS! codes! often! constitute! categories! that! contain!environmental! products! as! well! as! products! that! don’t! have! a! primarily! environmental!function.! It! also! shows! that! some! countries! (here! China)! may! have! specified! (at! least! some)!types!of!products!that!have!an!environmental!function!in!their!national!systems,!while!other!countries!(here!Norway)!may!not!have!specified!any!such!products.!!The! example!highlights! two! problems.! The! first! is! that! since! the! sixLdigit! HD! code! level! very!often! represents! categories! that! contain! products! that! have! an! environmental! purpose! as!well! as! products! that! don’t,!using! a! sixLdigit! code! is! in! many! (if! not! most)! cases! in! itself! not!enough!to!identify!environmental!goods.!As!a!consequence,!lowering!tariffs!for!a!certain!sixLdigit! code! in! order! to! promote! trade! in! environmental! products! may! often! lead! to! also! a!lowering! of! tariffs! for! a! number! of! products! with! no! such! function!(such! as! selfLpropelled!rotary! snow! cutters).! The! answer! to! this! problem! is! to!use! more! narrow!specifications!than!what! is!provided! by!the! sixLdigit! codes.!But! this! leads! us! to! the!second! problem;!since!national! specifications! below! the! sixLdigit! level! are! not! harmonised! and! may! vary! greatly! in!the! level! of! detail! as! well! as! the! types! of! subLsubLcategories! employed,! it! is! difficult! to!identify! environmental! products! below! the! sixLdigit! code! in! a! manner! that! fits! with! the!different!national!systems!and!can!be!easily!applied!across!the!national!subsystems.!!!!!!!In! the! APEC! list,! the! first! problem! is! addressed! by! offering! soLcalled! exLouts! for! each! HS!codes.!As!the!specifications!refer!to!a!more!detailed!level!below!the!sixLdigit!categorization,!the! specification! is!related! to!national! systems.! Since! the! national! tariff! codes! often! vary!beyond! the! sixLdigit! level,! different! countries! (or! groups! of! countries)!have! in! the! APEC! list!presented!different!(often!overlapping)!exLouts!in!line!with!their!national!systems.!!As! the! APEC! list! is! not! a! legally! binding! document,! it! is! up! to! each! APEC! country! to! choose!how! to! follow! up! on! the! commitment! the! list! represents.!The! exLouts! seem! to! indicate! how!the! different! countries! or! groups! of! countries! will! follow! up! on! their! commitment,! i.e.! how!they! will! apply! the! maximum! 5%! tariff! to! their! TLs! in! the! mentioned! HS! subLcategories.! The!scope! for! implementation! thus! lies! between! liberalizing! trade! for! all! products! within! the! 54!product! groups!on! the! one! side,! and! liberalizing! trade! only! for! specified! EG! exLouts! within!each!of!the!54!product!groups.!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 12 !!1.4 A!step;wise!approach!Our! task! in! this! report! is! to! assess! the! APEC! list,! by! identifying! the! content! of! the! sixLdigit!codes! listed! plus! the! exLouts! and! assessing! the! extent! to! which! they! may! be! considered! to!refer! to! EGs.! This! means! that! we! have! to! apply! a! stepLwise! approach! for! each! of! the! 54! HS!Codes!listed:!• We! will!identify! and!describe!the! scope! of!each! of! the!sixBdigit! codes.!There! is! a!potential! for! countries! to! use! the! list! to! lower! tariffs! for! notLEG! products! that! also!figure!within!the!product!groups,!so!we!need!to!comment!on!the!degree!to!which!the!sixLdigit! category! covers! EGs! and! nonLEGs.!We! will! also! note! if! there! are! products! in!the!group!that!may!be!considered!problematic!from!an!environmental!point!of!view.!!• We! will!assess! the! exBouts!presented! by! countries! and! country! groups.! The! question!is!whether!these!exLouts!actually!refer!to!EGs.!In!some!cases,!some!of!them!may!not!do! so! according! to! our! criteria!(see! below),! or! they! may! not! be! precise! enough! to!exclude! nonLEGs.!We! will!also!note! whether! there! are!EG!products! in! the! sixLdigit!category!that!are!not!referred!to!by!exLouts.!These!will!then!be!product!types!that!in!our!opinion!ought!to!be!referred!to!by!exLouts.!• We!will!finally!suggest!exBouts!for!each!APEC!code,!indicating!how!we!believe!the!list!can! be! implemented! in! a! way! ensuring!that! liberalization!only! covers!EGs.!Note! that!due! to! the! open! nature! of! many! of! the! subLcategories,! there! may!well!be! additional!exLouts!that!qualify!as!EGs!and!that!we!have!not!been!able!to!identify.!!In!Annex!2!of!this!report,!we!present!a!detailed!description!and!assessment!of!each!of!the!54!APEC!codes!in!the!manner!described!above.!The!findings!are!summarized!in!chapter!2.!!We!have!not!in!this!study!attempted!to!define!EGs!but!have!taken!a!pragmatic!approach.!We!consider!EGs!to!be!products!that!are!designed!to!improve!the!environment!or!products!that!are!mainly!used!in!a!manner!that!contributes!to!improve!the!environment.!Examples!of!such!EGs!are!products!mainly!used!for!renewable!energy!generation,!for!waste!management,!for!wastewater!treatment,!for!pollution!monitoring!and/or!control,!and!for!smart!grids!or!other!radical! energy! efficiency! technology.!In! our! comments! to! each!code! in! annex! 2,! we! explain!more! specifically! the! basis! of! our! assessment! in! each! case.!Assessment! of! different! types! of!technical! products! categories! and! their! potential! use! is! complicated.! Please! note! that! it! has!not!been!possible!within!the!framework!of!this!study!to!use!expert!groups!or!surveys!beyond!deskLtop!research.!!!The!Wold!Customs!Organization!has!published!a!set!of!HS!Explanatory!Notes,!which!provides!guidance!and!examples!of!the!content!of!HS!chapters!and!categories.!We!use!this!document!as!the!basis!of!our!description!of!the!54!subLcategories!of!the!APEC!list.!It!must!be!noted!that!as!the!HS!Codes!are!open!categories,!we!cannot!be!able!to!identify!all!types!of!products!that!possibly! may! come! under!each! of!the! 54! subLcategories.! Our! survey! will! be! limited! by! the!scope! covered! by! the! HS! Explanatory! Notes! as! well! as! the! indications! the!APEC!exLouts! give!of! which! types! of! products! individual! countries! list! under! these! categories.! It! is! beyond! the!scope!of!this!assignment!to!go!through!the!different!tariff!systems!of!the!21!APEC!countries.!!!!!&

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 13! !2 Findings:(Overall'assessment'of'the'APEC'list&2.1 A!negotiated!list!!The!APEC!list!is!the!outcome!of!a!negotiation!process!among!the!APEC!countries!in!which!the!countries!apparently!started! with! a! draft! list! of! about! 200!HS! codes3,! and! where! the! end!product!was!a!list!of!54!codes.!The!present!APEC!list!is!thus!not!a!list!developed!to!capturing!the!most!important,!the!most!traded!or!the!most!valuable!EGs.!Rather,!it!could!be!viewed!as!a! common! denominator! of! a!limited! list! of! subLcategories!among! the!APEC! members.!Probably! as! a! consequence! of! the! process! behind! the! creation! of! the! list,!it!is! often! quite!vague!and!in!many!cases!not!strictly!consistent!or!logical.!!With! ‘vague’! we! mean! that! the! list! often! refers! to! subLcategories! that! are! difficult! to! define!precisely.! 32! (60%)! of! the! subLcategories! on! the! APEC! list!are! omnibus! subLcategories,! that!either! contain! “other,! not! mentioned! specifically! elsewhere”! products! of! a! previously!mentioned!category! or! subLcategory!(18! times),! or! “parts! and! accessories”! for!products!of!categories/subLcategories!previously! mentioned!(14! times).! In! such! cases! the! exact! product!universe!that!the!listed!subLcategory!refers!to!is!often!quite!difficult!to!define!precisely.!!Different! subLcategories! in! the! HS! code! are! often! connected! in! different! ways,! for! instance!so! that! one! subLcategory! contains! a! main! product! of! a! certain! type,! another! subLcategory!appliances! for! that! main! product,! and! a! third! subLcategory! parts! for! that! product.! The! APEC!list!is!in!many!cases!not!“logical”!in!the!sense!that!it!may!include!the!subLcategory!with!parts!or! accessories! for! a! certain! EG,! but! not! the! subLcategory! for! that! EG!itself.! There! are! many!such!cases!of!the!list!containing!“parts!for”,!but!not!the!product!the!parts!are!for.!!!!2.2 A!list!which!is!not!entirely!consistent!We!may!also!note!that!the!list!is!not!always!consistent.!The!APEC!list!has!three!columns:!“HS!Code! Description”,! “ExLOut/Additional!Product! Specification”,! and! “Remarks! /!Environmental!Benefit”.!!The! “HS! Code! Description”! refers! to! the! code! title,! which! in! principle! is! the! internationally!standardized! 6Ldigit! subLcategory! code.! Different! countries! often! have! different! variants! of!this!text.!More!puzzling!is!the!fact!that!some!countries!(especially!China)!in!many!cases!seem!to!mention!exLouts!in!this!column.!This!is!inconsistent!and!we!have!in!such!cases!(in!annex!2)!simply!treated!these!descriptions!as!exLouts,!and!noted!in!a!footnote!that!it!was!listed!in!the!“HS!Code!Description”!column.!!!The!“ExLOut”! column! contains! exLouts.!It! is! in! general!unclear! to! what! extent! the! exLouts!actually!commit!the!country/Lies!that!have!presented!them.!We!therefore!consider!them!to!be!completely!voluntary!in!nature.!ExLouts!are!described!differently!in!different!cases.!Some!times! they! are! very! general,! with! statements! such! as! “wastewater! management”.! In! such! a!case! the! exLout!must! be! taken! to! refer! to! anything! within! the! subLcategory! that! is! used! in!processes!related!to!wastewater!management.!At!other!times!exLouts!are!very!specific!with!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!3 Source: Personal communication with persons close to the process.

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 14 !!statements!such!as!“parts!for!solar!heliostats”!or!“parts!for!84.21.21”.!In!such!cases,!the!exLout! refers! to! specific! products!and! would! seem! to! reflect! eightLdigit! national! tariff! lines! of!the!countries!that!have!proposed!them.!Sometimes!the!text!in!the!“Remarks”!column!refers!to!a!certain!product!as!the!reason!why!the!subLcategory!has!been!selected,!but!this!product!is! not! mentioned! in! the! exLout! column.! As! mentioned! above,! exLouts! are! also! sometimes!listed!in!the!“HS!Code!Description”Lcolumn!and!not!in!the!“ExLOut”!column.!The!exLouts!are!also!presented!in!different!ways.!Usually!the!exLouts!are!followed!by!a!country!code,!but!not!always.!It!is!unclear!what!it!means!when!an!exLout!is!not!followed!by!a!country!code.!Does!it!mean! that! all! the! APEC! countries!support!it?! Sometimes! the! text! in! this! column! states!“optional! exLouts! may! include!…”.!Is! this! to! be! understood! as! a! suggestion?!Does! this! apply!only! to! the! countries! behind! that! optional! exLout,!or! possibly! to! all?!Several! APEC!countries!(for! instance! Indonesia,! Papua! New! Guinea,! Peru,!and!the! Philippines)! do! not! list! exLouts!at!all.! Does! this! mean! that! they! intend! to! liberalize! all!tariffs! under! the! 54! codes?! The! various!uses!of!exLouts!probably!reflect!the!voluntary!and!flexible!nature!of!the!APEC!list.!The! “Remarks…”! column! usually! has! the! most! text! and! provides! the! justification! for! the!choice!of!subLcategory!and!exLouts.!It!is!sometimes!vaguely!formulated!and!sometimes!very!specific.!As! noted! above,! the! text! in! this! column! sometimes! has! a! wider! range! than! the! exLouts,!listing!products!and!uses!that!are!not!covered!by!the!text!in!the!exLout.!In!some!cases!the!same!standard!phrase!(such!as!“These!instruments!are!used!to!measure,!record,!analyse!and!assess!environmental!samples!or!environmental!influences”)!is!used!for!several!different!subLcategories.!!!2.3 The!content!and!the!precision!level!The! APEC! list! contains! 23! codes! belonging!to! the! Machinery! chapter,!11! codes! belonging! to!the! Electrical! Machinery! chapter,! 19! codes! belonging! to! a! chapter! for! Instruments,! and! 1!code!belonging!to!the!Wood!&!Wood!Articles!chapter.!As!the!status!of!exLouts!is!unclear,!we!believe! the! APEC! list! should! mainly! be! judged! by! the! content! of! the! 54! sixLdigit! codes.!We!will,! however,! also! assess! the! extent! to! which! the! APEC! list! is! able! to! precisely! capture! EGs!through!exLouts.!2.3.1 The&Machinery&Chapter&codes&The! 23! codes! of!the! Machinery! chapter!refer!to! a! wide! variety! of! machinery! most! of! which!are! not! EGs.!Considering! the! product! universe! covered! by!each! code,! our! assessment!(ref.!table! A! and! Annex! 2)!is! that! 17! of! the! APEC! Machinery! codes! mainly! contain! nonLEGs,! 5!Machinery! codes! contain! both! EGs! and! nonLEGs,! and! that! 1! Machinery! code! mainly! contain!EGs.!!The!17!mainly! nonLEG! codes! cover!products!such! as!steam/vapour! boilers,! auxiliary! plants!for! boilers,! gas! turbines,!industrial! or! laboratory! furnaces! and! ovens,! machinery!for!liquefying! air! or! gas,! filtering! or! purifying! machinery! for! liquids,! centrifuges! and! crushing! or!drying! machines.! Generally! speaking! these! are! machines! that! are! used! for! a! variety! of!industrial! purposes! and! usually! not! for! specific! environmental! purposes.! At! least! two! of!these! codes! include! machines! used! in! the! nuclear! industry,! and! at! least! three! include!machines! or! parts! for! machines! used! in! the! mining! industry.!There! are,! however,! certain!types!of!these!products!that!are!used!for!environmental!purposes!and!may!be!considered!to!be! EGs.! This! would! typically! be! such! machinery! especially! designed!for! biomass! or! biogas!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 15! !energy!production,!waste!management!(sludge!dryers,!crushing!or!grinding!machines,!filters!or!purification!equipment),!or!air!pollution!control.!!!!The!5!codes!with!both!EGs!and!nonLEGs,!contain!nonLelectric!instantaneous!or!storage!water!heaters,! certain! types! of! evaporators! and! dryers,! and! filtering! and! purifying! machinery! for!liquids!(incl.! for! industrial! purposes).! These! codes! contain! machinery! often! used! for! various!industrial! or! other! purposes! that! are! not! environmental! in! nature,! but! also! machines!designed!for!use!in!waste!or!wastewater!management!as!well!as!solar!heaters.!The!1!code!mostly!containing!EGs!is!for!filtering!or!purification!machinery!for!gases.!!!!!With! regards! to! the! Machinery! codes,! to! what! extent! is! the! APEC! list! able! to! precisely!capture!EGs!through!exLouts?!Our!assessment!(ref.!table!A!and!Annex!2)!is!that!for!17!of!the!Machinery!codes,!the!suggested!exLouts!are!not!precise!enough!to!ensure!that!only!EGs!are!covered.! In! 6! cases,! applying! the! exLouts! will! ensure!that! only! EGs! are! covered.! In! 3!cases,!there!are!EGs!within!the!code!that!is!not!mentioned!in!the!exLouts.!!2.3.2 The&Electrical&Machinery&Chapter&codes&The! 11! codes! of! the! Electrical! Machinery! chapter! refer! to! a! wide! variety! of! electrical!machinery! most! of! which! are! not! EGs.! Considering! the! product! universe! covered! by! each!code,! our! assessment!(ref.! table! A! and! Annex! 2)!is! that! 9! of! the! APEC! Electrical! Machinery!codes! mainly! contain! nonLEGs,! 1! Electrical! Machinery! code! mainly! contain! EGs,! and! 1!Electrical!Machinery!code!only!contains!EGs.!The! 9!mainly! nonLEG! codes! cover! products! such! as!AC! generators! (alternators),! electric!transformers,! static! convertors,! inductors,! electrical! ovens! and! incinerators!and!photosensitive! conductor! devices.!Generally! speaking! these! are! electrical! machines! that! are!used!for!a!variety!of!industrial!purposes!and!usually!not!for!specific!environmental!purposes.!One! of! the! codes! includes! parts! for! diesel! engines.! There! are,! however,! certain! types! of!these!products!that!are!used!for!environmental!purposes!and!may!be!considered!to!be!EGs.!This! would! be! AC! generators! or! electric! transformers,! static! convertors! and! inductors!especially! designed! for! renewable! energy! production,! electrical! ovens! and! incinerators!especially! designed! for! waste! management,! and! photovoltaic! cells! used! for! solar! energy!generation.!The!one!mainly! EG! code! is!an!omnibus! subLcategory! that! mainly! seems! to! include! electric!generating! sets! used! in! combined! heat! and! power! systems! and! electric! generating! sets!driven!by!renewable!energy!other!than!wind.!!The!one!entirely!EG!code!covers!windLpowered!electricity!generation!sets.!!With! regards! to! the! Electrical! Machinery! codes,! to! what! extent! is! the! APEC! list! able! to!precisely!capture!EGs!through!exLouts?!Our!assessment!(ref.!table!A!and!Annex!2)!is!that!for!7!of!the!Electrical!Machinery!codes,!the!suggested!exLouts!are!not!precise!enough!to!ensure!that!only!EGs!are!covered,!and!that!in!3!cases!applying!the!exLouts!will!ensure!that!only!EGs!are!covered.!In!the!one!case!where!the!code!only!refers!to!EGs,!exLouts!are!not!necessary.!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 16 !!2.3.3 The&Instrument&Chapter&codes&The!19!codes!of!the!Instrument!chapter!refer!to!a!wide!variety!of!instruments!most!of!which!are! not! EGs.! Considering! the! product! universe! covered! by!each! code,! our! assessment!(ref.!table! A! and! Annex! 2)!is! that! all! 19! of! the! APEC! Electrical! Machinery! codes! mainly! contain!nonLEGs.!This! chapter! contains! a! wide! variety! of! precision! instruments! and! their! parts.! These! are!instruments! that! are! used! for! a! wide! variety! of! purposes! and! in! a! wide! variety! of!industries!where! such! instruments! are! useful.! They! are! rarely! exclusively! designed! for! environmental!purposes,! although! they! may! often! be! used! for! such! purposes.! This! part! of! the! APEC! list! is!also!difficult!to!assess!as!12!of!the!19!Instrument!codes!are!omnibus!categories!consisting!of!“other! products! of! this! type! not! mentioned! elsewhere”! or! “parts! for! previously! mentioned!products”.!!The! 19! APEC! Instrument! codes! covers! products! such! as! certain! optical! devices,! certain!surveying!instruments!and!appliances,!certain!instruments!for!measuring!variables!of!liquids!or! gases,!or! measuring! or! checking! pressure,! gas! or! smoke! analysis! apparatus,!chromatographs,! electrophoresis! instruments,! spectrometers,! certain! instruments! and!apparatus! using! optical! radiation,! microtomes! and! “other”! automatic! regulating! or!controlling!equipment.!!!!!!!Generally! speaking! these! are! instruments! that! are! used! for! a! variety! of! laboratory! and!industrial! purposes,! and! usually! not! for! specific! environmental! purposes.! One! of! the! codes!includes!instruments!and!appliances!used!in!mineral!and!petroleum!exploration.!One!of!the!codes! includes! instruments! used! in! nuclear! physics! and! in! signal! intelligence! for! military!purposes.! One! code! includes! test! apparatus! for! fuels! and! for! motors! of! vehicles.!There! are,!however,! certain! types! of! these! instruments! that! are! used! for! environmental! purposes! and!may! be! considered! to! be! EGs.! This! would! be! instruments!especially! designed! for! pollution!monitoring!and!control,!or!used!in!planning!and!production!of!renewable!energy.!With! regards! to! the! Instrument! codes,! to! what! extent! is! the! APEC! list! able! to! precisely!capture!EGs!through!exLouts?!Our!assessment!(ref.!table!A!and!Annex!2)!is!that!for!16!of!the!Instrument!codes,!the!suggested!exLouts!are!not!precise!enough!to!ensure!that!only!EGs!are!covered,!and!that!in!3!cases!applying!the!exLouts!will!ensure!that!only!EGs!are!covered.!!2.3.4 The&Wood&&&Wood&Articles&Chapter&code&The! one!APEC! subLcategory! under! this! chapter! refers! to!“multiLlayered! assembled! flooring!panels!that! are! not! of! mosaic! type”.! It! includes! such! flooring! panels! of! a! wide! variety! of!tropical! wood.! The! APEC! list! suggests! “of! bamboo”! as! an! exLout.!We! consider! this! subLcategory!to!be!of!the!type!“mostly!nonLEGs”.!We!also!consider!that!the!exLout!is!not!precise!enough!to!ensure!that!only!EGs!are!covered.!!!This! code! is! different! from! the! other! codes! on! the! APEC! list,! as! the! justification! provided! is!that! this! is! an! environmentally! preferable! product!and! not! that! it! serves! an! environmental!purpose.!This!is!the!only!subLcategory!in!the!APEC!list!where!such!a!justification!is!presented.!We! do! not!in! this! study!go! more! deeply! into! the! discussion! of! environmentally! preferable!products! and! how! such! may! be! identified.! Generally! speaking,! we! consider! that!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 17! !sustainability! issues! in! the! cultivation! of! bamboo!and! in! the!manufacturing! of! multiLlayered!flooring! panels!must! be! considered! to!allow!for! a! fair! judgement! of!the! environmental!benefits.!While! the! use! of! bamboo! in! many! cases! may! be! more! environmentally! beneficial!than! the! use! of! certain! other! types! of! wood,! we! do! not! consider!“multiLlayered! flooring!panels!of!bamboo”!to!be!precise!enough!as!an!exLout.!2.4 A!few!observations!As!noted!in!the!beginning!of!this!chapter,!the!APEC!list!is!not!a!list!of!the!most!important!EGs!but!rather!a!list!of!the!EGLrelated!sixLdigit!subLcategories!that!are!considered!unproblematic!for!trade!liberalisation!by!the!APEC!countries!(for!reasons!unknown!to!us).!!Generally! speaking,! the! list! to! a! large! extent!covers!peripheral! product! categories! such! as!“other! types! of! products! in! this!category”! and! “parts”,! and!to! a! limited! extent! target! main!categories!of!EGs.!Many!products!related!for!instance!to!renewable!energy!generation!from!hydroL,! windL!or! energy! sources! are!largely! absent! from! the! list!(but! the! more! polluting! gas!turbines! are! included).!Pollution! monitoring! and! control,! wastewater! and! waste!management,! and! various! forms! of! energy! efficiency! is! frequently! referred! to,! but! it! is!unclear!to!what!extent!the!list!covers!the!most!important!codes!related!to!such!fields.4!!!One!way!forward!in!the!work!to!liberalize!EGs,!could!be!to!first!assess!which!parts!of!the!HS!Code! (at! sixLdigit! level)! that! actually! contains! the! main! volumes! of! EGs.! As! an! outset! one!could! look!at! areas! for! which! there! is! a! general! consensus! that! they! are! “environmental! in!nature”,! such! as! products! related! to! renewable! energy! generation,! waste! and! wastewater!management,! pollution! monitoring! and/or! control,! and! energy! efficiency.! If! one! would! be!able! to! at! least! roughly! identify! where! the! flows! of! such! EGs!figure! in! the! HS! System,! one!would!see!what!is!missing!even!after!the!APEC!list!is!employed!and!where!to!find!it.!It!would!also!be!interesting!to!identify!where!the!main!trade!volumes!in!such!EGs!are!occurring.!!Given! the! difficulties! with! exLouts,! it!would!be! helpful! to! identify!sixLdigit! codes!in! the! HS!System! that! predominantly! refers! to! EGs.! Liberalization! of! trade! in! products! under! these!codes!would!not!bring!with!it!the!problem!of!potentially!also!liberalizing!trade!in!nonLEGs.!In!the! APEC! list,! code! 85.02.31! ‘Electric! generating! sets:! Wind! powered’,! is! a! good! example!(and!the!only!on!the!APEC!list)!of!such!an!unambiguous!sixLdigit!code.!!When! assessing! the! APEC! list! and! looking! at!lists! of! EGs! previously! submitted! to! the! WTO!(such! as! the!“153! list”!(WTO! CTESS! 2007),! which! overlaps! to! a! large! degree! with! the! APEC!list),! we! have!noted!that! no!justifications! apparantly!are!publicly! available.!WTO! members!have!suggested!about!408!HS!codes!for!EGs!for!trade!liberalization!over!the!last!decade!or!so!(Sugathan! &! Brewer! 2012).!What! assessments! have! been! made! of! each! of! these! codes! and!what!are!the!justifications!for!considering!them!important!codes!for!EGs?!To!what!extent!are!these! codes! primarily! covering! EGs! and! what! kind! of! other! things! do! they! cover?!This!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4!With!regards!to!climateLfriendly!products,!it!has!been!noted!(Sugathan!&!Brewer!2012)!that!the!APEC!list!only!contains!10!out!of!43!climateLfriendly!products!identified!by!the!World!Bank!(World!Bank!2007)!and!10!out!of!79!climateLfriendly!products!identified!by!ICTSD!(ICTSD!2012).!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 18 !!information! has! not! been! systematized! and! made! publicly! available! to! interested! parties,!something!that!hampers!the!establishment!of!a!common!ground!for!further!progress.!!!Another! question!more! directly! related! to! the! APEC! list,!is! to! what! extent! the! national! tariff!systems! of! the! different! APEC! countries! are! currently! able! to! capture! the! necessary! exLouts!to! ensure! that! liberalization!of! the! APEC! list! codes!in! a! targeted! manner! pertains! to! EGs.! As!there!are!21!APEC!countries,!there!will!be!21!different!breakLdowns!of!the!54!subLcategories!on! APEC! list,! which! gives!a! total! of! 1,134!sets! of! national! TLs! with! a! total! of! +2,700! TLs! (ref.!Vossenaar!2013).!Assessing!current!status!and!what!it!would!take!to!implement!the!APEC!list!in! a! targeted! manner! in! the! APEC! group,!would! set! a! stage! for! a! common! and! targeted!implementation!of!the!list!within!APEC!and!also!in!the!wider!WTO!community.!The!APEC!list!clearly!shows!that!if!one!wants!to!liberalize!trade!specifically!in!EGs,!it!is!often!not! enough! to! use! the! most! detailed! HS! code! level! of! sixLdigits.!In! the! current! system,!identification!of!the!relevant!sixLdigit!HS!codes!must!be!the!starting!point!and!mandatory!exLouts!must!also!often!be! in! place!in! order! to! ensure! that! only! EGs! are! targeted.! This! means!that!liberalization!of!EGs!is!closely!tied!to!the!extent!to!which!the!HS!system!could!be!used!to!consistently!highlight! EGs! within! different! categories,!or!to! mainstreaming! such!identification!at!the!national!level.!!&!&

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 19! !3 Sources&!APEC!(2014a):!AsiaFPacific!Economic!Cooperation.!WebFportal:!www.apec.org!APEC! (2014b):! “Analysis:! Why! the! APEC! environmental! goods! list! is! worth! the! region’s!energy”,!APEC!15!Jan!2014,!www.apec.org!APEC! (2013):! “APEC! strives! to! raise! energy! efficiency,! cut! emissions”,! issued! by! the!APEC!Energy!Working!Group!21!Nov.!2013,!www.apec.org.!!APEC! (2012a):!2012( Leader’s( Declaration.( Vladivostok( Declaration(–(Integrate( to(Grow,(Innovate(to(Prosper.!!APEC!(2012b):!2012(Leader’s(Declaration.(Annex(A.(Towards(Innovative(Growth.!APEC!(2012c):!2012(Leader’s(Declaration.(Annex(B.(Strengthening(APEC(energy(security.!APEC!(2012c):!2012(Leader’s(Declaration.(Annex(C.(APEC(list(of(environmental(goods.!ICTSD! (2013):!Transforming( the( APEC( Outcome( on( Environmental( Goods( into( a( Broader(Sustainable( Energy(Trade( Initiative:( What( are( the( Options?,!International! Centre! for!Trade!and!Sustainable!Development,!Geneva,!Switzerland,!www.ictsd.org.!ICTSD! (2011):!Fostering( Low( Carbon( Growth:( The( Case( for( a( Sustainable( Energy( Trade(Agreement,!International! Centre! for! Trade! and! Sustainable! Development,! Geneva,!Switzerland,!www.ictsd.org.!Lendo,! E.! (2005):!Defining( Environmental( Goods( and( Services:( A( Case( Study( of( Mexico,!Issue!Paper!No.!1,!International!Centre!for!Trade!and!Sustainable!Development,!Geneva,!Switzerland,!www.ictsd.org.!Norwegian! Customs! (2014):!Norwegian( Customs( Tariff(–(Including( the( Statistical(Nomenclature(–(2014.!Norwegian!Customs!(not!dated):!Alminnelige(fortolkningsregler.!!Norwegian! Customs! (not! dated):!HS( kommentarene,( Avsnitt( IX,( Kapittel( 44.! (This! is! the!Norwegian!version!of!the!HS!Explanatory!Notes!for!Chapter!44.)!Norwegian! Customs! (not! dated):!HS( kommentarene,( Avsnitt( XVI.! (This! is! the! Norwegian!version!of!the!HS!Explanatory!Notes!for!Chapter!84.)!Norwegian! Customs! (not! dated):!HS(kommentarene,(Kapittel(85.! (This! is! the! Norwegian!version!of!the!HS!Explanatory!Notes!for!Chapter!85.)!Norwegian!Customs!(not!dated):!HS(kommentarene,(Avsnitt(XVIII,(Kapittel(90.!(This!is!the!Norwegian!version!of!the!HS!Explanatory!Notes!for!Chapter!90.)!Norwegian!Customs!(2006):!Veiledere:(Klassifisering(av(varer,(temahefte.!!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 20 !!OECD! (2005):! ’Opening! Markets! for! Environmental! Goods! and! Services’,! Policy! Brief!September!2005,!Organisation(for(Economic(CoBoperation(and(Development.!Sugathan,! M.! (2013):!Lists( of( Environmental( Goods:( An( Overview,! Information! Note.!December! 2013,! International! Centre! for! Trade! and! Sustainable! Development,! Geneva,!Switzerland,!www.ictsd.org.!!Sugathan,! M.! &! Th.! L.! Brewer:! ‘APEC’s! environmental! goods! initiative:! How! climateFfriendly!is!it?’,!Bridges(Trade(BioRes(Review,!vol.!6/4,!November!2012.!TEN! (2013):! ‘NorthFSouth! divide! in! APEC! over! denomination! of! Environmental! Goods!and!Services’,!Trade(and(Environment(Newsletter:!Issue!20,!May!2013.!USTR! (2013):! ’APEC! List! of! Environmental! Goods:! Prooting! Exports,! Creating! Jobs,! and!Advancing! Green! Growth! and! Sustainable! Development’,!United( States( Trade(Representative(Fact!Sheets,!September!2012.!Veena,! J.! (2008):!Environmental( Priorities( and( Trade( Policy( for( Environmental( Goods:( A(Reality( Check,! Issue! Paper! No.! 7,! International! Centre! for! Trade! and! Sustainable!Development,!Geneva,!Switzerland,!www.ictsd.org.!!Vossenaar,! R.! (2013):!The( APEC( List( of( Environmental( Goods.( An( Analysis( of( the( Outcome(and(Expected(Impact,!Issue!Paper!No.!18,!International!Centre!for!Trade!and!Sustainable!Development,!Geneva,!Switzerland,!www.ictsd.org.!!World! Bank! (2007a):(International( Trade( and(Climate( Change:( Economic,( Legal(and(Institutional(Perspectives,!The!World!Bank,!Washington!D.C.,!USA,!www.worldbank.org.!!World! Bank! (2007b):!Warming( up( to( Trade?( Harnessing( international( trade( to( support(climate( change( objectives,! Economic! and! Sector!Work,! Environment! Department,!Sustainable!Development! Network,! The! World! Bank,! Washington! D.C.,! USA,!www.worldbank.org.!!WTO! CTESS! (2011):! “A! hybrid! approach! to! the! liberalization! of! environmental! goods!under! paragraph! 31(III)”,! JOB/TE/15,!Submission! by! Australia;! Columbia;! Hong! Kong;!China;! Norway;! and! Singapore.! 8! March.! 2011.!Committee! on! Trade! and! Environment!Special!Session,!World!Trade!Organization.!!!WTO! CTESS!(2007):! “Continued! work! under! paragraph! 31! (III)! of! the! Doha! Ministerial!Declaration”,! JOB(07)/54,! NonFpaper! by! Canada,! the! European! Communities,! Japan,!Korea,! New! Zealand,! Norway,! the! Separate! Customs! Territory! of! Taiwan,! Penghu,!Kinmen! and! Matsu,! Switzerland,! and! the! United! States! of! America.!27! April! 2007.!Committee!on!Trade!and!Environment!Special!Session,!World!Trade!Organization.!!!!!!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 21! !Annex%1:%Overview'of'the$APEC%codes%at!fourHdigit%level&&Each! of! the! 99! chapters! in! the! HS! Code! consists! of! a! number! of! categories!(fourLdigit! level)!for!product!groups.!The!54!APEC!sixLdigit!APEC!codes!figure!within!25!of!these!categories.!!Chapter!Name!No&of&APEC&codes&&&&44&Wood&–&“Wood&and&articles&of&wood;&wood&charcoal”&1&44.18!Builders’!joinery!and!carpentry!of!wood,!including!cellular!wood!panels,!assembled!flooring!panels,!shingles!and!shakes.!1!!!!84&Machinery&H&“Nuclear&reactors,&boilers,&machinery&and&mechanical&appliances;&parts&thereof.”&23&84.02!Steam!or!other!vapour!generating!boilers!(other!than!central!heating!hot!water!boilers!capable!also!of!producing!low!pressure!steam);!superBheated!water!boilers.!!1!84.04!Auxiliary!plant!for!use!with!boilers!of!heading!84.02!or!84.03!(for!example,!economizers,!superBheaters,!soot!removers,!gas!recovers);!condensers!for!steam!or!other!vapour!units.!3!84.06!Steam!turbines!and!other!vapour!turbines.!1!84.11!TurboBjets,!turboBpropellers!and!other!gas!turbines.!2!84.12!Other!engines!and!motors.!1!84.17!Industrial!or!laboratory!furnaces!and!ovens,!including!incinerators,!nonBelectric.!2!84.19!Machinery,!plant!or!laboratory!equipment,!whether!or!not!electrically!heated!(excluding!furnaces,!ovens!and!other!equipment!of!heading!85.15),!for!the!treatment!of!materials!by!a!process!involving!a!change!of!temperature!such!as!heating,!cooking,!roasting,!distilling,!rectifying,!sterilizing,!pasteurizing,!steaming,!drying,!evaporating,!vaporizing,!condensing!or!cooling,!other!than!machinery!or!plant!used!for!domestic!purposes;!instantaneous!or!storage!water!heaters,!nonBelectric.!5!84.21!Centrifuges,!including!centrifugal!dryers;!filtering!or!purifying!machinery!and!apparatus,!for!liquids!or!gases.!4!84.74!Machinery!for!sorting,!screening,!separating,!washing,!crushing,!grinding,!mixing!or!kneading!earth,!stone,!ores!or!other!mineral!substances!in!solid!(including!powder!or!paste)!form;!machinery!for!agglomerating,!shaping!or!molding!solid!mineral!fuels,!ceramic!paste,!unhardened!cements,!plastering!materials!or!other!mineral!products!in!powder!or!paste!form;!machines!for!forming!foundry!molds!of!sand.!1!84.79!Machines!and!mechanical!appliances!having!individual!functions,!not!specified!or!included!elsewhere!in!this!Chapter.!3!!!!!!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 22 !!85&!Electrical&Machinery&H&“Electrical&machinery&and&equipment&and&parts&thereof;&sound&recorders&and&reproducers,&television&image&and&sound&recorders&and&reproducers,&and&parts&and&accessories&of&such&articles.”&!11!85.01!Electric!motors!and!generators!(excluding!generating!sets).!1!85.02!Electric!generating!sets!and!rotary!converters.!2!85.03!Parts!suitable!for!use!solely!or!principally!with!the!machines!of!heading!85.01!and!85.02!1!85.04!Electrical!transformers,!static!converters!(for!example,!rectifiers)!and!inductors.!!1!85.14!Industrial!or!laboratory!electric!furnaces!and!ovens!(including!those!functioning!by!induction!or!dielectric!loss);!other!industrial!or!laboratory!equipment!for!the!heat!treatment!of!materials!by!induction!or!dielectric!loss.!4!85.41!Diodes,!transistor!and!similar!semiconductor!devices;!photosensitive!semiconductor!devices,!including!photoBvoltaic!cells!whether!or!not!assembled!in!modules!or!made!up!into!panels;!light!emitting!diodes;!mounted!piezoBelectric!crystals.!!!1!85.43!Electrical!machines!and!apparatus,!having!individual!functions,!not!specified!or!included!elsewhere!in!this!chapter.!1!!!!90!Instruments&–&“Optical,&photographic,&cinematographic,&measuring,&checking,&precision,&medical&or&surgical&instruments&and&apparatus;&clocks&and&watches;&musical&instruments;&parts&and&accessories&thereof.”&!19!90.13!Liquid!crystal!devices!not!constituting!articles!provided!for!more!specifically!in!other!headings;!lasers,!other!than!laser!diodes;!other!optical!appliances!and!instruments,!not!specified!or!included!elsewhere!in!this!Chapter.!2!90.15!Surveying!(including!photogrammetrical!surveying),!hydrographic,!oceanographic,!hydrological,!meterological!or!geophysical!instruments!and!appliances,!excluding!compasses;!rangefinders.!1!90.26!Instruments!and!apparatus!for!measuring!or!checking!the!flow,!level,!pressure!or!other!variables!of!liquids!or!gases!(for!example,!flow!meters,!level!gauges,!manometers,!heat!meters),!excluding!instruments!and!apparatus!of!heading!90.14,!90.15,!90.28!or!90.32.!4!90.27!Instruments!and!apparatus!for!physical!or!chemical!analysis!(for!example,!polarimeters,!refractometers,!spectrometers,!gas!or!smoke!analysis!apparatus);!instruments!and!apparatus!for!measuring!or!checking!viscosity,!porosity,!expansion,!surface!tension!or!the!like;!instruments!and!apparatus!for!measuring!or!checking!quantities!of!heat,!sound!or!light!(including!exposure!meter);!microtomes.!!6!90.31!Measuring!or!checking!instruments,!appliances!and!machines,!not!specified!or!included!elsewhere!in!this!Chapter;!profile!projectors.!3!90.32!Automatic!regulating!or!controlling!instruments!and!apparatus.!2!90.33!Parts!for!machines,!appliances,!instruments!or!apparatus!of!Chapter!90.!1!&!&

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 23! !Annex%2:%The$content$of$the$54$APEC%list%codes%(sixHdigit%level)&Approach!In!the!tables!below!we!describe!and!assess!each!of!the!54!APEC!list!codes.!The!table!is!built!up!in!the!following!manner:!F The!twoLdigit!Chapter!heading!is!the!standardized!text!from!the!HS!System!F The!fourLdigit!category!heading!is!the!standardized!text!from!the!HS!System!F The!sixLdigit!subLcategory!heading!is!the!standardized!text!from!the!HS!System!F The!‘Description’!row!consists!of!our!summary!of!the!description!of!this!subLcategory!in! the! HS! Explanatory! Notes! issued! by! World! Customs! Organization!(ref.! Norwegian!Customs).! In! some! cases! we! have! also! supplemented! with! even! more! detailed!information! about! the! scope,! which! is! indicated! by! the! APEC! list! exLouts.!We! have!aimed!to!demonstrate!the!often!quite!large!variety!of!products!and!uses!within!each!code.!F The! ‘Assessment! of! subLcategory’!row! shows! our! assessment! of! the!extent! to! which!the!code!contains!EGs.!We!here!differentiate!between!‘Mainly!EGs’,!‘Mainly!nonLEGs’!and!‘EGs!as!well!as!nonLEGs’!(indicating!that!it!has!a!fair!amount!of!both).!F The!‘ExLout’!row!lists!the!exLouts!mentioned!in!the!APEC!list!for!the!code!in!question.!The! text! is! here! identical! to! the! text! in! the! APEC! list.!To! highlight! this,! we! have! put!this!text!in!italics.!F The! ‘Justification’! row! lists! the! justification! provided! in! the! APEC! list! for! the! code!in!question.! The! text! is! here! identical! to! the! text! in! the! APEC! list.!To! highlight! this,! we!have!put!this!text!in!italics.!F The!‘Comment’!row!provides!our!comments!to!the!product!scope!and!assessment!of!the! need! for! exLouts! in! the!code! in! question,! and! also!our! view! of! the! exLouts!suggested!in!the!APEC!list.!We!also!here!suggest!exLouts!that!can!ensure!that!EGs!are!precisely!identified.!F The! ‘Assessment! of! APEC! exLout’! category! consists! our! assessment! of! whether! the!sixLdigit! code!with!APEC!exLouts!refers!precisely! and! only! to! EGs.! When! we! say! that!we!believe!the!APEC!exLouts!do!ensure!that!only!EGs!will!be!targeted,!we!suppose!an!ideal!situation!where!APEC!countries!apply!the!exLouts!put!forth!in!the!list.!!It!must!be!noted!that!the!detailed!assessments!in!the!tables!below!have!been!carried!out!in!a!pragmatic!manner!in!order!to!provide!a!basic!and!common!understanding!of!the!scope!of!the!codes!presented! in! the! APEC! list! and! to! what! extent! they! refer! to! EGs.! As! national! tariff!systems! vary,! it! is! impossible! in! a! study! with! a! limited!scope! such! as! this! one,!to! properly!reflect! all! nuances! and! details! in! terms! of! what! each! subLcategory! may! potentially! contain.!We! believe,! however,! that! a! consistent! assessment! at! the! level! suggested! here! provides!added! value! in! order! to! enable! a! common!and! fairly! nuanced! understanding! of! the! content!of! the! APEC! list.! The! transparency! in! methodology! should! also! allow! others! to! use! our!assessment!as!a!basis!for!more!refined!assessments.!!!!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 24 !!The!content!of!the!“Wood!&!Articles!of!wood”!code!(1)!44!Wood!;!“Wood!and!Articles!of!wood;!Wood!charcoal”!!!44.18!Builders’!joinery!and!carpentry!of!wood,!including!cellular!wood!panels,!assembled!flooring!panels,!shingles!and!shakes!44.18.72&Assembled&flooring&panels:&Other,&multilayer&Description!This!subLcategory!consists!of!assembled!flooring!panels!that!are!multilayer!and!that!are!not!for!mosaic!floors!(84.18.71).!This!includes!multiLlayered!flooring!panels!of!“tropical!wood”!and!other!types.!“Tropical!wood”!means!one!of!the!following!types!of!wood:!!Abura,!Acajou!d'Afrique,!Afrormosia,!Ako,!Alan,!Andiroba,!Aningré,!Avodiré,!Azobé,!Balau,!Balsa,!Bossé!clair,!Bossé!foncé,!Cativo,!Cedro,!Dabema,!Dark!Red!Meranti,!Dibétou,!Doussié,!Framiré,!Jongkong,!Kapur,!Kempas,!Keruing,!Kosipo,!Kotibé,!Koto,!Light!Red!Meranti,!Limba,!Louro,!Maçaranduba,!Mahogany,!Makoré,!Mandioqueira,!Mansonia,!Mengkulang,!Meranti!Bakau,!Merawan,!Merbau,!Merpauh,!Mersawa,!Moabi,!Niangon,!Nyatoh,!Obeche,!Okoumé,!Onzabili,!Orey,!Ovengkol,!Ozigo,!Padauk,!Paldao,!Palissandre!de!Guatemala,!Palissandre!de!Para,!Palissandre!de!Rio,!Palissandre!de!Rose,!Pau!Amarelo,!Pau!Marfim,!Pulai,!Punah,!Quaruba,!Ramin,!Sapelli,!SaquiLSaqui,!Sepetir,!Sipo,!Sucupira,!Suren,!Tauari,!Teak,!Tiama,!Tola,!Virola,!White!Lauan,!White!Meranti,!White!Seraya,!Yellow!Meranti.!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!nonLEGs!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Other!Assembled!Flooring!Panels,!Multilayer,!of!Bamboo!(44187210)5!Justification!(APEC!text)!Renewable!bambooBbased!products!are!substitutions!of!wooden!necessities.!Since!bamboo!is!characterized!by!short!growing!cycle,!these!environmentBfriendly!products!can!save!a!great!deal!of!water,!soil!and!air!resources.!Comment!This!subLcategory!refers!to!multiLlayered!assembled!flooring!panels!that!are!not!of!mosaic!type.!It!includes!such!flooring!panels!of!a!wide!variety!of!tropical!wood.!The!APEC!list!suggests!“of!bamboo”!as!an!exLout.!We!do!not!in!this!report!go!into!the!discussion!of!environmentally!preferable!products.!(This!is!the!only!subLcategory!in!the!APEC!list!where!such!a!justification!is!presented.)!The!production!process!involved!in!the!manufacturing!of!multiLlayered!flooring!panels!of!bamboo!will!also!be!important!to!consider!when!considering!environmental!benefits!of!using!this!product.!While!the!use!of!bamboo!in!many!cases!may!be!more!environmentally!beneficial!than!the!use!of!certain!other!types!of!wood,!we!do!not!consider!multiLlayered!flooring!panels!of!bamboo!as!such!to!be!an!EG.!One!way!to!specify!exLouts!in!this!and!similar!subLcategories!covering!biological!products,!could!be!to!specify!that!it!only!applies!to!products!that!are!environmentally!certified!by!an!independent!third!party!recognized!by!national!governments.!!!!!!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLout!does!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!5 Listed in the column “HS Code Description”, but referring to an ex-out and we have therefore placed it here.

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 25! !The!content!of!the!‘Machinery’!codes!(23)!84!Machinery!;!“Nuclear!reactors,!boilers,!machinery!and!mechanical!appliances;!parts!thereof.”!!!84.02!Steam!or!other!vapour!generating!boilers!(other!than!central!heating!hot!water!boilers!capable!also!of!producing!low!pressure!steam);!superBheated!water!boilers.!!84.02.90&Parts&for&steam&or&other&vapor&generating&boilers&(other&than¢ral&heating&hotHwater&boilers&capable&also&of&producing&low&pressure&steam);&superHheated&water&boilers.&Description!Steam!or!other!vapour!generating!boilers!refer!to!machines!that!produces!steam!or!other!vapours!(for!example!mercury!vapour)!for!the!powering!for!running!power!machines!(for!example!steam!turbines)!or!other!steam!powered!machines!(for!example!steam!hammers!or!steam!pumps),!or!delivers!steam!to!machines!for!heating,!boiling,!sterilizing!etc.!incl.!steam!boilers!for!central!heating.!Steam!or!other!vapour!generating!boilers!can!be!heated!by!different!energy!sources!(oil,!gas,!bio!pellets)!or!by!electricity.!SuperLheaters!are!highLpressure!boilers!with!water!temperatures!well!above!the!normal!point!of!evaporation.!SuperLheaters!are!used!to!deliver!heat,!usually!over!longer!distances!for!industrial!use!(for!example!for!dryingLtunnels!for!newly!lacquered!cars)!or!for!district!heating.!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mainly!nonLEG!products.!ExLouts!!!(APEC!text)!Parts!for!840219x.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!Au]!Parts!for!biomass!boilers![US]!Management!of!solid!and!hazardous!waste![BD]!Justification!(APEC!text)!Parts!for!the!biomass!boilers!described!above.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!US,!K,!HK,!Au]!Parts!for!the!boilers!for!the!production!of!heat!and!power!on!the!basis!of!(renewable)!biomass!fuels.![HK]!Part!for!biomass!boilers!for!the!production!of!heat!and!power!on!the!basis!of!renewable!biomass!fuels.!This!product!should!be!seen!in!relation!to!HS840219,!biomass!boiler.!Biomass!in!heating!systems!uses!agricultural,!forest,!urban!and!industrial!residues!and!waste!to!produce!heat!and!electricity!with!less!effect!on!the!environment!than!fossil!fuels.!This!type!of!energy!production!has!a!limited!longBterm!effect!on!the!environment!because!the!carbon!in!biomass!is!part!of!the!natural!carbon!cycle.![S,!BD]!Comment!This!code!refers!to!parts!for!different!kinds!of!steam/vapour!and!water!boilers.!The!boilers!(and!their!parts)!may!be!considered!EGs!if!they!are!designed!to!be!using!renewable!energy!sources!such!as!biomass.!We!are!uncertain!how!to!interpret!BD’s!exLout.!It!may!refer!to!superLheaters!used!to!treat!hazardous!waste,!which!clearly!is!an!important!environmental!function.!However,!such!heaters!may!often!use!fossil!fuels.!We!would!still!be!inclined!to!consider!such!superLheaters!as!EGs,!since!they!perform!an!important!environmental!function.!!Suggested!exLouts:!F Parts!for!boilers!using!renewable!energy!sources!such!as!biomass.!F Parts!for!superLheaters!used!for!waste!treatment.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLout!ensures!only!EGs.!&&84.04!Auxiliary!plant!for!use!with!boilers!of!heading!84.02!or!84.03!(for!example,!economizers,!superBheaters,!soot!removers,!gas!recovers);!condensers!for!steam!or!other!vapour!units.!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 26 !!84.04.10&Auxiliary&plant&(e.g.&economisers,&superHheaters,&soot&removers,&gas&recovers’)&for&use&with&boilers&of&heading&84.02&or&84.03&(boilers&for&steam&and&other&vapor&power&units)&Description!The!category!includes!11!types!of!auxiliary!plants!for!boilers,!such!as!feedLwater!heaters!(2!types),!superLheaters,!coolers!for!superLheaters,!steam!collectors/drums,!steam!accumulators,!heat!accumulators,!soot!removers!and!gas!recovery!units.!The!auxiliary!plants!consist!of!equipment!optimizing!the!functioning!of!the!boilers!and!does!not!have!a!mainly!environmental!purpose,!possibly!with!the!exception!of!gas!recovery!units.!Gas!recovery!units!capture!smoke!gas!in!order!to!ensure!full!consumption!of!particles.!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mainly!contains!nonLEG!products!ExLouts!!!(APEC!text)!Auxiliary!plant!for!use!with!840219x.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!Au]!For!central!heating!boilers!of!heading!84.03![M,!BD]!Justification!(APEC!text)!Components!of!industrial!air!pollution!control!plant!which!minimise!the!release!of!pollutants!into!the!atmosphere.!This!equipment!is!also!used!to!support!waste!heat!recovery!processes!in!waste!treatment,!or!renewable!energy!resource!recovery!applications.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!Au,!BD]!Components!of!industrial!air!pollution!control!plant!which!minimise!the!release!of!pollutants!into!the!atmosphere.!This!equipment!is!also!used!to!support!waste!heat!recovery!processes!in!waste!treatment,![biomass!energy!generation!B!US!only]!and!other!renewable!energy!resource!recovery!applications.![US,!HK,!M]!These!are!soot!removers!and!components!of!industrial!air!pollution!control!plant,!which!minimise!the!release!of!pollutants!into!the!atmosphere.!This!equipment!is!also!used!to!support!waste!heat!recovery!processes!in!waste!treatment!or!renewable!energy!resource!recovery!applications.![S]!Comment!This!category!seems!to!largely!contain!nonLEGs,!but!it!also!contains!EGs!such!as!gas!recovery!units,!auxiliary!equipment!for!use!with!biomass!boilers!(ref.!84.02.19),!heat!recovery!in!waste!treatment!and!other!heat!recovery!units.!For!this!code!to!refer!specifically!and!only!to!EGs!it!should!be!followed!by!exLouts!specifying!that!it!only!pertains!to!these!types!of!products.!One!exLout!refers!to!central!heating!boilers!of!heading!84.03,!which!contains!boilers!using!all!kinds!of!fuel!(such!as!biofuels,!coal,!coke,!gas,!or!oil).!We!do!not!consider!such!boilers!as!EGs,!as!they!often!use!fossil!fuels.!!Suggested!exLouts:!F Gas!recovery!units.!F Auxiliary!plant!for!use!with!boilers!fuelled!with!biomass.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLout!does!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!SubLcategory!contains!EGs!not!mentioned!in!exLouts.!84.04.20&Condensers&for&steam&or&other&vapour&power&units.&Description!The!main!purpose!of!the!condensers!is!to!reduce!counterLpressure!(by!cooling!and!condensation)!and!thereby!increase!the!power.!The!cooling!also!allows!for!removal!of!contaminants,!but!this!is!not!the!main!purpose.!The!category!does!not!comprise!apparatus!for!filtering!or!cleansing!of!water,!gases!etc.!(which!are!covered!by!84.21),!although!they!may!be!used!in!boiler!rooms.!!!!!!Assessment!of!!subLcategory!Mainly!contains!nonLEG!products.!ExLouts!!!!(APEC!text)!B!Justification!(APEC!text)!Used!to!cool!gas!streams!to!temperatures!that!allow!the!removal!of!contaminants,!e.g.!volatile!organic!compounds!(VOC)!like!benzene.!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 27! !Comment!This!code!refers!to!condensers!that!do!not!primarily!have!an!environmental!purpose,!but!in!some!cases!they!function!in!a!way!that!also!allows!for!removal!of!contaminants.!We!do!not!consider!these!products!to!be!EGs,!as!they!do!not!mainly!have!an!environmental!function.!!Suggested!exLouts:!F Condensers!for!steam/vapour!power!units!designed!to!allow!the!removal!of!contaminants.!!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLout!does!not!ensure!only!EGs.!SubLcategory!contains!EGs!not!mentioned!in!exLouts.!84.04.90&Parts&for&auxiliary&plant&for&use&with&boilers&of&heading&84.02&or&84.03&(840410)&and&for&boilers&for&steam&and&other&vapor&power&units&(840420).&Description!This!is!parts!for!84.04.10!and!84.04.20,!see!above.!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mainly!contains!nonLEG!products.!ExLouts!!!!!!!(APEC!text)!Air!pollution!control![BD]!Parts!for!subheading!840410100![M,!BD].6!Justification!(APEC!text)!These!parts!are!used!in!the!repair!and!maintenance!of!the!equipment!classified!under!840410!above.!This!secondary!equipment!is!also!used!to!support!waste!heat!recovery!processes,!such!as!boilers!mentioned!above,!in!waste!treatment,!or!renewable!energy!resource!recovery!applications.![C7,!J,!NZ,!US,!Au,!R,!Th,!M]!Components!of!industrial!air!pollution!control!plant!which!minimise!the!release!of!pollutants!into!the!atmosphere.!This!equipment!is!also!used!to!support!waste!heat!recovery!processes!in!waste!treatment,!or!renewable!energy!resource!recovery!applications.![BD]!Comment!For!the!code!to!refer!specifically!and!only!to!EGs,!it!should!be!followed!by!exLouts!specifying!that!it!only!pertains!to!auxiliary!plant!for!use!with!biomass!boilers!(ref.!84.02.19),!for!central!heating!boilers!using!biofuels,!for!gas!recovery!units,!and!to!condensers!designed!to!allow!the!removal!of!contaminants.!!Suggested!exLouts:!F Parts!for!auxiliary!plant!for!use!with!biomass!boilers!(ref.!84.02.19)!F Parts!for!central!heating!boilers!using!biofuels!F Parts!for!gas!recovery!units!F Parts!for!condensers!for!steam/vapour!power!units!designed!to!allow!the!removal!of!contaminants.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!ensure!only!EGs.!SubLcategory!contains!EGs!not!mentioned!in!exLouts.!!!84.06!Steam!turbines!and!other!vapour!turbines.!84.06.90&Parts&for&steam&and&other&vapour&turbines&Description!This!category!consists!of!parts!for!turbines!for!marine!propulsion!(84.06.10),!parts!for!other!turbines!of!an!output!exceeding!40!MW!(84.06.81)!and!parts!for!other!turbines!of!an!output!not!exceeding!40!MW!(84.06.82).!The!APEC!list!does!not!include!84.06.10,!84.06.81!and!84.06.82,!for!which!this!category!provides!parts.!A!steam!turbine!is!a!device!that!extracts!thermal!energy!from!pressurized!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!6!Listed!in!the!column!“HS!Code!Description”,!but!referring!to!an!exFout!and!we!have!therefore!placed!it!here.! 7 We have been informed by the APEC secretariat that this is a typo and that the text here should read ’Ca’ (for Canada) and not ’C’.

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 28 !!steam!and!uses!it!to!do!mechanical!work!on!a!rotating!output!shaft.!Because!the!turbine!generates!rotary!motion,!it!is!suited!for!driving!an!electrical!generator!and!it!is!widely!used!for!electricity!generation.!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mainly!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Optional!exBouts!may!include!parts!suitable!for!use!with!stationary!steam!turbines!over!40MW,!stationary!steam!turbines!not!over!40MW,!other!vapour!turbines;!parts!for!840681x!and!840682x![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!Au]!Parts!for!840681x!and!840682x![US]!Renewable!energy!plant![BD]!Only!for!stator!blades,!rotors!and!their!blades![R]!Justification!(APEC!text)!Parts!used!for!repair!and!maintenance!of!energy!recovery!turbines!listed!in!840681!and!840682!above.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!Au]!Parts!for!the!aforementioned!exBouts/goods!of!8406![US]!Turbines!designed!for!the!production!of!geothermal!energy!(renewable!energy)!and!coBgeneration!((CHP)!which!allows!for!a!more!effective!use!of!energy!than!conventional!generation)![BD]!Comment!This!category!refers!to!a!range!of!products,!some!of!which!(e.g.!turbines!used!for!marine!propulsion)!are!not!used!for!environmental!purposes,!and!most!of!which!may!be!used!for!environmental!as!well!as!nonLenvironmental!purposes.!Steam!turbines!are!neutral!in!terms!of!energy!source!and!thus!not!EGs!in!themselves.!Production!of!geothermal!energy!may!in!some!cases!require!specific!types!of!steam!turbines.!Cogeneration!is!often!considered!an!environmental!improvement!as!it!significantly!improves!energy!efficiency,!and!thus!steam!turbines!that!are!mainly!used!for!this!purpose!may!be!considered!EGs.!We!are,!however,!uncertain!whether!it!is!possibly!to!distinguish!between!steam!turbine!used!for!this!purpose!and!other!steam!turbines.!!While!the!reference!to!‘stator!blades,!rotors!and!their!blades’!is!a!precise!reference!to!parts!that!only!can!be!used!for!steam!turbines,!we!cannot!see!that!they!have!any!specific!environmental!function.!For!the!code!to!refer!specifically!and!only!to!EGs,!it!should!be!followed!by!exLouts!specifying!that!it!only!pertains!to!parts!for!turbines!mainly!used!in!renewable!energy!production!and!cogeneration.!Suggested!exLouts:!F Parts!for!steam/vapour!turbines!mainly!used!in!renewable!energy!production!F Parts!for!steam/vapour!turbines!mainly!used!in!cogeneration.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!84.11!TurboBjets,!turboBpropellers!and!other!gas!turbines.!84.11.82&Other&gas&turbines&of&a&power&exceeding&5,000&kW.!Description!This!category!includes!industrial!gas!turbines!that!are!designed!for!industrial!use,!and!also!turbojet!or!turboprop!driven!motors!adapted!to!other!use!than!propulsion!of!airplanes.!These!gas!turbines!are!mainly!used!in!ships!and!locomotives,!for!electric!generators!and!for!mechanical!operations!in!oil!and!gas!pipelines!and!in!petrochemical!industry.!!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mainly!contains!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Possible!exBout!may!include!gas!turbines!that!burn!natural!gas![Au]!Gas!turbines!for!electrical!generation!from!recovered!landfill!gas!(exceeding!5,000!kW)![BD]!Of!a!power!exceeding!5000!kW!but!not!exceeding!50!000!kW![R]!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 29! !Justification!(APEC!text)!Gas!turbines!for!electrical!power!generation!from!recovered!landfill!gas,!coal!mine!vent!gas,!or!biogas!(clean!energy!system).!Note!that!these!turbines!do!"exceed!5,000!kW".![Ca,!J,!HK,!NZ,!Au,!M,!BD]!Gas!turbines!for!clean!power!generation!including!recovered!landfill!gas,!coal!mine!vent!gas,!or!biogas.![US]!Gas!turbines!are!used!for!electrical!power!generation!from!recovered!landfill!gas,!coal!mine!vent!gas,!biogas!or!national!gas.!Lower!emission!of!pollutants!compared!with!traditional!fire!power!generation!methods.![S]!Comment!This!category!contains!turbines!that!are!mainly!nonLEGs.!Electricity!generation!from!gas!is!less!polluting!than!from!coal!and!other!fossil!fuels,!but!more!polluting!than!generation!from!renewable!energy!sources.!We!thus!do!not!consider!gas!turbines!as!such!to!be!EGs.8!In!some!cases,!turbines!under!this!category!may!be!used!for!environmental!purposes!such!as!electricity!generation!from!landfill!gas/biogas.!!A!more!complicated!example!is!coal!mine!vent!gas,!including!the!potent!greenhouse!gas!methane,!that!is!often!occurring!in!coal!mines!and!may!be!used!for!producing!onLsite!power.!While!such!power!generation!reduces!a!pollutant!and!produces!relatively!clean!energy,!it!is!based!on!coal!mining!(a!highly!polluting!activity)!and!the!power!it!generates!is!employed!for!local!coal!mining!operations.!We!therefore!do!not!consider!gas!turbines!for!the!use!of!coal!mining!vent!gas!to!be!environmental!products.!For!this!code!to!refer!specifically!and!only!to!EGs,!it!should!be!followed!by!exLouts!specifying!that!it!only!pertains!to!turbines!mainly!used!for!the!generation!of!electricity!from!biogas.!!Suggested!exLout:!L!Steam/vapour!turbines!mainly!used!for!the!generation!of!electricity!from!biogas!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!84.11.99!Parts&for&other&gas&turbines!Description&This!category!consists!of!parts!for!other!gas!turbines!of!a!power!not!exceeding!5,000!kW!(84.11.81)!and!other!gas!turbines!of!a!power!exceeding!5,000!kW!(84.11.82).!Examples!are!rotors!for!gas!turbines!and!parts!for!turbojet!or!turboprop!driven!motors!adapted!to!other!use!than!propulsion!of!airplanes.&Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mainly!contains!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Parts!for!841181!and!841182.!!Justification!(APEC!text)!Parts!for!gas!turbines!described!above.!Comment!This!category!contains!parts!for!equipment!that!is!mainly!nonLEG,!ref.!the!description!and!comment!to!84.11.82!above.!!Parts!for!turbines!used!for!the!generation!of!electricity!from!landfill!gas!or!biogas!is!EG.!For!this!code!to!refer!specifically!and!only!to!EGs,!it!should!be!followed!by!exLouts!specifying!that!it!only!pertains!to!parts!for!turbines!used!for!the!generation!of!electricity!from!biogas.!Suggested!exLout:!!L!Parts!for!turbines!used!for!the!generation!of!electricity!from!biogas.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!8 When discussing the relative environmental benefits of gas turbines, it is worth noting that the APEC list does not include category 84.10: Hydraulic turbines and water wheels, which undisputedly has an environmental benefit in the form of clean and renewable energy production.

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 30 !!APEC!exLout!!!84.12!Other!engines!and!motors.!84.12.90!Parts&for&other&power&machines&and&motors!Description!This!category!refers!to!parts!for!other!power!machines!and!motors!(88.12.10L84.10.80),!which!includes!seven!categories:!Reaction!engines!other!than!turbojet!motors,!Hydraulic!power!engines!and!motors,!Pneumatic!power!engines!and!motors,!Wind!driven!generators,!Motors!making!use!of!springs!and!balances,!Piston!machines!without!boilers,!Steam!powered!machines!with!boilers.!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mainly!contains!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Wind!turbine!blades!and!hubs![US]!Only!for!civil!aviation![R]!Justification!(APEC!text)!These!blades!and!hubs!are!integral!components!to!wind!turbines.![US]!Parts!thereof!wind!turbines.!Parts!used!for!repair!and!maintenance!of!wind!turbines!with!the!attendant!benefits.![S,!BD]!Comment!This!category!includes!seven!categories!of!products!of!which!only!one!(wind!powered!generators)!can!be!considered!an!EG.!However,!hydraulic!and/or!pneumatic!power!engines!and!motors!are!in!some!cases!designed!especially!for!use!in!wind!power!generation.!The!exLout!“Only!for!civil!aviation”![R]!does!not!qualify!as!an!EG.!For!this!code!to!refer!specifically!and!only!to!EGs,!it!should!be!followed!by!exLouts!specifying!that!it!only!pertains!to!parts!for!wind!driven!generators!(84.12.80)!as!well!as!hydraulic!or!pneumatic!power!engines!and!motors!that!are!designed!especially!for!use!in!wind!power!generation.!Suggested!exLouts:!F Parts!for!wind!driven!generators!F Parts!for!hydraulic!or!pneumatic!power!engines!and!motors!that!are!designed!especially!for!use!in!wind!power!generation.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!84.17!Industrial!or!laboratory!furnaces!and!ovens,!including!incinerators,!nonBelectric.!84.17.80!Industrial&or&laboratory&furnaces&and&ovens,&including&incinerators,&nonHelectric;&Other!Description!This!category!refers!to!nonLelectric!industrial!or!laboratory!furnaces!and!ovens!except!for!those!used!for!treatment!of!metals!and!minerals!or!for!baking.!This!includes!i)!coke!ovens/furnaces,!ii)!ovens!to!produce!charcoal,!iii)!rotary!kilns!for!cement!and!plaster,!iv)!ovens!used!in!the!glass!and!ceramics!industry,!v)!enamel!ovens,!vi)!ovens!especially!constructed!for!smelting,!sintering!or!heat!modification!of!fissile!materials!that!are!recovered!with!the!intention!of!recycling,!for!separation!of!irradiated!fuel!by!pyroLmetallurgical!process,!for!incineration!of!radioactive!graphite!or!radioactive!filters,!or!for!burning!of!crockery!or!glass!containing!radioactive!slag,!vii)!cremation!ovens,!and!viii)!ovens!and!furnaces!used!to!burn!waste!etc.!It!also!contains!catalytic!incinerators.!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mainly!contains!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Optional!exBouts!may!include:!waste!incinerators;!heat!or!catalytic!incinerators.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!Au,!M]!Waste!incinerators;!Heat!or!catalytic!incinerators![US]!Waste!incinerator;!Flue!gas!treatment!system!for!incinerator![BD]!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 31! !Justification!(APEC!text)!These!products!are!used!to!destroy!solid!and!hazardous!wastes.!Catalytic!incinerators!are!designed!for!the!destruction!of!pollutants!(such!as!VOC)!by!heating!polluted!air!and!oxidation!of!organic!components.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!Au,!M,!US,!BD]!Used!to!achieve!innocent!treatment!and!disinfection!of!household!waste!through!highBtemperature!incineration!disposal.!Used!for!radioactive!waste!disposal.![Ch]!Comment!This!category!includes!eight!types!of!laboratory!furnaces!and!ovens!of!which!two!are!used!for!mainly!environmental!purposes.!For!this!code!to!refer!specifically!and!only!to!EGs,!it!should!be!followed!by!an!exLout!specifying!that!it!only!pertains!to!“Ovens!especially!constructed!for!smelting,!sintering!or!heat!modification!of!fissile!materials!that!are!recovered!with!the!intention!of!recycling,!for!separation!of!irradiated!fuel!by!pyroLmetallurgical!process,!for!incineration!of!radioactive!graphite!or!radioactive!filters,!or!for!burning!of!crockery!or!glass!containing!radioactive!slag”,!“Ovens!and!furnaces!used!to!burn!waste!etc.“,!and!catalytic!incinerators.!!Suggested!exLouts:!F Ovens!especially!constructed!for!smelting,!sintering!or!heat!modification!of!fissile!materials!that!are!recovered!with!the!intention!of!recycling,!for!separation!of!irradiated!fuel!by!pyroLmetallurgical!process,!for!incineration!of!radioactive!graphite!or!radioactive!filters,!or!for!burning!of!crockery!or!glass!containing!radioactive!slag.!F Ovens!and!furnaces!used!to!burn!waste!etc.!!F Catalytic!incinerators.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLout!ensure!only!EGs.!84.17.90!Parts&for&Industrial&or&laboratory&furnaces&and&ovens,&including&incinerators,&nonHelectric!Description!This!category!refers!to!parts!for!the!categories!84.17.10!(Furnaces!and!ovens!for!the!roasting,!melting!or!other!heat!treatment!of!ores,!pyrites!or!of!metals),!84.17.20!(Bakery!ovens,!including!biscuit!ovens)!and!84.17.80!(Other,!including!eight!types!of!laboratory!furnaces!and!ovens!–!ref.!above).!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mainly!non!EG!products!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Optional!exBouts!may!include:!parts!for!841780x.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!Au]!Parts!of!waste!incinerators!and!heat!or!catalytic!incinerators.![US,!BD]!Justification!(APEC!text)!These!parts!can!help!maintain!and!repair!products!that!are!used!to!destroy!solid!and!hazardous!wastes.!Similarly,!the!parts!for!catalytic!incinerators!can!help!maintain!and!repair!items!that!can!assist!in!the!destruction!of!pollutants!(such!as!VOC)!by!heating!polluted!air!and!oxidation!of!organic!components.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!US,!K,!Au,!R,!BD]!Comment!This!category!consists!of!parts!for!84.17.10;!which!apparently!does!not!contain!EGs,!parts!for!84.17.20;!which!apparently!does!not!contains!EGs,!and!parts!for!84.17.80;!which!mostly!contain!nonLEGs!but!also!contains!three!types!of!EG!products!(ref.!description!above).!For!this!code!to!refer!specifically!and!only!to!EGs,!it!should!be!followed!by!an!exLout!specifying!that!it!only!pertains!to!parts!for!!“Ovens!especially!constructed!for!smelting,!sintering!or!heat!modification!of!fissile!materials!that!are!recovered!with!the!intention!of!recycling,!for!separation!of!irradiated!fuel!by!pyroLmetallurgical!process,!for!incineration!of!radioactive!graphite!or!radioactive!filters,!or!for!burning!of!crockery!or!glass!containing!radioactive!slag”,!and!for!“Ovens!and!furnaces!used!to!burn!waste!etc.!“,!plus!catalytic!incinerators.!!Suggested!exLouts:!F Parts!for!ovens!especially!constructed!for!smelting,!sintering!or!heat!modification!of!fissile!materials!that!are!recovered!with!the!intention!of!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 32 !!recycling,!for!separation!of!irradiated!fuel!by!pyroLmetallurgical!process,!for!incineration!of!radioactive!graphite!or!radioactive!filters,!or!for!burning!of!crockery!or!glass!containing!radioactive!slag!F Parts!for!ovens!and!furnaces!used!to!burn!waste!F Parts!for!catalytic!incinerators.!!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!84.19!Machinery,!plant!or!laboratory!equipment,!whether!or!not!electrically!heated!(excluding!furnaces,!ovens!and!other!equipment!of!heading!85.15),!for!the!treatment!of!materials!by!a!process!involving!a!change!of!temperature!such!as!heating,!cooking,!roasting,!distilling,!rectifying,!sterilizing,!pasteurizing,!steaming,!drying,!evaporating,!vaporizing,!condensing!or!cooling,!other!than!machinery!or!plant!used!for!domestic!purposes;!instantaneous!or!storage!water!heaters,!nonBelectric.!84.19.19!Instantaneous&or&storage&water&heaters,&nonHelectric,&Other&Description!The!subLcategory!84.19.19!refers!explicitly!to!nonLelectric!hot!water!heaters!of!flow!or!storage!type,!including!such!that!employ!solar!radiation!for!heating,!irrespective!of!whether!or!not!they!are!for!household!use.!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Contains!EGs!as!well!as!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Solar!water!heaters.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!US,!K,!HK,!Au,!BD]!Excluding!other!B!B!Domestic;!of!copper!and!other![M]!Solar!water!heaters![S],!Solar!water!heaters!(84191910)![Ch]9!Justification!(APEC!text)!Uses!solar!thermal!energy!to!heat!water,!producing!no!pollution.!Use!of!solar!water!heating!displaces!the!burning!of!other,!pollutionBcreating!fuels.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!US,!K,!HK,!Au,!Th]!Uses!solar!energy!to!heat!water,!producing!no!pollution.!Use!of!solar!water!heating!displaces!the!burning!of!other!pollutionBcreating!fuels.![S,!BD]!Used!for!water!heating!through!solar!energy!which!is!regenerative!and!clean!compared!to!burning!fuel.![Ch]!Comment!This!subLcategory!refers!to!nonLelectric!hot!water!heaters!that!use!varying!sources!of!energy!for!heating,!such!as!solar,!natural!gas!and!oil.!Of!these,!we!only!consider!solar!water!heaters!as!an!EG.!HeatLpump!based!water!heaters!is!another!example!of!a!nonLelectric!instantaneous!or!storage!water!heaters,!which!we!consider!an!EG,!which!may!apply!to!this!code.!For!this!code!to!refer!specifically!and!only!to!EGs,!an!exLout!specifying!that!it!only!pertains!to!solar!water!heaters!or!other!nonLelectric!renewable!energy!water!heaters!should!follow!it.!Suggested!exLouts:!L!Solar!water!heaters!and!other!nonLelectric!renewable!energy!water!heaters!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!ensure!only!EGs.!84.19.39&Dryers,&other&Description!This!category!refers!to!dryers!operating!at!relatively!low!temperatures!other!than!dryers!for!agricultural!products!(84.19.31)!and!dryers!for!products!of!wood,!paper!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!9!Listed!in!the!column!“HS!Code!Description”,!but!referring!to!an!exFout!and!we!have!therefore!placed!it!here.!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 33! !pulp,!paper!or!cardboard!(84.19.32).!The!only!examples!provided!in!the!HS!Explanatory!Notes!of!other!dryers,!are!machines!and!apparatus!used!for!evaporation!of!fissile!and!radioactive!solutions!and!drying!of!fissile!or!radioactive!products.!The!APEC!list!shows!that!it!also!contains!wastewater!sludge!dryers.!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Contains!nonLEGs!as!well!as!EG.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Sludge!dryers!Justification!(APEC!text)!Device!used!in!wastewater!management,!which!requires!sludge!to!be!treated.!Comment!This!code!seems!to!contain!sludge!dryers!that!are!used!in!wastewater!management!(an!EG)!as!well!as!dryers!used!in!the!nuclear!industry!(not!EGs).!For!this!code!to!refer!specifically!and!only!to!EGs,!it!should!be!followed!by!an!exLout!specifying!that!it!only!pertains!to!wastewater!sludge!dryers.!Suggested!exLout:!L!Wastewater!sludge!dryers!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLout!ensures!only!EGs.!84.19.60&Machinery&for&liquefying&air&or&other&gases&Description!This!subLcategory!refers!to!apparatus!and!equipment!for!condensation!of!air!or!other!gases!to!liquids,!including!apparatus!used!in!the!Linde!and!Claude!processes!for!condensation,!specially!designed!laboratory!equipment!of!limited!size!used!for!different!purposes!(such!as!sterilization!or!drying)!and!apparatus!and!equipment!for!production!of!hot!beverages!or!for!boiling,!frying!or!heating!food.!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mainly!contains!nonLEGs!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!B!Justification!(APEC!text)!For!separation!and!removal!of!pollutants!through!condensation![Ca,!J,!NZ,!US.,!K,!Au]!Air!Pollution!Control.!Used!in!condensation!to!remove!condense!contaminants!from!vapour!to!liquid!form!for!easier!removal!and!storage![Th]!Comment!This!code!contains!machinery!used!for!removal!pollutants!through!condensation!(EGs)!as!well!as!machinery!used!for!liquefying!air/gases!for!other!purposes!(nonLEGs).!!For!this!code!to!refer!specifically!and!only!to!EGs,!an!exLout!specifying!that!it!only!pertains!to!such!equipment!mainly!used!to!used!for!removal!pollutants!through!condensation!should!follow!it.!Suggested!exLout:!!L!Machinery!for!liquefying!air!and!other!gases!that!is!mainly!used!for!removal!of!pollutants!through!condensation!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!84.19.89&Industrial&machinery,&plant&or&equipment&for&the&treatment&of&materials&by&process&involving&a&change&in&temperature,¬&specified&or&included&elsewhere&Description!The!category!84.19!consists!of!a!very!wide!spectre!of!machines!and!equipment!for!the!treatment!of!materials!by!a!process!involving!a!change!in!temperature,!and!where!this!is!the!main!purpose.!The!subLcategory!84.19.89!is!an!omnibus!code!referring!to!machinery,!plant!and!equipment!of!this!type,!not!mentioned!in!the!subLcategories!84.19.10L84.19.60!(ref.!above)!and!not!in!81.19.81!(machinery,!plant!and!equipment!for!making!hot!drinks!or!for!cooking!and!heating!food).!The!HS!Explanatory!Notes!does!not!provide!more!information!about!the!content!of!this!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 34 !!code.!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Contains!EGs!as!well!as!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Evaporators!and!dryers,!for!water!and!wastewater!treatment.!Condensers!and!cooling!towers.!Biogas!reactors;!digestion!tanks!and!biogas!refinement!equipment.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!Au]!Evaporators!and!dryers,!for!water!and!wastewater!treatment.!Condensers!and!cooling!towers.!Anaerobic!biogas!reactors,!digestion!tanks!and!biogas!refinement!equipment.!PV!cell!coaters.![US]!Justification!(APEC!text)!For!processing!water!and!wastewater!and!the!separation!and!removal!of!pollutants!through!condensation.!Includes!fluidised!bed!systems!(bubbling,!circulating,!etc.)!and!biomass!boilers.!Can!also!help!anaerobic!digestion!of!organic!matter.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!Au]!For!processing!water!and!wastewater!and!the!separation!and!removal!of!pollutants.!Includes!fluidised!bed!systems!(bubbling,!circulating,!etc.)!and!biomass!boilers.!Can!also!help!anaerobic!digestion!of!organic!matter.!Wet!cooling!towers!are!very!efficient!air!scrubbers.!PV!cells!generate!renewable!energy.![US]!Used!in!producing!chlorine!dioxide.!These!instruments!are!used!to!measure,!record,!analyse!and!assess!environmental!samples!or!environmental!influences.![Ch]!Thermal!cyclers!serving!multiple!environmental!purposes.!Comment!The!exLouts!and!the!justifications!provided!by!the!APEC!countries!show!that!this!subLcategory!is!used!for!a!wide!range!of!quite!different!products!and!in!many!cases!EGs.!The!APEC!exLouts!represent!examples!of!EGs,!with!the!exception!of!thermal!cyclers!and!fluidised!bed!systems.!Thermal!cyclers!may!serve!several!environmental!purposes,!but!are!mainly!used!to!amplify!segments!of!DNA!and!to!facilitate!temperatureLsensitive!reactions!of!various!kinds!(some!which!may!serve!an!environmental!purpose)!in!laboratories.!Fluidised!bed!systems!are!not!mainly!used!for!environmental!purposes!and!are!for!instance!widely!used!in!the!food!industry.!We!thus!do!not!consider!these!machines!to!primarily!have!an!environmental!function.!Chlorine!dioxide!is!widely!used!for!water!treatment!and!we!thus!consider!machinery/equipment!for!such!production!to!be!an!EG.!(It!should!be!noted,!however,!that!chlorine!is!also!used!for!other!purposes!such!as!bleaching,!in!which!case!it!does!not!serve!an!environmental!purpose.)!For!this!code!to!refer!specifically!and!only!to!EGs,!exLouts!specifying!that!it!only!pertains!to!EGs!such!as!cooling!towers!used!for!scrubbing!air,!machines!and!equipment!specially!designed!to!process!water!and!wastewater!and!the!separation!and!removal!of!pollutants!through!condensation,!and!machines/equipment!designed!for!coating!PV!cells!should!follow!it.!Suggested!exLouts:!F Cooling!towers!used!for!scrubbing!air!F Machines/!equipment!specially!designed!to!process!water!and!wastewater!and!the!separation!and!removal!of!pollutants!through!condensation!F Machines/equipment!designed!for!coating!PV!cells.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!84.19.90!Parts&of&machinery,&plant&and&equipment&of&84.19&Description!This!subLcategory!consists!of!parts!for!category!84.19,!which!consists!of!a!wide!spectre!of!machines!and!equipment!for!the!treatment!of!materials!by!a!process!involving!a!change!in!temperature,!and!where!this!is!the!main!function!of!the!product.!!These!machines!are!mainly!used!for!industrial!purposes,!for!instance!in!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 35! !the!food!and!beverage!industries.!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Optional!exBouts!may!include:!Parts!for!8419.19!ex,!including!for!solar!boiler/water!heater;!insulation,!temperature!sensor!for!solar!boiler/water!heater;!Differential!temperature!controller!for!solar!boiler/water!heater;!Evacuated!glass!tubes!for!solar!boiler/water!heater;!Heat!pipes!for!solar!boiler/water!heater.!Parts!of!841940x,!841950x,!841960,!841989x![Ca,!J,!NZ,!CT,!Au]!excluding!8411990100,!841990200,!841990300![M]!Solar!water!heater!parts![BD]!Parts!of!Water!Heaters!(84199010)![Ch]10!Justification!(APEC!text)!Parts!used!in!the!maintenance!and!repair!of!solar!water!heaters!(etc).!which!use!solar!thermal!energy!to!heat!water,!producing!no!pollution.!!Use!of!solar!water!heating!displaces!the!burning!of!other,!pollutionBcreating!fuels.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!CT,!Au]!Parts!for!aforementioned!goods/exBouts!of!heading!8419.![US]!Parts!used!in!the!maintenance!and!repair!of!the!above!products.![S]!These!are!parts!and!accessories!for!the!solar!water!heater!classified!in!8419!and!described!above![BD]!Used!for!water!heating!through!solar!energy!which!is!regenerative!and!clean!compared!to!burning!fuel.![Ch]!Comment!This!code!includes!parts!for!a!wide!spectre!of!products!of!which!most!are!nonLEG.!The!suggested!exLouts!contain!parts!for!products!already!mentioned!in!the!APEC!list,!such!as!84.19.19!(nonLelectric!solar!water!heaters),!84.19.89!(other!machinery!incl.!wet!cooling!towers)!and!also!products!that!are!not!mentioned!in!the!APECLlist:!84.19.40!(certain!Distilling!and!rectifying!plant!machinery/products)!and!84.19.50!(certain!Heat!exchange!units).!While!machines!and!equipment!under!84.19.40!and!84.19.50!are!generally!not!employed!for!environmental!purposes,!84.19.40!does!include!separators!for!irradiated!fuel!or!treatment!of!radioactive!wastewater,!and!84.19.50!includes!units!using!nonLelectric!solar!water!heating.!!Suggested!exLouts:!F Parts!for!nonLelectric!solar!water!heaters!and!other!heaters!(under!84.19.19),!!F Parts!for!separators!for!irradiated!fuel!or!treatment!of!radioactive!wastewater!(under!84.19.40),!!F Parts!for!heat!exchange!units!using!solar!water!heating!(under!84.19.50)!F Parts!for!machinery!designed!to!enable!removal!of!pollutants!through!condensation!(under!84.19.60)!F Parts!for!cooling!towers!used!for!scrubbing!air,!machines!and!equipment!specially!designed!to!process!water!and!wastewater!and!the!separation!and!removal!of!pollutants!through!condensation,!and!machines/equipment!designed!for!coating!solar!PV!cells!(under!84.19.89).!!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!84.21!Centrifuges,!including!centrifugal!dryers;!filtering!or!purifying!machinery!and!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!10!Listed!in!the!column!“HS!Code!Description”,!but!referring!to!an!exFout!and!we!have!therefore!placed!it!here.

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 36 !!apparatus,!for!liquids!or!gases.!84.21.21!Filtering&or&purifying&machinery&and&apparatus,&for&liquids&or&gases;&For&filtering&or&purifying&water.&Description!This!category!contains!a!wide!variety!of!filters!and!apparatus!for!purification!of!water;!filters!to!produce!household!drinking!water,!filters!to!produce!clean!boiler!feed!water,!chemical!and!electromagnetic!water!purification!equipment,!and!dialyzers!using!a!membrane.!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Contains!EGs!as!well!as!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Waste!water!management![BD]!Household!filtering!or!purifying!water!machinery!and!equipment!(84212110),!Device!for!the!removal!of!Heavy!metal!ions!for!industry!uses;!Membrane!bioreactor;!High!rate!anaerobic!reactors;!reverse!osmosis!filters!for!industry!uses;!Water!purification!Machine;!EDI!ultraBpure!water!equipment!(exB84212190)![Ch]11!Justification!(APEC!text)!Used!to!filter!and!purify!water!for!a!variety!of!environmental,!industrial!and!scientific!applications,!including!water!treatment!plants!and!wastewater!treatment!facilities.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!Au]!Used!to!filter!and!purify!water!for!a!variety!of!environmental,!industrial!and!scientific!applications,!including!water!treatment!plants!and!wastewater!treatment!facilities.!This!line!also!includes!newer!water/wastewater!filtration!technologies!like!ozone!and!ultraviolet!disinfection!equipment.![US]!For!wastewater.!Used!to!filter!and!purify!water!for!a!variety!of!environmental,!industrial!and!scientific!applications!including!water!treatment!plants!and!wastewater!treatment!facilities.!For!instance,!membrane!systems!can!be!used!to!produce!water!from!wastewater,!seawater!or!brackish!groundwater,!either!through!purification!or!filtration;![S]!Such!devices!are!essential!components!for!filtration!and!purification!of!drinking!water.![Ch]!Comment!This!code!refers!to!a!product!group!that!contains!filters!and!purifying!apparatus!that!has!an!environmental!purpose!(producing!drinking!water,!water!treatment!plants,!treating!wastewater),!but!also!such!products!used!for!industrial!purposes.!We!generally!don’t!consider!the!latter!to!be!EGs!as!their!function!is!not!to!improve!the!environment.!!Suggested!exLouts:!F Filters!and!purification!equipment!used!for!making!drinking!water!F Filters!and!purification!equipment!mainly!used!in!wastewater!treatment!plants!!F Filters!and!purification!equipment!mainly!used!for!treating!wastewater.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!84.21.29!Filtering&or&purifying&machinery&and&apparatus&for&liquids:&Other.&Description!This!subLcategory!contains!filtering!or!purifying!machinery!and!apparatus!for!liquids!that!are!not!for!filtering/purifying!water!(84.21.21),!not!for!filtering/purifying!beverages!other!than!water!(84.21.22),!and!not!oil!or!petrol!filters!for!internal!combustion!engines.!This!includes!filters!used!for!producing!synthetic!textiles,!press!filters!which!for!instance!is!commonly!used!to!dewater!highLsolid!slurries!in!metal!processing,!chemicals!industry!and!in!agricultural!production!(sugar,!brewing!of!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!11 Listed in the column “HS Code Description”, but referring to an ex-out and we have therefore placed it here.!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 37! !beer,!wine!making),!rotary!drum!filters!and!intermittent!vacuum!filters!for!fluids,!as!well!as!ion!exchange!apparatus!(including!those!working!by!electroLdialysis)!and!separators!(for!instance!used!for!determining!the!sulphate!content!of!ground!water!and!aqueous!soil!extracts)!and!chemical!separators!(used!for!irradiated!fuel!and!wastewater!treatment).!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!contain!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Refrigerant!recovery!and!recycling!units.![US]!Excluding!oil!filter!and!for!use!in!oil!drilling!operation![M]!Press!Filters!(84212910);!etching!solution!recycling!equipment!for!printed!circuit!board;!equipment!for!the!recycling!and!treatment!of!reclaimed!water;!ion!exchanger;!complete!sets!of!equipment!for!alkali!recovery!of!black!liquor;!aerator;!electrodialysis!device!(exB84212990)![Ch]12!Justification!(APEC!text)!Used!to!remove!contaminants!from!wastewater,!by!chemical!recovery,!oil/water!separation,!screening!or!straining.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K]!These!units!recover!both!liquid!and!gaseous!refrigerants!from!refrigeration!and!air!conditioning!equipment!and!purify!the!refrigerant!after!its!recovery.!This!process!prevents!the!emission!of!a!variety!of!air!pollutants.![US]!Excluding!other!filters!of!a!kind!used!as!components!in!motor!vehicles.![Au]!Used!for!filteration!by!injecting!mechanical!force!on!filtering!media.![Ch]!Etching!solution!is!an!essential!component!of!PCB!etching!but!is!on!kind!of!high!pollutant.!These!equipment!are!designed!for!recycleBprocessingBreuse!of!etching!solution!through!solvent!extraction,!membrane!treatment!and!electrode!method.![Ch]!These!equipment!are!used!to!turn!wastewater!into!nonpotable!water,!which!can!be!widely!applied!in!irrigation,!afforestation,!flushing!supply,!etc.![Ch]!These!equipments!are!designed!for!water!softening,!alkali!removal!and!desalination!by!ion!exchange!resins!swaping!bits!of!themselves!with!ions!which!have!same!electrical!property!in!the!preBtreated!water!under!certain!conditions.![Ch]!These!equipment,!designed!for!the!purification!and!recycling!of!black!liquor,!effectively!eliminate!pollution!and!improve!resource!utilization.!Applications!include!pulp!washing!machine,!preBhung!filter,!puttingBdown!machine,!causticizer,!etc.![Ch]!Aerators!both!above!and!below!the!water's!surface!are!essential!components!of!oxygenic!aeration!of!drainage.![Ch]!Electrodialyzers!exploit!ion!exchange!membrane!and!DC!electric!field,!making!electrolytes!develop!migration!selectivity,!thereby!desalinate!the!water.![Ch]!Comment!This!subLcategory!refers!to!many!types!of!filtering/purification!equipment,!many!of!which!are!not!EGs.!The!exLouts!refer!to!equipment!used!to!recover!refrigerants!(many!refrigerants!are!important!ozone!depleting!and!global!warming!inducing!compounds!that!are!the!focus!of!worldwide!regulatory!scrutiny),!equipment!to!remove!contaminants!from!wastewater,!and!equipment!for!recycling!of!liquids!with!an!environmental!purpose!(such!as!equipment!for!alkali!recovery!of!black!liquor).!We!consider!these!to!be!EGs.!The!exLouts!also!refer!to!press!filters!(which!are!used!for!a!wide!variety!of!industrial!purposes!that!are!not!environmental!L!ref.!description!above),!and!to!aerators,!(which!covers!various!devices!used!for!mixing!air!with!another!substance!such!as!water,!soil!or!wine,!and!sometimes!has!an!environmental!purpose.!We!do!not!consider!press!filters!and!aerators!to!be!EGs,!unless!they!are!designed!for!environmental!purposes.!Ion!exchange!apparatus/separators!and!electrodialysis!devices!may!be!used!for!water!treatment!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!12 Listed in the column “HS Code Description”, but referring to an ex-out and we have therefore placed it here.!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 38 !!but!such!equipment!belonging!to!this!code!would!appear!to!be!used!for!treatment!of!liquids!other!than!water,!in!case!of!which!we!don’t!consider!them!to!be!EGs.!!Suggested!exLouts:!F Filtering!or!purifying!machinery!and!apparatus!designed!to!recover!refrigerants!F Press!filters!designed!to!be!used!for!environmental!purposes!such!as!waste!management!F Aerators!designed!to!be!used!for!environmental!purposes,!such!as!providing!aeration!to!promote!the!biological!oxidation!of!wastewaters!F Filtering!or!purifying!machinery!and!apparatus!designed!to!recycle!etching!solutions!for!printed!circuit!boards!F Filtering!or!purifying!machinery!and!apparatus!designed!to!remove!contaminants!from!wastewater!/!reclamation!of!water!F Filtering!or!purifying!machinery!and!apparatus!designed!for!recycling!of!liquids!with!an!environmental!purpose!(such!as!equipment!for!alkali!recovery!of!black!liquor)!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!84.21.39!Filtering&or&purifying&machinery&and&apparatus&for&gases:&Other&Description!This!subLcategory!refers!to!filtering!or!purifying!machinery!and!apparatus!for!gases!that!are!not!intake!air!filters!for!internal!combustion!engines!(84.21.31).!This!is!apparatus!that!is!used!to!isolate/separate!solid!or!liquid!particles!in!order!to!either!recover!substances!of!value!(such!as!coal!dust!or!metal!particles!from!the!smoke!gas!of!ovens)!or!to!remove!harmful!substances!(such!as!dust,!tar,!etc.!from!gases!or!smoke,!or!oil!from!the!steam!of!steam!engines).!This!includes!filtering!or!purification!machinery!with!a!mechanical!or!physical!function,!such!as!fabric!filters,!grid!filters,!rotary!drum!filters,!dust!separators,!smoke!filters!and!cyclone!filters.!It!also!includes!electrostatic!filters!for!air!and!gases!(removing!dust),!scrubbers!or!absorption!towers!(flueLgas!desulphurization,!used!for!purification!of!generator!gas,!coal!gas!etc.),!and!other!chemical!filtering!and!purification!apparatus!for!air!or!other!gases!(such!as!catalytic!converters!converting!carbonLmonoxide!in!exhaust!from!motor!vehicles).!This!category!also!contains!filtering!or!purifying!machines!and!apparatus!that!are!used!for!filtering!or!purifying!air!and!gases!in!the!nuclear!power!industry,!including!separators!for!irradiated!fuel!or!for!treatment!of!wastewater.!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!EGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Optional!exBout!may!include:!Catalytic!converters!/!Gas!separation!equipment!/!Pneumatic!fluid!power!filters!rated!at!550!kPa!or!greater!/!Industrial!gas!cleaning!equipment!/!Electrostatic!filters!(precipitators).![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K]!!Excluding!other!filters!of!a!kind!used!as!components!in!motor!vehicles.![Au]!Catalytic!converters!/!Dust!collection!and!air!purification!equipment!/!Gas!separation!equipment!/!Pneumatic!fluid!power!filters!rated!at!550!kPa!or!greater!/!Industrial!gas!cleaning!equipment!/!Electrostatic!filters!(precipitators)!/!Ozone!disinfection!equipment.![US]!possible!exBout:!air!purifier!and!laminar!flow!units![M]!Laminar!flow!units,!catalytic!converter!and!carbondyoxide!removal!unit!imported!to!use!at!natural!gas!service!station![Th]!Filtering!Purifying!Machines!For!Gases!Nes,!Househ!(84213910);!Electrostatic!Dust!Collectors!For!Industry!Uses!(84213921);!Baghoused!Dust!Collectors!For!Industry!Uses!(84213922);!Cyclone!Dust!Collectors!For!Industry!Uses!(84213923);!Other!Dust!Collectors!for!Industry!Uses!(84213929);!Flue!Gas!Desulfurization!Apparatus!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 39! !(84213940);!Spraying!Saturator;!Concentrated!adsorption!B!catalytic!combustion!equipment;!Activated!carbon!fiber!B!granular!activated!carbon!equipment;!(exB84213990)![Ch]13!Justification!(APEC!text)!Physical,!mechanical,!chemical!or!electrostatic!filters!and!purifiers!for!the!removal!of!COV,!solid!or!liquid!particles!in!gases,!etc.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!Au]!Catalytic!converters!convert!harmful!pollutants,!like!carbon!monoxide,!into!less!harmful!emissions.!Other!technologies!in!this!line!include!physical,!mechanical,!chemical!and!electrostatic!filters!and!purifiers!for!the!removal!of!VOCs,!solid!or!liquid!particles!in!gases,!etc.![US]!For!wastewater.!Used!to!filter!and!purify!water!for!a!variety!of!environmental,!industrial!and!scientific!applications!including!water!treatment!plants!and!wastewater!treatment!facilities.!For!instance,!membrane!systems!can!be!used!to!produce!water!from!wastewater,!seawater!or!brackish!groundwater,!either!through!purification!or!filtration.![S]!Air!Pollution!Control![Th]!Indoor!hazardous!gas!purification!equipment,!especially!for!formaldehyde!and!benzene.![Ch]!Comment!This!subLcategory!contains!products!that!are!nonLEG!as!well!as!EG!products!such!as!scrubbers!and!separators!for!treatment!of!irradiated!fuel!or!wastewater.!Regarding!the!suggested!exLouts,!we!have!not!been!able!to!identify!any!specific!carbon!dioxide!removal!units!specifically!to!be!used!at!natural!gas!service!stations.!Suggested!exLouts:!F Catalytic!converters!used!in!air!pollution!control.!F Dust!collection!and!air!purification!equipment!used!in!air!pollution!control.!F Gas!separation!equipment!used!in!air!pollution!control.!F Pneumatic!fluid!power!filters!used!in!air!pollution!control.!F Industrial!gas!cleaning!equipment!used!in!air!pollution!control.!F Electrostatic!filters!(precipitators)!used!in!air!pollution!control.!F Ozone!disinfection!equipment!used!in!the!production!of!potable!water!–!and!to!prevent!spreading!of!diseases!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!84.21.99&Parts;&Filtering&or&purifying&machinery&and&apparatus,&for&liquids&and&gases&Description!This!subLcategory!consists!of!parts!for!filtering!or!purifying!machinery!and!apparatus!for!liquids!and!gases,!including!machinery/apparatus!for!filtering!or!purifying!water!(84.21.21),!for!filtering!or!purifying!beverages!other!than!water!(8.421.22),!oil!or!petrolLfilters!for!internal!combustion!engines!(84.21.23),!other!filtering!or!purifying!machinery/apparatus!for!liquids!(84.21.29),!filtering!or!purifying!machinery/apparatus!for!intake!air!filters!for!internal!combustion!engines!(84.21.31),!and!other!filtering!or!purifying!machinery/apparatus!for!gases!(84.21.39).!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!nonLEGs!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Parts!for!842121!and!842129![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K],!excluding!parts!for!other!filters!of!a!kind!used!as!components!in!motor!vehicles![Au].!!Parts!for!842121,!842129x!and!842139![US].!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!13 Listed in the column “HS Code Description”, but referring to an ex-out and we have therefore placed it here.

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 40 !!Excluding!for!subheadings!842123100,!842129510![M,!BD].!Parts!Of!Household!Filtering!and!Purifying!Machines!For!Gases!(84219910)![Ch]14!Justification!(APEC!text)!Including!sludge!belt!filter!presses!and!belt!thickeners![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!Au].!!Parts!for!aforementioned!goods/exBouts!of!heading!8421.![US]!Comment!This!subLcategory!consists!of!parts!for!a!number!of!product!categories!of!which!some!as!a!whole!do!not!contain!EGs!(84.21.22,!84.21.23,!84.21.31)!and!other!partly!contain!EGs!(84.21.21,!84.21.29,!84.21.39!L!as!we!have!described!above).!Suggested!exLouts:!F Parts!for!filters!and!purification!equipment!used!for!making!drinking!water!F Parts!for!ion!exchange!separators!for!production!of!freshwater.!!F Parts!for!electrodialysis!devices!for!production!of!freshwater.!F Parts!for!filters!and!purification!equipment!mainly!used!for!treating!wastewater.!F Parts!for!aerators!designed!to!be!used!for!environmental!purposes,!such!as!providing!aeration!to!promote!the!biological!oxidation!of!wastewaters!F Parts!for!filtering!or!purifying!machinery!and!apparatus!designed!to!recover!refrigerants!F Parts!for!press!filters!designed!to!be!used!for!environmental!purposes!such!as!waste!management!F Parts!for!filtering!or!purifying!machinery!and!apparatus!designed!to!recycle!etching!solutions!for!printed!circuit!boards!F Parts!for!filtering!or!purifying!machinery!and!apparatus!designed!for!recycling!of!liquids!with!an!environmental!purpose!(such!as!equipment!for!alkali!recovery!of!black!liquor)!F Parts!for!catalytic!converters!used!in!air!pollution!control.!F Parts!for!dust!collection!and!air!purification!equipment!used!in!air!pollution!control.!F Parts!for!gas!separation!equipment!used!in!air!pollution!control.!F Parts!for!pneumatic!fluid!power!filters!used!in!air!pollution!control.!F Parts!for!industrial!gas!cleaning!equipment!used!in!air!pollution!control.!F Parts!for!electrostatic!filters!(precipitators)!used!in!air!pollution!control.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!84.74!Machinery!for!sorting,!screening,!separating,!washing,!crushing,!grinding,!mixing!or!kneading!earth,!stone,!ores!or!other!mineral!substances!in!solid!(including!powder!or!paste)!form;!machinery!for!agglomerating,!shaping!or!molding!solid!mineral!fuels,!ceramic!paste,!unhardened!cements,!plastering!materials!or!other!mineral!products!in!powder!or!paste!form;!machines!for!forming!foundry!molds!of!sand.!84.74.20!Crushing&or&grinding&machines!Description!This!category!contains!crushing!or!grinding!machines!for!earth,!stone,!ores!or!other!mineral!substances!in!solid!(including!powder!or!paste)!form.!Crushers!may!be!used!to!reduce!the!size,!or!change!the!form,!of!waste!materials!so!they!can!be!more!easily!disposed!of!or!recycled,!or!to!reduce!the!size!of!a!solid!mix!of!raw!materials!(as!in!rock!ore),!so!that!pieces!of!different!composition!can!be!differentiated.!Crushing!or!grinding!machines!covered!by!the!category!include!jaw!crushers!(mainly!used!for!heavy!mining,!quarried!materials,!sand!and!gravel,!recycling),!gyratory!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!14 Listed in the column “HS Code Description”, but referring to an ex-out and we have therefore placed it here.

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 41! !crushers!(mainly!used!for!heavy!mining,!quarried!materials),!cone!crushers!(mainly!used!for!quarried!materials,!sand!and!gravel),!impact!crushers!(mainly!used!for!quarried!materials,!sand!and!gravel,!recycling),!roll!crushers!(used!in!the!cement,!chemistry,!power!station,!mines,!metallurgy,!building!materials,!refractory!and!coal!mines!and!other!industries),!hammer!mills!(used!to!shred!or!crush!aggregate!material,!used!in!many!industries!such!as!fruit!juice!production,!milling!of!grain,!shredding!of!scrap!automobiles,!and!in!waste!management),!stamping!mills!(a!type!of!mill!machine!that!crushes!material!by!pounding!rather!than!grinding,!either!for!further!processing!or!for!extraction!of!metallic!ores),!ball!grinders!(used!to!grind!materials!into!extremely!fine!powder!for!use!in!mineral!dressing!processes,!paints,!pyrotechnics,!ceramics!and!selective!laser!sintering),!and!other!machines!for!crushing!or!kneading!clay!for!further!processing!in!the!ceramics!industry.!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!nonLEGs!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Excluding!concrete!or!mortar!mixers![M,!Au]!!Justification!(APEC!text)!Used!for!solid!waste!treatment!or!recycling.!Waste!compactor!machines.!Used!for!solid!waste!treatment!or!recycling.![S]!Comment!This!subLcategory!contains!a!large!number!of!crushing!or!grinding!machines,!most!of!which!are!used!for!nonLenvironmental!purposes.!The!exLout!excludes!concrete!or!mortar!mixers,!but!this!seems!to!fall!under!another!subLcategory!in!the!HS!Code!(84.74.30).!For!this!code!to!refer!specifically!and!only!to!EGs,!it!should!be!followed!by!exLouts!specifying!that!it!only!pertains!to!crushers,!grinders!and!mills!that!are!designed!for!waste!management!purposes.!Suggested!exLouts:!L!Crushing!or!grinding!machines!designed!for!waste!management!purposes!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLout!does!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!84.79!Machines!and!mechanical!appliances!having!individual!functions,!not!specified!or!included!elsewhere!in!this!Chapter.!84.79.82!Mixing,&kneading,&crushing,&grinding,&screening,&sifting,&homogenising,&emulsifying&or&stirring&machines,¬&elsewhere&specified&in&chapter&84&Description!This!category!refers!to!mixing,!kneading,!crushing,!grinding,!screening,!sifting,!homogenising,!emulsifying!or!stirring!machines!functioning!independently!and!not!mentioned!elsewhere!in!chapter!84!(incl.!in!84.74.20,!described!above).!This!includes!mixing,!kneading,!crushing,!grinding,!screening,!sifting,!homogenising,!emulsifying!or!stirring!machines!that!are!not!designed!for!treatment!of!specific!goods!or!for!use!in!specific!industries.!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!nonLEGs!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Waste!sorting,!screening,!crushing,!grinding,!shredding,!washing!and!compacting!devices.!Agitator!for!wastewater!treatment;!flash!mixer!and!flocculator.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!US,!CT]!Other!machines!and!mechanical!appliances:!Mixing,!kneading,!crushing,!grinding,!screening,!sifting,!homogenising,!emulsifying!or!stirring!machines.![Au]!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 42 !!Waste!compactor!machines![BD]!Waste!sorting,!screening,!crushing,!grinding,!shredding,!washing!and!compacting!devices.!Agitator!for!wastewater!treatment;!flash!mixer!and!flocculator.![Au]15!Dosing!and!mixing!equipment!for!water!treatment!(exB84798200);!Recycling!equipment!for!waste!plastics!/rubber!/broken!tire!(84798200)![Ch]16!Justification!(APEC!text)!Used!to!prepare!waste!for!recycling;!mixing!of!wastewater!during!treatment;!preparing!organic!waste!for!composting;!(composting!can!minimise!the!amount!of!waste!going!to!landfill!as!well!as!recovering!the!valuable!nutrient!and!energy!content!of!the!waste).![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!CT,!Au]!Used!to!prepare!waste!for!recycling;!removing!or!shredding!the!rags!and!debris!typically!found!in!wastewater;!mixing!of!wastewater!during!treatment;!preparing!organic!waste!for!composting!(composting!can!minimise!the!amount!of!waste!going!to!landfill!as!well!as!recovering!the!valuable!nutrient!and!energy!content!of!the!waste).![US,!BD]!Waste!separator!machines.!Prepares!waste!for!recycling;!separating!waste!allows!for!more!efficient!treatment!of!each!type;!for!example,!separating!organic!waste!allows!for!composting,!which!minimises!the!amount!of!waste!going!to!landfill!as!well!as!recovering!the!valuable!nutrient!and!energy!content!of!the!waste).![S]!These!equipments!are!used!to!release!and!mix!medicament,!which!is!an!essentical!step!of!putting!flocculant!in!wastewater!in!water!treatment!industry.!These!equipments!are!designed!for!recycling!waste!tires.![Ch]!Comment!This!category!contains!a!large!number!of!machines!not!designed!for!environmental!purposes,!but!some!of!which!may!be!primarily!used!for!environmental!purposes!as!exemplified!in!the!exLouts.!!Suggested!exLouts:!F Waste!sorting,!screening,!crushing,!grinding,!shredding,!washing!and!compacting!devices.!!F Agitator!for!wastewater!treatment;!flash!mixer!and!flocculator.!!F Waste!compactor!machines.!F Waste!sorting,!screening,!crushing,!grinding,!shredding,!washing!and!compacting!devices.!!F Dosing!and!mixing!equipment!for!water.!F Recycling!equipment!for!waste!plastics!/rubber!/broken!tire.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!84.79.89&Other&machines&&&mechanical&appliances&with&individual&functions,¬&specified&or&included&elsewhere&in&this&chapter.!Description!This!subLcategory!refers!to!machines!and!mechanical!appliances!having!individual!functions!not!mentioned!elsewhere!in!chapter!84,!category!84.79,!and!the!subLcategories!84.79.81!(other!machines!and!mechanical!appliances!for!treating!metal!incl.!electric!wire!coilLwinders)!and!84.79.82!(other!mixing/!kneading/!crushing/!grinding/!screening/!sifting/!homogenising/!emulsifying/!stirring!machines!–!ref.!above).!The!content!of!this!omnibus!subLcategory!may!vary!substantially!between!different!countries.!The!APECLlist!shows!that!in!the!Chinese!Customs!Tariff,!this!subLcategory!inter!alia!contains!Air!Humidifiers!Or!Dehumidifiers!(84.79.89.20),!Machines!For!Squeezing!Radioactive!Waste!(84.79.89.50),!Suction!Machines,!Mud!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!15 Listed in the column “HS Code Description”, but referring to an ex-out and we have therefore placed it here. 16 Listed in the column “HS Code Description”, but referring to an ex-out and we have therefore placed it here.

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 43! !Scrapers,!Sand!suction!machines,!Trash!compactors,!Vacuum!extruders!for!making!hollow!brick!with!gangue!and!fly!ash,!and!(Fan)!muffler!(exL84.79.89.99).!In!the!Norwegian!Customs!Tariff,!this!subLcategory!is!broken!down!into!four!items;!Steering!machines!and!apparatus!(84.79.89.01),!ZLdrive!assemblies!for!boats!(vessels),!whether!or!not!presented!with!an!inboard!engine!(84.79.89.02),!SelfLpropelled!rotary!snow!cutters!(84.79.89.03)!and!Other!machines!and!apparatus!not!mentioned!elsewhere!(84.79.89.09).!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Optional!exBouts!may!include;!trash!and!other!waste!presses;!shredders;!dust!collection!and!storage!devices;!water!and!wastewater!collecting!and!sampling!equipment;!chlorine!generators;!equipment!for!solid/liquid!separation;!flocculation!or!thickening!of!sewage!sludge;!machinery!and!apparatus!for!landfill!gas!monitoring;!anaerobic!digesters!for!treatment!of!organic!waste!including!production!of!biogas;!machinery!and!apparatus!for!landfill!leachate!treatment;!machinery,!apparatus!and!vehicles!for!composting;!soil!sampling!equipment;!soil!remediation!equipment;!machines!and!appliances!for!oil!spill!recovery;!and!aquatic!weed!harvesters.![US,!CT]!Excluding!machines!and!mechanical!appliances!used!as!components!in!motor!vehicles.![Au]!Air!Humidifiers!Or!Dehumidifiers!(84798920);!Machines!For!Squeezing!Radioactive!Waste!(84798950);!Suction!Machine;!Mud!Scraper;!Sand!suction!machine;!Trash!compactor;!Vacuum!extruder!for!making!hollow!brick!with!Gangue!and!fly!ash;!(Fan)!muffler!(exB84798999)![Ch]17!Justification!(APEC!text)!Machines!and!appliances!designed!for!a!wide!range!of!areas!of!environmental!management!including!waste,!waste!water,!drinking!water!production!and!soil!remediation.!InBvessel!composting!systems!can!handle!large!amounts!of!waste!and!speed!up!decomposition.!Trash!compactors!reduce!the!volume!of!solid!waste,!allowing!more!efficient!transport!and!disposal.!!Very!broadly,!products!under!HS847989!are!machines!and!appliances!designed!for!a!wide!range!of!areas!of!environmental!management,!including!waste,!waste!water,!drinking!water!production!and!soil!remediation.![S]!!Parts!to!ensure!the!balance!of!indoor!humidity.!Travelling!suction!dredgers!are!designed!for!sevage!treatment!plants!and!horizontal!sedimentation!tanks!of!waterworks.!These!machines!can!scrape!and!assemble!the!sludge!to!the!mouths!of!their!pumps!and!remove!it!from!sewage!tank!whithout!stop.!![Ch]!Comment!84.79.89!is!an!open!omnibus!item!containing!machines!and!mechanical!appliances!not!mentioned!elsewhere!in!chapter!84!of!which!some!may!be!considered!to!be!EGS!and!others!may!not.!!Suggested!exLouts:!F Trash!and!other!waste!presses;!shredders;!dust!collection!and!storage!devices.!F Water!and!wastewater!collecting!and!sampling!equipment.!!F Chlorine!generators!F Equipment!for!solid/liquid!separation;!flocculation!or!thickening!of!sewage!sludge.!!F Machinery!and!apparatus!for!landfill!gas!monitoring.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!17 Listed in the column “HS Code Description”, but referring to an ex-out and we have therefore placed it here.

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 44 !!F Machinery!and!apparatus!for!landfill!leachate!treatment!F Anaerobic!digesters!for!treatment!of!organic!waste!including!production!of!biogas.!F Machinery,!apparatus!and!vehicles!for!composting.!!F Soil!sampling!equipment;!soil!remediation!equipment.!!F Machines!and!appliances!for!oil!spill!recovery.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!84.79.90&Parts&Description!This!subLcategory!consists!of!parts!for!machines!and!mechanical!appliances!of!category!84.79!(“Machines!and!mechanical!appliances!having!individual!functions,!not!specified!or!included!elsewhere!in!this!Chapter”).!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!nonLEGs!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Parts!for!847982x!and!847989x.![US,!CT]!Excluding!machines!and!mechanical!appliances!used!as!components!in!motor!vehicles.![Au]!Parts!Of!Air!Humidifiers!Or!Dehumidifiers!(84799020)![Ch]18!Justification!(APEC!text)!See!the!environmental!benefit!under!847989![Ca,!J,!NZ]!Parts!for!aforementioned!goods/exBouts!of!heading!8479.![US]!Parts!thereof!waste!separator/!compactor!machines.!Parts!used!for!the!maintenance!and!repair!of!waste!separators!and!compactor!machines,!with!the!attendant!benefits,!for!example,!membrane!systems!which!can!be!assembled!to!recover!resources!from!waste.![S]!Parts!to!ensure!the!balance!of!indoor!humidity![Ch]!Comment!This!subLcategory!consists!of!parts!for!machines!and!mechanical!appliances!of!category!84.79,!many!of!which!are!not!EGs!(ref.!description!of!84.79.82!and!84.79.89!above).!Suggested!exLouts!(parts!for!suggested!exLouts!in!.82!and!.89!above):!F Parts!for!waste!sorting,!screening,!crushing,!grinding,!shredding,!washing!and!compacting!devices.!!F Parts!for!agitator!for!wastewater!treatment;!flash!mixer!and!flocculator.!!F Parts!for!waste!compactor!machines.!F Parts!for!waste!sorting,!screening,!crushing,!grinding,!shredding,!washing!and!compacting!devices.!!F Parts!for!dosing!and!mixing!equipment!for!water.!F Parts!for!recycling!equipment!for!waste!plastics!/rubber!/broken!tire.!F !Parts!for!trash!and!other!waste!presses;!shredders;!dust!collection!and!storage!devices.!F Parts!for!water!and!wastewater!collecting!and!sampling!equipment.!!F Parts!for!chlorine!generators.!F Parts!for!equipment!for!solid/liquid!separation;!flocculation!or!thickening!of!sewage!sludge.!!F Parts!for!machinery!and!apparatus!for!landfill!gas!monitoring.!!F Parts!for!machinery!and!apparatus!for!landfill!leachate!treatment.!F Parts!for!anaerobic!digesters!for!treatment!of!organic!waste!including!production!of!biogas.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!18 Listed in the column “HS Code Description”, but referring to an ex-out and we have therefore placed it here.

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 45! !F Parts!for!machinery,!apparatus!and!vehicles!for!composting.!!F Parts!for!soil!sampling!equipment;!soil!remediation!equipment.!!F Parts!for!machines!and!appliances!for!oil!spill!recovery.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!The!content!of!the!‘Electrical!Machinery’!codes!(11)!85!Electrical!machinery!and!equipment!and!parts!thereof;!sound!recorders!and!reproducers,!television!image!and!sound!recorders!and!reproducers,!and!parts!and!accessories!of!such!articles!85.01!Electric!motors!and!generators!(excluding!generating!sets)!85.01.64!AC&generators&(alternator):&Of&an&output&exceeding&750&kVa&Description!An!alternator!is!an!electromechanical!device!that!converts!mechanical!energy!to!electrical!energy!in!the!form!of!alternating!current.!The!main!purpose!of!small!alternators!is!to!charge!batteries!in!vehicles.!Large!ones!have!a!wider!area!of!application,!like!wind!generators,!hydro!power!stations,!conventional!power!production!based!on!fossil!fuels,!hybrid!marine!propulsion!systems!and!back!pressure!steam!systems!etc.!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!contains!nonLEGs!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!To!be!used!with!turbines!and!generators!in!combination!to!produce!electricity!from!renewable!energy!fuels![BD]!Justification!(APEC!text)!Used!in!conjunction!with!boiler!and!turbines!(also!listed!under!840681!and!840682)!to!generate!electricity!in!renewable!energy!plants.!Must!use!these!turbines!and!generators!in!combination!to!produce!electricity!from!renewable!fuels!(e.g.,!biomass).!Size!is!"exceeding!750!kVA."![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!Au,!BD]!Used!in!conjunction!with!boiler!and!turbines!to!generate!electricity!in!renewable!energy!plants.!Must!use!these!turbines!and!generators!in!combination!to!produce!electricity!from!renewable!fuels!(e.g.,!biomass).![US]!Comment!An!alternator!is!an!electromechanical!device!that!converts!mechanical!energy!to!electrical!energy!in!the!form!of!alternating!current.!As!the!mechanical!energy!may!have!been!generated!by!any!type!of!energy!source!(fossile!fuels,!biomass,!wind!energy),!an!alternator!cannot!in!itself!by!called!an!EG.!Only!alternators!specifically!designed!to!be!used!in!renewable!energy!generation!are!EGs.!Suggested!exLout:!!L!Alternators!used!in!renewable!energy!generation.!!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLout!ensures!only!EGs.!!!85.02!Electric!generating!sets!and!rotary!converters!85.02.31!Other&generating&sets:&WindHpowered&Description!With!‘generating!sets’!is!to!be!understood!combinations!of!an!electric!generator!and!any!type!of!power!machine!(such!as!waterL!or!steam!turbines,!steam!machines,!wind!machines!or!combustion!engines).!This!subLcategory!only!contains!windLpowered!electric!generating!sets.!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Only!contains!EGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Amorphous!Transformers![BD]!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 46 !!Justification!(APEC!text)!Electricity!generation!from!a!renewable!resource!(wind).![Ca,!J,!NZ,!US,!K,!HK,!BD]!For!wind!turbines.!Used!to!generate!electricity!from!wind!power!B!a!form!of!renewable!energy.![S]!Some!heat!exchanges!are!specifically!designed!for!use!in!relation!to!renewable!energy!uses!such!as!geothermal!energy.!Electricity!generation!from!a!renewable!source!(wind)![M]!Used!to!produce!electricity!from!wind!energy.![Ch]!Comment!We!consider!all!windLpowered!electric!generating!sets!and!rotary!converters!to!be!EGs!as!they!make!use!of!renewable!energy.!Brunei!refers!to!‘Amorphous!Transformers’!as!an!exLout.!Amorphous!transformers!reduce!noLload!losses!of!electricity!in!power!stations!and!thus!contribute!to!energy!efficiency.!Amorphous!transformers!do!not!seem!to!belong!under!85.02.31.!L!No!exLout!necessary!as!the!subLcategory!as!a!whole!refers!to!EGs.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLout!seems!misplaced.!No!exLout!is!needed!as!code!only!contains!EGs.!85.02.39!Other&generating&sets:&Other&Description!Electric!generating!sets!that!are!not!powered!by!combustion!engines!and!not!powered!by!wind.!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Contains!mainly!EGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Optional!exBouts!may!include:!combined!heat!and!power!systems!using!biomass!and/or!biogas;!Portable!solar!power!generation!equipment;!solar!power!electric!generating!sets;!Small!hydro!powered!generating!plant;!Wave!power!generating!plant;!and!Gas!turbine!sets!for!biomass!plants![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K]!and!for!waste!heat!applications![Au]!Small!hydro,!ocean,!geothermal!and!biomass!gas!turbine!generating!sets.![US]!For!heat!recovery!systems![BD]!Biogas!generator!sets;!Gas!Generator!(exB85023900)![Ch]19!Justification!(APEC!text)!Combined!heat!and!power!systems!produce!usable!power!(usually!electricity)!and!heat!at!the!same!time.!Micro!combined!heat!and!power!systems!are!very!efficient!for!domestic!use,!particularly!in!places!where!reticulated!natural!gas!and!hot!water!central!heating!are!the!norm.!'Distributed!generation'!also!minimises!transmission!losses!through!national!grids,!reducing!the!need!to!increase!centralised!generating!capacity!and!transmission!networks.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!Au,!BD]!Electricity!generation!from!renewable!resources.![US]!Used!to!produce!electricity!from!methane.![Ch]!Comment!This!is!an!omnibus!category!that!mainly!seems!to!include!electric!generating!sets!used!in!combined!heat!and!power!systems!and!electric!generating!sets!driven!by!renewable!energy!other!than!wind.!We!consider!electric!generating!sets!driven!by!renewable!energy!and!electric!generating!sets!used!in!combined!heat!and!power!systems!where!the!energy!source!is!renewable!energy!to!be!EGs.!Suggested!exLouts:!F Electric!generating!sets!using!renewable!energy!sources!other!than!wind.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!ensure!only!EGs.!!!85.03!Parts!suitable!for!use!solely!or!principally!with!the!machines!of!heading!85.01!or!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!19 Listed in the column “HS Code Description”, but referring to an ex-out and we have therefore placed it here.!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 47! !85.02!85.03.00!Parts&suitable&for&use&solely&or&principally&with&the&machines&of&heading&85.01&or&85.02&Description!The!main!volume!of!parts!under!this!category!consists!of!caps!and!cases,!stators,!rotors,!concentration!rings,!accumulators,!brush!holders,!magnetizing!coils,!and!electric!plates!that!are!not!quadratic!or!rectangular.!!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Parts!for!850231!and!optional!exBout!may!include:!850239x.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!CT,!Au]!Parts!for!850231!and!optional!exBout!may!include:!850239x.![S]20!Parts!for!850161,!850162,!850163,!850164,!850211x,!850212x,!850213x,!850220x,!850231!and!850239x.![US]!Combined!cycle!generator!parts![BD]!Parts!of!WindBPowered!Electric!Generating!Sets!(85030030)![Ch]21!Justification!(APEC!text)!Parts!of!the!generators!and!generating!sets!listed!under!848340!(for!renewable!energy!systems).!Relevant!parts!include!for!instance!nacelles!and!blades!for!wind!turbines.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!M]!See!environmental!benefit!under!847989![CT]22!Parts!for!aforementioned!goods/exBouts!of!headings!8501!and!8502.![US]!Parts!of!the!generators!and!generating!sets!listed!under!HS!850231!(for!renewable!energy!systems).!Relevant!parts!include!for!instance!nacelles!and!blades!for!wind!turbines.!Renewable!Energy![S]!Parts!and!accessories!for!electricity!generation!from!renewable!resource.![BD]!Comment!This!is!an!omnibus!category!of!parts!for!machines!of!heading!85.01!and!85.02,!of!which!most!are!not!EGs.!Parts!for!85.02.31!(windLpowered!generating!sets)!are!EGs!(ref.!description!above)!and!parts!for!85.02.39!(other!generating!sets)!are!mostly!EGs!(ref.!description!above).!The!US!exLout!mentions!parts!for!85.01.61L64!(AC!alternators),!which!may!be!EGs!with!the!correct!exLouts!specifying!renewable!energy!sources!(re.!above).!!The!US!exLout!mentions!parts!for!85.02.11L13,!which!is!generating!sets!with!compressionLignition!internal!combustion!piston!engines!(diesel!or!semiLdiesel!engines)!broken!down!in!three!categories!according!to!output!kVa.!We!do!not!consider!these!to!be!EGs.!The!US!exLout!also!mentions!parts!for!85.02.20,!which!is!generating!sets!with!sparkLignition!internal!combustion!piston!engines.!We!do!not!consider!these!to!be!EGs.!!In!the!justification!section,!countries!refer!to!parts!for!84.79.89!(Machines!and!mechanical!appliances!having!individual!functions,!not!specified!or!included!elsewhere!in!this!Chapter:!Other!machines!and!mechanical!appliances:!Other!–!ref.!above)!and!84.83.40!(Gears!and!gearing,!other!than!toothed!wheels,!chain!sprockets!and!other!transmission!elements!presented!separately;!ball!or!roller!screws;!gear!boxes!and!other!speed!changers,!including!torque!converters).!These!include!EGs!as!well!as!nonLEGs.!Suggested!exLouts:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!20 Listed in the column “HS Code Description”, but referring to an ex-out and we have therefore placed it here. 21 Listed in the column “HS Code Description”, but referring to an ex-out and we have therefore placed it here. 22 The!environmental!benefits!(justification)!listed!under!84.79.89!is:!Machines!and!appliances!designed!for!a!wide!range!of!areas!of!environmental!management!including!waste,!waste!water,!drinking!water!production!and!soil!remediation.!InBvessel!composting!systems!can!handle!large!amounts!of!waste!and!speed!up!decomposition.!Trash!compactors!reduce!the!volume!of!solid!waste,!allowing!more!efficient!transport!and!disposal.!!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 48 !!F Parts! for! machines! used! in! energy!conversion! processes!based! on!renewable!energy!sources!F Parts! for!machines! and! appliances! designed! for! environmental!management,! including! waste,! wastewater,! drinking! water! production! and!soil!remediation.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!85.04!Electrical!transformers,!static!converters!(for!example!rectifiers)!and!inductors!85.04.90&Parts&Description&This!subLcategory!consists!of!parts!for!a!wide!range!of!electrical!transformers,!static!converters!and!inductors.!A!transformer!is!a!device!that!transforms!an!alternating!current!(AC)!input!voltage!into!a!higher!or!lower!AC!output!voltage.!A!wide!range!of!transformer!designs!is!used!in!electronic!and!electric!power!applications.!Transformers!are!essential!for!the!transmission,!distribution!and!utilization!of!electrical!energy.!A!static!converter!is!an!apparatus!that!allows!a!singleLphase!supply!to!operate!a!threeLphase!motor.!A!rectifier!is!an!electrical!device!that!converts!alternating!current!(AC),!which!periodically!reverses!direction,!to!direct!current!(DC),!which!flows!in!only!one!direction.!Rectifiers!have!many!uses,!but!are!often!found!serving!as!components!of!DC!power!supplies!and!highLvoltage!direct!current!power!transmission!systems.!An!inductor,!also!called!a!coil!or!reactor,!is!a!passive!twoLterminal!electrical!component!that!resists!changes!in!electric!current!passing!through!it.!Inductors!are!widely!used!in!alternating!current!(AC)!electronical!equipment,!particularly!in!radio!equipment.!!Assessment!of!subLcategory&Mainly!nonLEGs!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)&Parts!for!850440x.!Not!magnetic!ferrite!memory![R]!Justification!(APEC!text)&Used!to!convert!DC!current!from!renewable!energy!generating!sets!into!conventional!AC!electricity.!Comment&While!electrical!transformers,!static!converters!and!inductors!in!some!cases!are!used!for!renewable!energy!generation!processes,!they!are!most!usually!employed!for!other!purposes.!The!exLout!85.04.40!refers!to!‘Static!converters’.!We!only!consider!parts!for!electrical!transformers,!static!converters!and!inductors!to!be!EGs!if!they!refer!to!such!apparatus!that!is!mainly!used!in!renewable!energy!generation.!The!exLout!‘Not!magnetic!ferrite!memory’!refers!to!a!form!of!computer!memory.!Suggested!exLout:!F Parts! for! electrical! transformers,! static! converters! and! inductors! designed!to!be!used!in!renewable!energy!generation.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout&APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!&!85.14&Industrial!or!laboratory!electric!furnaces!and!ovens!(including!those!functioning!by!induction!or!dielectric!loss);!other!industrial!or!laboratory!equipment!for!the!heat!treatment!of!materials!by!induction!or!dielectric!loss!85.14.10&Resistance!heated!furnaces!and!ovens!Description&Electric!furnaces!and!ovens!normally!consist!of!more!or!less!closed!spaces!or!compartments!in!which!a!high!temperature!is!created.!They!are!used!for!many!purposes,!such!as!smelting,!annealing,!hardening,!enamelling,!welding!etc.!Some!of!the!most!important!types!are!retort!furnaces,!crucible!furnaces,!and!tunnel!furnaces.!!!!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 49! !Assessment!of!subLcategory&Mainly!nonLEGs!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)&Optional!exBouts!may!include:!waste!incinerators!and!heat!or!catalytic!incinerators.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!CT,!Au]!Controlled!Atmosphere!Heat!Treatment!Furnace!(85141010);!Industrial!/!Lab!Electric!Resistance!Heated!Furnace!(85141090)![Ch]23!Justification!(APEC!text)&These!products!are!used!to!destroy!solid!and!hazardous!wastes.!Catalytic!incinerators!are!designed!for!the!destruction!of!pollutants!(such!as!VOC)!by!heating!polluted!air!and!oxidation!of!organic!components.!These!instruments!are!used!to!measure,!record,!analyse!and!assess!environmental!samples!or!environmental!influences![Ch]!Comment&This!subLcategory!mainly!refers!to!furnaces!and!ovens!that!are!not!primarily!used!for!environmental!purposes.!Furnaces!and!ovens!used!to!destroy!solid!and!hazardous!wastes,!furnaces!used!mainly!for!solar!PC!production,!and!catalytic!incinerators!designed!for!the!destruction!of!pollutants,!qualify!as!EGs.!!Suggested!exLouts:!!F Furnaces!and!ovens!designed!for!incineration!of!solid!and!hazardous!waste!F Controlled!atmosphere!furnaces! for! solar!cell! substrate!heat! treatment!Incinerators!designed!for!the!destruction!of!pollutants!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout&APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!85.14.20&Furnaces&and&ovens&functioning&by&induction&or&dielectric&loss&Description&This!includes!lowL!and!high!frequency!induction!ovens!and!dielectric!ovens!including!industrial!microwave!ovens.!Dielectric!ovens!are!used!for!drying,!defrosting,!moulding!plastics,!baking!of!ceramics!etc.!Some!ovens!use!more!than!one!type!of!heating!(such!as!highL!and!low!frequency!induction!or!resistance!for!smelting!of!metals!etc.).!This!includes!ovens!for!baking!bread,!cakes!or!biscuits,!ovens!for!dental!use,!cremation!ovens,!ovens!of!incineration!of!waste,!and!ovens!for!annealing!or!hardening!of!glass.!!Assessment!of!subLcategory&Mostly!nonLEGs.!!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)&Optional!exBouts!may!include:!waste!incinerators!and!heat!or!catalytic!incinerators.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!CT,!Au]!Justification!(APEC!text)&These!products!are!used!to!destroy!solid!and!hazardous!wastes.!Catalytic!incinerators!are!designed!for!the!destruction!of!pollutants!(such!as!VOC)!by!heating!polluted!air!and!oxidation!of!organic!components.!These!instruments!are!used!to!measure,!record,!analyse!and!assess!environmental!samples!or!environmental!influences.![Ch]!Comment&This!subLcategory!mainly!refers!to!furnaces!and!ovens!functioning!by!induction!or!dielectric!loss!that!are!not!primarily!used!for!environmental!purposes.!Furnaces!and!ovens!used!for!incineration!of!waste!and!catalytic!incinerators!designed!for!the!destruction!of!pollutants,!qualify!as!EGs.!!Suggested!exLouts:!!F Furnaces!and!ovens!designed!for!incineration!of!waste!F Incinerators!designed!for!the!destruction!of!pollutants!F Controlled!atmosphere!furnaces!for!solar!cell!substrate!heat!treatment!Assessment!of!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!23 Listed in the column “HS Code Description”, but referring to an ex-out and we have therefore placed it here.

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 50 !!APEC!exLout&85.14.30&Other&furnaces&and&ovens&Description!This!includes!inductive!or!dielectric!apparatus!for!heating!(such!as!microwave!equipment),!even!if!they!don’t!have!the!shape!of!an!oven.!This!is!mainly!electric!equipment!employing!high!frequencies!usually!employed!for!heat!treatment!of!smaller!articles,!fixed!to!sheets!and!reels!customized!to!the!articles!that!are!to!be!treated.!This!includes!for!instance,!machines!for!hardening!of!crankshafts,!cylinders,!gear!wheels,!and!machines!for!drying!of!wood.!This!subLcategory!also!includes!ovens!and!other!apparatus!especially!constructed!for!pyroLmetallurgical!separation!of!irradiated!fuel,!apparatus!for!treatment!of!radioactive!waste,!and!apparatus!used!for!slagging!or!heat!treatment!of!fissile!material!recovered!for!recycling.!!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mainly!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Optional!exBouts!may!include:!waste!incinerators!and!heat!or!catalytic!incinerators.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!US,!K,!CT,!Au]!Justification!(APEC!text)!Catalytic!incinerators!are!designed!for!the!destruction!of!pollutants!(such!as!VOC)!by!heating!polluted!air!and!oxidation!of!organic!components.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!CT,!Au]!These!products!are!designed!for!the!destruction!of!pollutants!(such!as!VOCs)!embedded!in!solid!and!hazardous!wastes.!Pollutants!are!destroyed!by!heating!polluted!air!and!oxidizing!organic!components.![US]!These!instruments!are!used!to!measure,!record,!analyse!and!assess!environmental!samples!or!environmental!influences.![Ch]!Comment!This!subLcategory!mainly!refers!to!furnaces!and!ovens!that!are!not!primarily!used!for!environmental!purposes.!Furnaces!and!ovens!used!for!incineration!of!waste,!catalytic!incinerators!designed!for!the!destruction!of!pollutants.!Furnaces!and!ovens!especially!constructed!for!pyroLmetallurgical!separation!of!irradiated!fuel,!apparatus!for!treatment!of!radioactive!waste,!apparatus!used!for!slagging!or!heat!treatment!of!fissile!material!recovered!for!recycling,!qualify!as!EGs.!Furnaces!and!ovens!used!for!incineration!of!waste!and!catalytic!incinerators!designed!for!the!destruction!of!pollutants,!which!apparently!may!occur!in!this!category!according!to!APEC,!also!qualify!as!EGs.!Suggested!exLouts:!!F Furnaces!and!ovens!especially!constructed!for!pyroLmetallurgical!separation!of!irradiated!fuel.!F Apparatus!for!treatment!of!radioactive!waste.!F Apparatus! used! for! slagging! or! heat! treatment! of! fissile! material! recovered!for!recycling.!!!F Furnaces!and!ovens!designed!for!incineration!of!waste.!F Incinerators!designed!for!the!destruction!of!pollutants.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!85.14.90&Parts&Description!Parts!for!industrial!or!laboratory!electric!furnaces!and!ovens!(including!those!functioning!by!induction!or!dielectric!loss);!other!industrial!or!laboratory!equipment!for!the!heat!treatment!of!materials!by!induction!or!dielectric!loss.!Examples!of!parts!are!fittings,!doors,!inspection!hatches,!tables,!glass!cases,!electrode!holders,!and!metal!electrodes.!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mainly!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Optional!ex!outs!include:!Parts!for!851410x,!851430x!and!851430x.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!CT,!Au]!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 51! !Parts!for!851410,!851420!and!851430.![US]!Justification!(APEC!text)!Parts!for!the!equipment!listed!will!facilitate!the!destruction!of!pollutants!(such!as!VOC)!by!heating!polluted!air!and!oxidation!of!organic!components.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!CT,!Au]!Parts!for!aforementioned!goods!of!heading!8514.![US]!Comment!This!subLcategory!mainly!refers!to!parts!for!furnaces!and!ovens!(incl.!those!functioning!by!induction!or!dielectric!loss)!that!are!not!primarily!used!for!environmental!purposes.!Pats!for!the!exLouts!specified!for!85.14.10,!85.14.20,!and!85.14.30!specified!above,!qualifies!as!EGs.!!Suggested!exLouts:!!F Parts! for! furnaces! and! ovens! especially! constructed! for! pyroLmetallurgical!separation!of!irradiated!fuel,!!F Parts!for!apparatus!for!treatment!of!radioactive!waste,!!F Parts! for! apparatus! used! for! slagging! or! heat! treatment! of! fissile! material!recovered!for!recycling,!qualify!as!EGs.!!!F Parts!for!furnaces!and!ovens!designed!for!incineration!of!waste!F Parts!for!incinerators!designed!for!the!destruction!of!pollutants!F Parts!for!controlled!atmosphere!furnaces!for!solar!cell!substrate!heat!treatment!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!85.41!Diodes,!transistor!and!similar!semiconductor!devices;!photosensitive!semiconductor!devices,!including!photoLvoltaic!cells!whether!or!not!assembled!in!modules!or!made!up!into!panels;!light!emitting!diodes;!mounted!piezoLelectric!crystals.!85.41.40!Photosensitive!semiconductor!devices,!including!photovoltaic!cells!whether!or!not!assembled!in!modules!or!made!up!into!panels;!light!emitting!diodes!Description!The!main!types!of!photosensitive!semiconductor!devices!are:!Photoconductive!cells!(used!in!cameras,!for!precision!measurements,!automatic!door!opening!systems!etc.)!and!photovoltaic!cells!(often!used!in!light!measurement!equipment!and!in!communication!systems!using!fibre!optics!etc.).!There!are!several!subLcategories!of!photovoltaic!cells,!one!of!which!is!siliconLbased!solar!cells.!Light!emitting!diodes!are!components!transforming!electric!energy!into!visible,!infrared!or!ultraviolet!rays.!They!are!for!instance!used!to!show!or!send!data!in!control!systems.!Light!emitting!diodes!also!include!laser!diodes,!which!are!used!for!measuring!height!and!distance,!and!in!communication!systems!with!fibre!optics.!By!volume,!light!emitting!diodes!(LEDs)!main!use!today!is!for!a!variety!of!energy!efficient!lighting!purposes.!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Photovoltaic!cells,!modules!and!panels.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!US,!K,!HK,!CT,!Au,!BD]!Photosensitive!semiconductor!devices,!including!photovoltaic!cells!whether!or!not!assembled!in!modules!or!made!up!into!panels;!light!emitting!diodes![M]!Solar!Cells!(85414020)![Ch]24!Justification!(APEC!text)!Solar!photovoltaic!cells!generate!electricity!in!an!environmentally!benign!manner!(with!no!emissions,!noise!or!heat!generated).!They!are!particularly!suited!to!electricity!generation!in!locations!remote!from!an!electricity!grid.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!US,!K,!CT,!Au,!Th.!M,!BD]!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!24 Listed in the column “HS Code Description”, but referring to an ex-out and we have therefore placed it here.

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 52 !!Generate!electricity!in!an!environmentally!sound!manner!(with!no!emissions!or!noise!generated).![S]!Solar!batteries!are!ecoBfriendly!(emissionBfree,!noiseless,!nonBhear!generation)!and!are!especially!applicable!for!power!supply!in!remote!area.![Ch]!Comment!This!subLcategory!contains!a!wide!variety!photosensitive!semiconductor!devices!and!light!emitting!diodes,!most!of!which!are!not!EGs.!One!subLcategory!of!photosensitive!semiconductor!device!is!siliconLbased!solar!cells,!which!qualifies!as!an!EG!as!it!enables!solar!energy!production.!A!(large)!subcategory!of!light!emitting!diodes!is!used!for!very!energy!efficient!lighting!purposes,!and!can,!as!such,!be!considered!a!category!of!EGs.!Suggested!exLouts:!F SiliconLbased!solar!cells.!F Light!emitting!diodes!for!ordinary!lighting!purposes!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!ensure!only!EGs.!!!85.43!Electrical!machines!and!apparatus,!having!individual!functions,!not!specified!or!included!elsewhere!in!this!Chapter!85.43.90!Parts&Description!This!is!parts!for!electrical!machines!and!apparatus!with!individual!functions!not!mentioned!elsewhere!in!Chapter!85.!This!includes!parts!for!i)!particle!accelerators!(mainly!used!in!nuclear!research),!ii)!signal!generators,!iii)!mine!detectors,!iv)!mixing!units!used!in!recording,!v)!silencers,!vi)!defrosters!and!mist!removers!with!electric!resistance,!vii)!synchronizers,!viii)!electric!ignition!apparatus!for!mines,!ix)!highL!or!medium!frequency!amplifiers,!x)!machines!and!apparatus!for!galvanization!or!electrolysis,!xi)!equipment!for!ultraviolet!radiation!for!industrial!use,!xii)!electric!apparatus!for!production!and!dispersal!of!ozone!(for!instance!for!industrial!use),!xiii)!electronic!musical!modules!that!are!built!into!different!products,!xiv)!impulse!units!for!electrical!fences,!xv)!wireless!infrared!equipment!for!remote!control!of!electrical!equipment,!xvi)!electroLluminescent!equipment,!xvii)!digital!flight!recorders.!!!!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!nonLEGs.!!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Parts!for!854389x.![Ca,!Ja,!NZ,!K,!CT,!Au]!Justification!(APEC!text)!Water!disinfection.!Parts!thereof!UV!disinfection!ozonisers.!Parts!used!in!maintenance!and!repair!of!the!UV!disinfection!instruments.!UV!light!is!extremely!effective!in!killing!and!eliminating!bacteria,!yeasts,!viruses,!moulds!and!other!harmful!organisms.!UV!systems!can!be!used!in!conjunction!with!sediment!and!carbon!filters!to!create!pure!drinking!water.!Water!disinfection!Ozone!(O3)!can!be!used!as!an!alternative!to!chlorine!for!water!disinfection.![S]!These!instruments!are!used!to!measure,!record,!analyse!and!assess!environmental!samples!or!environmental!influences.![Ch]!Comment!This!subLcategory!consists!of!parts!for!equipment!that!is!mainly!nonLEGs.!The!exLout!code!85.43.89!simply!refers!to!‘Other’!(than!the!ones!listed!already!in!category!85.43).!The!APEC!list!indicates!that!APEC!countries!under!this!heading!include!parts!for!apparatus!for!UV!disinfection!(where!ultraviolet!light!is!used!to!kill!microorganisms)!that!can!be!used!for!food,!air!and!water!purification.!This!qualifies!as!an!EG.!Suggested!exLout:!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 53! !L!Parts!for!apparatus!using!UV!light!for!disinfection!!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!The!content!of!the!‘Instrument’!codes!(19)!90!Optical,!photographic,!cinematographic,!measuring,!checking,!precision,!medical!or!surgical!instruments!and!apparatus;!clocks!and!watches;!musical!instruments,!parts!and!accessories!thereof!90.13!Liquid!crystal!devices!not!constituting!articles!provided!for!more!specifically!in!other!headings;!lasers,!other!than!laser!diodes;!other!optical!appliances!and!instruments,!not!specified!or!included!elsewhere!in!this!Chapter!90.13.80&Other&devices,&appliances&and&instruments&Description!This!subLcategory!consists!of!devices,!appliances!and!instruments!that!belong!to!90.13!and!that!are!not!90.13.10!(telescopic!sights!for!fitting!to!arms;!periscopes;!telescopes)!and!not!90.13.20!(lasers,!other!than!laser!diodes).!This!includes!liquid!crystal!displays!(often!used!in!computer!monitors,!televisions,!instrument!panels!etc.),!magnifying!glasses,!peepholes!for!doors,!binoculars!that!are!parts!of!instruments!belonging!to!other!subLcategories!in!this!chapter!(such!as!instruments!for!land!surveying),!fiberscopes!for!industrial!use,!stereoscopes,!kaleidoscopes!(not!toys),!special!glass!mirrors!that!have!been!optically!adapted!(for!instance!certain!types!of!rearLview!mirrors,!mirrors!for!inspection!of!chimneys!or!pipes),!optical!signal!apparatus!using!rays!of!light!(for!instance!used!for!sending!in!Morse!code!over!longer!distances),!apparatus!for!viewing!slides!that!includes!a!simply!magnifying!lense.!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Solar!heliostats.!Justification!(APEC!text)!Heliostats!orient!mirrors!in!concentrated!solar!power!systems!to!reflect!sunlight!on!to!a!CSP!receiver.!Comment!This!subLcategory!mostly!consists!products!that!are!not!used!for!environmental!purposes,!but!in!some!cases!this!type!of!products!may!be!especially!designed!for!use!in!processes!that!can!be!considered!environmentally!friendly!(such!as!solar!energy!production).!Suggested!exLouts:!F Solar!heliostats:!mirrors!with!solar!tracking!mechanism.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLout!ensures!only!EGs.!90.13.90&Parts&and&accessories&Description!This!subLcategory!consists!of!parts!and!accessories!for!90.13.10!(telescopic!sights!for!fitting!to!arms;!periscopes;!telescopes),!90.13.20!(lasers,!other!than!laser!diodes),!and!90.13.80!(described!above).!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Parts!for!solar!heliostats!Justification!(APEC!text)!Heliostats!orient!mirrors!in!concentrated!solar!power!systems!to!reflect!sunlight!on!to!a!CSP!receiver.!Comment!This!category!mostly!consists!products!that!are!not!used!for!environmental!purposes,!but!in!some!cases!this!type!of!products!may!be!especially!designed!for!use!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 54 !!in!processes!that!can!be!considered!environmentally!friendly!(such!as!solar!energy!production).!Suggested!exLouts:!F Parts!for!solar!heliostats!(mirrors!with!solar!tracking!mechanism).!F Parts! for! appliances! and! instruments! especially! designed! to! be! used! for!environmental! purposes! (such! as! renewable! energy! production! or! waste!management).!!!!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLout!ensures!only!EGs.!!!90.15!Surveying!(including!photogrammetrical!surveying),!hydrographic,!oceanographic,!hydrological,!meterological!or!geophysical!instruments!and!appliances,!excluding!compasses;!rangefinders!90.15.80!Other!instruments!and!appliances!Description!This!subLcategory!consists!of!instruments!and!appliances!that!belong!to!90.15!and!that!are!not!90.15.10!(rangefinders),!90.15.20!(theodolites!and!tachymeters),!90.15.30!(levels),!90.15.40!(photogrammetraical!surveying!instruments!and!appliances).!This!includes!certain!oceanographic!or!hydrological!instruments!(with!(blade)!wheels!for!measuring!the!speed!of!currents,!instruments!for!registering!highL!or!low!tide),!and!certain!meteorological!instruments!of!a!number!of!types:!i)!wind!direction!indicators,!ii)!wind!speed!measurement!apparatus!–!not!anemometers!(using!fans!and!employed!for!measuring!air!currents!in!tunnels!etc.),!iii)!evaporation!measurements!instruments,!iv)!appliances!for!registering!sunshine!(with!glass!bowl,!light!sensitive!paper!etc.),!v)!instruments!for!measuring!the!speed!and!movement!of!clouds,!vi)!instruments!for!measuring!the!hightLaboveLground!of!clouds,!vii)!instruments!for!measuring!visibility,!viii)!appliances!for!measuring!rainfall,!ix),!instruments!for!measuring!the!intensity!of!solar!and!other!atmospheric!radiation,!x)!measuring!instruments!and!appliances!that!are!used!in!a!way!where!they!are!fixed!to!a!balloon!or!parachute,!xi)!theodolites!for!registration!of!the!position!of!balloons!used!for!registration!and!measurement!purposes.!It!also!includes!geophysical!instruments:!i)!Seismometers!and!seismographs!(used!for!registration!of!earthquakes!and!when!surveying!for!oil),!ii)!magnetic!or!gravimetric!geophysical!instruments!used!when!surveying!for!mineral!ores!or!oil,!electronic!magnetic!gradiometers!that!measures!the!magnetic!field!of!the!earth,!acoustic!scanning!equipment!used!for!measuring!drilling!holes,!v)!apparatus!used!for!assessing!the!gradient!of!a!drilling!hole.!!!!!!!!!!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!contains!nonLEGs.!!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!!Justification!(APEC!text)!Includes!instrument!and!appliances!necessary!for!measuring!the!ozone!layer!and!to!monitor,!measure!and!assist!planning!for!natural!risks!such!as!earthquakes,!cyclones,!tsunamis!etc.!Comment!This!subLcategory!includes!a!wide!variety!of!instruments!and!appliances!used!for!surveying!that!generally!are!not!used!specifically!for!environmental!purposes.!The!instruments!provide!data!about!the!natural!environment,!and!this!data!may!be!used!for!environmentally!beneficial!or!harmful!purposes.!Unless!instruments!in!this!category!are!especially!designed!for!use!in!specific!types!of!process!that!are!generally!considered!environmentally!beneficial!(such!as!monitoring!of!the!ozone!layer!or!renewable!(e.g.!hydro,!wind,!solar,!tidal,!wave)!energy!production),!we!do!not!consider!them!to!be!EGs.!While!instruments!used!in!forecasting!and!planning!for!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 55! !natural!disasters!are!certainly!important,!we!do!not!consider!them!to!be!EGs!in!a!strict!sense.!The!subLcategory!contains!instruments!and!appliances!that!are!used!in!mineral!and!petroleum!exploration.!Suggested!exLouts:!F Instruments!and!appliances!used!mainly!for!measuring!pollution.!F Instruments! and! appliances! used! mainly! in!connection! with!renewable!energy!generation.!!!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!90.26!Instruments!and!apparatus!for!measuring!or!checking!the!flow,!level,!pressure!or!other!variables!of!liquids!or!gases!(for!example!flow!meters,!level!gauges,!manometers,!heat!meters),!excluding!instruments!and!apparatus!of!heading!90.14,!90.15,!90.28!0r!90.32!90.26.10!For!measuring!or!checking!the!flow!or!level!of!liquids!Description!The!flow!measuring!apparatus!is!used!for!measuring!the!speed!of!currents!(in!volume!or!weight!per!time!unit)!in!open!systems!(rivers,!canals!etc.)!or!in!closed!systems!(pipes!etc.).!This!subLcategory!does!not!include!such!instruments!with!(blade)!wheels,!which!are!included!in!90.15.80!(ref.!above).!The!level!measurement!apparatus!comes!in!many!types;!flotation!measurement!appliances,!pneumatic!or!hydrostatic!instruments!measuring!the!level!in!pressure!tanks,!level!indicators!for!steam!boilers!that!show!the!levels!for!the!water!and!the!stream,!and!electric!level!measurement!instruments.!!!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!contains!nonLEGs.!!ExBouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Air!quality!monitors;!and!dust!emissions!monitors.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K]!Excluding!gauges!of!a!kind!used!as!components!in!motor!vehicles.![Au]!Air!quality!monitoring;!automated!air!quality!monitoring![BD]!Justification!(APEC!text)!Monitors!to!measure!air!pollution;!basis!for!possible!correcting!measures!(notably!in!view!of!health!effects).![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K]!Meters,!which!check!and!record!the!level!and/or!flow!of!liquids!or!gases,!are!routinely!used!during!complex!auditing!and!testing!to!ensure!the!efficient!operation!of!environmental!systems!such!as!water!and!wastewater!treatment!plants,!air!pollution!control!systems,!and!hydroelectric!facilities.![US,!CT,!Au,!BD]!These!instruments!are!used!to!measure,!record,!analyse!and!assess!environmental!samples!or!environmental!influences.![Ch]!Comment!This!subLcategory!includes!a!wide!variety!of!instruments!and!appliances!used!for!measuring!the!flow!or!level!of!liquids,!which!generally!are!not!used!specifically!for!environmental!purposes.!Unless!instruments!in!this!category!are!especially!designed!for!use!in!specific!types!of!process!that!are!generally!considered!environmentally!beneficial!(such!as!air!pollution!monitoring,!wastewater!management!or!hydrological!energy!production),!we!do!not!consider!them!to!be!EGs.!!Suggested!exLouts:!!!F Instruments!and!apparatus!used!for!measuring!pollution!F Instruments!and!appliances!used!mainly!for!wastewater!management!F Instruments!and!apparatus!used!mainly!for!hydroelectric!energy!generation.!!!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!90.26.20!For&measuring&or&checking&pressure&Description!This!subLcategory!includes!liquid!manometers!(containing!mercury,!water!or!other!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 56 !!fluids!that!does!not!mix),!metal!manometers!(containing!elements!that!are!pressure!sensitive,!such!as!membranes),!piston!manometers,!electric!manometers,!and!vacuum!measurers.!It!also!includes!maximum!and!minimum!manometers,!as!well!as!differential!manometers.!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!contains!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Excluding!gauges!of!a!kind!used!as!components!in!motor!vehicles.![Au]!Justification!(APEC!text)!Manometers!(devices!that!measure!pressure)!are!used!in!power!plants,!water!delivery!systems,!and!other!applications!such!as!monitoring!indoor!air.!There!are!two!principal!types:!digital!manometers!and!tube!manometers,!both!of!which!have!important!environmental!applications.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!US,!K,!CT,!Au]!These!instruments!are!used!to!measure,!record,!analyse!and!assess!environmental!samples!or!environmental!influences.![Ch]!Comment!This!subLcategory!includes!a!wide!variety!of!instruments!and!apparatus!used!for!measuring!or!checking!pressure,!which!generally!are!not!used!specifically!for!environmental!purposes.!Unless!instruments!in!this!category!are!especially!designed!for!use!in!specific!types!of!process!that!are!generally!considered!environmentally!beneficial!(such!as!pollution!monitoring,!wastewater!management!or!renewable!energy!production),!we!do!not!consider!them!to!be!EGs.!!Suggested!exLouts:!F Instruments!and!apparatus!used!mainly!for!measuring!pollution!F Instruments!and!apparatus!used!mainly!for!wastewater!management!F Instruments!and!apparatus!used!mainly!for!renewable!energy!generation.!!!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!90.26.80!Other!instruments!and!apparatus!Description!This!subLcategory!contains!instruments!and!apparatus!that!are!part!of!category!90.26!and!are!not!included!in!90.26.10!and!90.26.20!(ref.!above).!This!includes!heat!measurers,!such!as!used!in!hot!water!facilities!and!small!heat!measurers!installed!on!radiators!in!compartment!buildings!in!order!to!ensure!a!just!division!of!costs.!!!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Excluding!gauges!of!a!kind!used!as!components!in!motor!vehicles.![Au]!Justification!(APEC!text)!These!instruments!include!heat!meters!that!are!used!to!monitor!and!measure!the!distribution!of!heat!from!geothermal!or!biomass!district!heating!systems.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!US,!K,!CT,!Au]!Comment!This!subLcategory!includes!instruments!and!apparatus!used!for!measuring!heat,!which!generally!are!not!used!specifically!for!environmental!purposes.!Unless!instruments!in!this!category!are!especially!designed!for!use!in!specific!types!of!process!that!are!generally!considered!environmentally!beneficial!(such!as!district!heating!from!renewable!energy!sources!such!as!biomass!or!geothermal),!we!do!not!consider!them!to!be!EGs.!!Suggested!exLouts:!F Instruments! and! apparatus! used!in! districtL!and! domestic!heating! systems,!which!encourage!energy!saving.!!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!90.26.90!Parts!and!accessories!Description!This!subLcategory!contains!parts!and!accessories!for!90.26.10,!90.26.20!and!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 57! !90.26.80,!which!are!described!above.!It!also!includes!special!types!of!registration!devices!to!be!used!with!such!products.!It!also!includes!anemometers,!air!current!measurement!appliances!using!fans,!employed!for!measuring!air!currents!in!tunnels!etc.).!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!contains!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!!Justification!(APEC!text)!These!are!parts!for!the!instruments!and!devices!in!9026.10,!9026.20,!and!9026.80.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!US,!CT,!Au,!K]!These!instruments!are!used!to!measure,!record,!analyse!and!assess!environmental!samples!or!environmental!influences.![Ch]!Comment!This!subLcategory!includes!parts!and!accessories!for!a!vide!variety!of!instruments!and!apparatus!for!measuring!or!checking!the!flow,!level,!pressure!or!other!variables!of!liquids!or!gases.!Unless!the!instruments!and!apparatus!are!especially!designed!for!use!in!specific!types!of!process!that!are!generally!considered!environmentally!beneficial!(such!as!air!pollution!monitoring,!wastewater!management,!renewable!energy!production!or!district!heating!systems!using!renewable!energy!sources),!we!do!not!consider!them!to!be!EGs.!!Suggested!exLouts:!F Parts! and! accessories! for! instruments! and! appliances! mainly! used! for!measuring!pollution!F Parts! and! accessories! for! instruments! and! appliances! mainly! used! for!wastewater!management!F Parts! and! accessories! for! instruments! and! appliances! mainly! used! for!renewable!energy!generation.!!!F Parts!and!accessories!for!instruments!and!appliances!mainly!used!for!district!heating!systems!using!renewable!energy!sources.!!!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!90.27&Instruments!and!apparatus!for!physical!or!chemical!analysis!(for!example,!polarimeters,!refractometers,!spectrometers,!gas!or!smoke!analysis!apparatus);!instruments!and!apparatus!for!measuring!or!checking!viscosity,!porosity,!expansion,!surface!tension!or!the!like;!instruments!and!apparatus!for!measuring!or!checking!quantities!of!heat,!sound!or!light!(including!exposure!meter);!microtomes.!90.27.10&Gas&or&smoke&analysis&apparatus&Description!This!subLcategory!includes!a!wide!variety!of!gas!or!smoke!analysis!apparatus!used!for!analysing!inflammable!gases!(or!burnt!gases)!in!coke!ovens,!gas!generators,!blast!furnaces!etc.,!primarily!in!order!to!assess!the!content!of!carbon!dioxide,!carbon!monoxide,!oxygen,!hydrogen,!nitrogen,!and!hydrocarbons.!The!electric!gas!or!smoke!analysis!apparatus!is!mostly!used!to!measure!the!content!of!carbon!dioxide,!carbon!monoxide,!hydrogen,!oxygen,!hydrogen,!sulphur!dioxide!and!ammonia.!This!is!gas!or!smoke!analysis!apparatus!used!for!industrial!use!(in!direct!connection!with!furnaces!and!gas!generators)!and!not!for!use!in!laboratories!(which!belong!to!HS!category!70.17).!This!subLcategory!also!includes!electronic!smoke!detectors!used!in!fireplaces!and!ovens,!gas!detectors!for!use!in!mines!and!other!detectors!incl.!portable!devices!for!detecting!gas!in!mines!and!tunnels!or!detecting!leaks!in!pipes,!and!apparatus!for!measuring!the!dust!content!in!gases.!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!contains!nonLEGs.!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 58 !!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Air!pollution!emission!monitoring!systems!Automatic!NOX!and!NO2!sampler!and!measuring!apparatus;!Automatic!SO2!sampler!and!measuring!apparatus!(exB90271000)![Ch]25!Justification!(APEC!text)!Gas!analysers!are!designed!to!continuously!monitor!single!or!multiple!gas!components,!and!such!an!instrument!is!used!to!analyse!air!emissions!from!automobiles.!!To!be!used!for!monitoring!/!analysing!environmental!pollution.!ii.!Gas!analysers!are!designed!to!continuously!monitor!single!or!multiple!gas!components!and!such!an!instrument!is!used!to!analyse!air/gas!emissions.!Equipment!used!in!the!measurement,!recording,!analysis!and!assessment!of!environmental!samples!or!environmental!impact.!iv.!This!Facility!can!take!precautionary!measures!to!control!air!pollution.![M]!These!instruments!are!used!to!measure,!record,!analyse!and!assess!environmental!samples!or!environmental!influences.![Ch]!Comment!This!subLcategory!includes!a!wide!variety!of!gas!and!smoke!analysis!apparatus,!which!generally!are!not!used!specifically!for!environmental!purposes.!Unless!apparatus!in!this!category!is!especially!designed!for!use!in!specific!types!of!process!that!are!generally!considered!environmentally!beneficial!(such!as!pollution!monitoring),!we!do!not!consider!them!to!be!EGs.!Some!smoke!or!gas!analysis!apparatus!are!likely!mainly!used!in!industries!with!huge!environmental!impact,!such!as!the!mining!industry.!Suggested!exLout:!L!Gas!or!smoke!sampler!and/or!analysis!apparatus!especially!designed!for!measuring!environmental!pollution.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!90.27.20&Chromatographs&and&electrophoresis&instruments&Description&Chromatographs!are!instruments!used!to!separate!and!analyse!the!contents!of!gases!or!liquids.!Chromatographs!can!be!used!for!many!different!purposes,!such!as!to!determine!the!level!of!pollutants!in!water!supplies,!to!purify!chemicals!needed!to!make!a!product!in!a!manufacturing!plant,!a!pharmacist!may!use!it!to!determine!the!amount!of!each!chemical!found!in!each!product,!it!can!be!used!in!hospitals!to!detect!alcohol!levels!in!a!patient’s!blood!stream,!and!it!may!be!used!in!crime!scene!investigations.!Electrophoresis!instruments!are!used!to!analyse!different!solutions!(proteins,!amino!acids!etc.),!to!investigate!substances!(such!as!plasma,!hormones,!enzymes,!viruses!etc.)!or!to!study!polymerisation!phenomena.!!!!!Assessment!of!subLcategory&Mainly!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)&!Justification!(APEC!text)&Gas!and!liquid!chromatographs!use!an!analytical!method!where!a!physical!separation!of!the!sample!components!occurs!prior!to!detection.!These!instruments!can!be!use!to!monitor!and!analyse!air!pollution!emissions,!ambient!air!quality,!water!quality,!etc.!Electrophoresis!instruments!can!be!used!to!monitory!and!analyse!materials!such!as!particulates!emitted!from!incinerators!or!from!diesel!exhaust.!DNA!Sequencers,!Polymerase!Chain!Reaction!(PCR)!Systems.!Thermal!cyclers!serving!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!25 Listed in the column “HS Code Description”, but referring to an ex-out and we have therefore placed it here.

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 59! !multiple!environmental!purposes,!for!example:!Environmental!Monitoring,!Waste!Management,!Water!Treatment,!Pollution!Remediation,!Renewable!Energy,!Natural!Resources!Protection,!Endangered!Species!Protection,!Genetically!Modified!Organisms!(GMO)!Detection![S]!Comment&This!subLcategory!includes!advanced!instruments,!which!generally!are!not!used!specifically!for!environmental!purposes.!Unless!instruments!in!this!category!are!especially!designed!for!use!in!specific!types!of!process!that!are!generally!considered!environmentally!beneficial!(such!as!pollution!monitoring,!wastewater!treatment,!waste!management,!renewable!energy!production!etc.),!we!do!not!consider!them!to!be!EGs.!According!to!our!knowledge,!there!are!no!such!instruments!specifically!designed!to!be!used!for!protection!of!natural!resources!(other!than!monitoring!pollution)!of!for!protection!of!endangered!species.!!!Suggested!exLouts:!F Chromatographs! and! electrophoresis! instruments! designed! for! use! in!monitoring!of!pollutants!F Chromatographs! and! electrophoresis! instruments! designed! for! use! in!wastewater!treatment!F Chromatographs! and! electrophoresis! instruments! designed! for! use! in! waste!management!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout&APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!90.27.30&Spectrometers,&spectrophotometers&and&spectrographs&using&optical&radiations&(UV,&visible,&IR)&Description&A!spectrometer!(spectrophotometer,!spectrograph!or!spectroscope)!is!an!instrument!used!to!measure!properties!of!light!over!a!specific!portion!of!the!electromagnetic!spectrum,!typically!used!to!identify!materials.!These!instruments!operate!over!a!very!wide!range!of!wavelengths,!from!gamma!rays!and!XLrays,!ultraviolet!(UV)!light!and!into!the!far!infrared!(IR).!If!the!instrument!is!designed!to!measure!the!spectrum!in!absolute!units!rather!than!relative!units,!it!is!typically!called!a!spectrophotometer.!Spectrometers!are!used!in!scientific!research!in!many!research!fields,!such!as!astronomy!(where!it!the!most!used!equipment!beside!the!telescope),!biology,!physics,!chemistry,!medicine,!forensics,!and!also!in!many!industries.!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!contains!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!!Justification!(APEC!text)!Spectrometers!are!used!in!a!wide!range!of!environmental!applications,!including!to!identify!and!characterise!unknown!chemicals!and!in!environmental!applications!to!detect!toxins!and!identify!trace!contaminants.!They!are!also!used!for!qualitative!and!quantitative!analysis!inter!alia!in!quality!control!departments,!environmental!control,!water!management,!food!processing,!agriculture!and!weather!monitoring.!Used!in!a!wide!range!of!environmental!applications,!including!identification!of!unknown!chemicals,!toxins!and!trace!contaminants.!Also!used!for!qualitative!and!quantitative!analysis!in!quality!control!departments,!environmental!control,!water!management,!food!processing,!agriculture!and!weather!monitoring.![S]!Comment!This!subLcategory!includes!advanced!instruments!that!generally!are!not!used!specifically!for!environmental!purposes.!Unless!instruments!in!this!category!are!especially!designed!for!use!in!specific!types!of!process!that!are!generally!considered!environmentally!beneficial!(such!as!pollution!monitoring),!we!do!not!consider!them!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 60 !!to!be!EGs.!We!do!not!consider!spectrometers!used!in!various!quality!control!processes!that!are!not!explicitly!environmental!to!be!EGs.!We!don’t!consider!spectrometers!used!in!weather!monitoring!to!be!EGs.!!Suggested!exLouts:!F Spectrometers,!spectrophotometers!and!spectrographs!designed!especially!for!use!in!environmental!monitoring!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!90.27.50&Other&instruments&and&apparatus&using&optical&radiations&(UV,&visible,&IR)&Description&This!subLcategory!includes!inter!alia!polarimeters!and!photometers.!Polarimeters!are!used!to!identify!specific!molecular!properties,!!mainly!in!the!chemical!industry!and!in!food,!beverage!and!pharmaceutical!industries.!Photometers!are!instruments!for!measuring!light!intensity.!Photometers!are!widely!used!for!different!optical!processes!and!analyses,!such!as!for!determining!the!degree!of!colour!concentration,!the!degree!of!transparency!or!brightness,!the!exponential!levels!of!photographic!plates!or!films!(densitometers),!the!colour!intensity!of!different!transparent!or!nonLtransparent!substances!or!solutions.!!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mainly!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Automatic!onBline!monitor!on!UV!absorption!water!quality;!Automatic!infrared!oil!content!analyzer!(exB90275000)![Ch]26!Justification!(APEC!text)!These!instruments!can!be!used!for!chemical,!thermal,!or!optical!analysis!of!samples,!including!water!quality!photometers!which!are!used!to!determine!the!concentration!of!a!solution!from!its!colour!intensity.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!CT,!Au,!K]!These!instruments!can!be!used!for!chemical,!thermal,!or!optical!analysis!of!samples,!including!water!quality!photometers!which!are!used!to!determine!the!concentration!of!a!solution!from!its!colour!intensity.!Exposure!meters!are!used,!inter!alia,!to!control!light!sources!and!for!measurements!in!agriculture,!horticulture,!and!other!natural!resources!applications.![US]!These!instruments!are!used!to!measure,!record,!analyse!and!assess!environmental!samples!or!environmental!influences.![Ch]!DNA!Sequencers,!Polymerase!Chain!Reaction!(PCR)!Systems.!Comment!This!subLcategory!includes!advanced!instruments!using!optical!radiation!that!generally!are!not!used!specifically!for!environmental!purposes.!Unless!instruments!in!this!category!are!especially!designed!for!use!in!specific!types!of!process!that!are!generally!considered!environmentally!beneficial!(such!as!pollution!monitoring),!we!do!not!consider!them!to!be!EGs.!We!do!not!consider!such!instruments!designed!to!be!used!in!agricultural!or!horticultural!processes!and!other!natural!resources!applications,!to!be!EGs.!We!do!not!consider!such!instruments!designed!for!use!in!DNA!analysis!to!be!EGs.!!Suggested!exLouts:!F Photometers!used!for!monitoring!of!pollution/environmental!monitoring.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!90.27.80&Other&instruments&and&apparatus&!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!26 Listed in the column “HS Code Description”, but referring to an ex-out and we have therefore placed it here.

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 61! !Description&This!subLcategory!includes!a!wide!selection!of!instruments,!including!instruments!for!chemical!wet!analysis!assessing!organic!and!inorganic!contents!of!liquids!(incl.!environmental!parameters!such!as!Chemical!Oxygen!Demand!and!Total!Organic!Carbons),!apparatus!for!analysing!mineral!oils!incl.!derivates!(tar,!bitumen),!pH!measuring!instruments,!dilatometers!(measuring!volume!changes),!refractometers,!mass!spectrometers!and!magnetic!resonance!instruments.!A!refractometer!is!a!laboratory!or!field!device!for!the!measurement!of!an!index!of!refraction,!and!is!used!for!instance!in!veterinary!medicine!(to!measure!plasma!protein!in!a!blood!sample),!in!drug!diagnostics,!in!gemology!(to!help!identify!gem!materials),!in!home!brewing,!in!the!automobile!industry!(for!instance!to!measure!Ph!value!of!coolant!oils),!and!in!marine!aquariums!(to!measure!the!salinity!and!specific!gravity!of!water).!A!mass!spectrometer!is!used!to!determine!the!elemental!or!isotopic!signature!of!a!sample,!the!masses!of!particles!and!molecules,!and!to!elucidate!the!chemical!structures!of!molecules.!It!is!used!to!identify!unknown!compounds,!quantifying!the!amount!of!a!compound!in!a!sample!or!studying!the!fundamentals!of!gas!phase!ion!chemistry.!It!is!widely!used!in!analytical!laboratories!that!study!physical,!chemical,!or!biological!properties!of!compounds.!Magnetic!resonance!instruments!are!used!to!retrieve!information!about!the!nature!and!behaviour!of!materials!and!products.!Using!magnetic!resonance!instruments!can!provide!answers!to!questions!such!as!“is!the!fluoride!in!this!toothpaste!within!regulatory!limits?”,!“how!fast!can!oil!be!extracted!from!this!rock?”,!“will!this!chocolate!melt!in!the!mouth?”.!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!contains!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Optional!exBout!may!include:!For!analysing!noise,!air,!water!and!hydrocarbons!and!heavy!metals!in!soil.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!CT,!Au,!K]!Other!Mass!Spectrograph!(90278019);!PM10!automatic!sampler!and!measuring!apparatus;!Automatic!ammonia!online!monitor;!Automatic!TOD!online!monitor;!Automatic!BOD!online!monitor;!Noise!spectrum!analyzer;!Environmental!noise!monitor!(exB90278099)![Ch]27!Justification!(APEC!text)!These!instruments!include:!magnetic!resonance!instruments!which!are!used!in!biologic!and!geologic!analysis;!and!mass!spectrometers!which!are!used!to!identify!elements!and!compounds.!These!instruments!are!used!to!measure,!record,!analyse!and!assess!environmental!samples!or!environmental!influences.![Ch]!Comment!This!subLcategory!includes!advanced!instruments!that!generally!are!not!used!specifically!for!environmental!purposes.!Unless!instruments!in!this!category!are!especially!designed!for!use!in!specific!types!of!process!that!are!generally!considered!environmentally!beneficial!(such!as!pollution!or!noise!monitoring),!we!do!not!consider!them!to!be!EGs.!Instruments!for!chemical!wet!analysis!seem!to!be!widely!used!for!environmental!monitoring!purposes.!Suggested!exLouts:!F Instruments!designed!specifically!to!be!used!for!monitoring!of!pollution.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!ensure!only!EGs.!!!90.27.90!Microtomes;&parts&and&accessories&Description&This!subLcategory!consists!of!microtomes!as!well!as!parts!and!accessories!for!the!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!27 Listed in the column “HS Code Description”, but referring to an ex-out and we have therefore placed it here.

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 62 !!instruments!of!category!90.27!(described!above).!A!microtome!is!a!tool!used!to!cut!extremely!thin!slices!of!material.!Important!in!science,!microtomes!are!used!in!microscopy,!allowing!for!the!preparation!of!samples!for!observation!under!transmitted!light!of!electron!radiation.28!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Optional!exBouts!may!include:!Parts!for!902710!and!902780x.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!CT,!Au]!Justification!(APEC!text)!These!instruments!include!microtomes!which!are!devices!that!prepare!slices!of!samples!for!analysis.!Also!included!here!are!parts!of!the!instruments!classified!in!9027!and!described!above.!For!use!with!Thermal!Cyclers,!DNA!Sequencers,!Polymerase!Chain!Reaction!(PCR)!Systems,!etc.!Thermal!Cyclers,!Serving!multiple!environmental!purposes,!for!example:!Environmental!Monitoring!B!fast,!costBeffective!standard!for!pathogen!detection!from!a!broad!range!of!sample!types!including!water,!soil,!and!food;!detects!pathogen!contaminations!of!both!food!and!environmental!surface!samples!to!minimize!risks!of!food!borne!pathogens!to!public!health;!fundamental!equipment!for!surveillance!programs!monitoring!pathogens!or!viruses!that!can!pose!a!significant!risk!to!both!human!and!animal!health,!including!both!naturally!occurring!viruses!such!as!strains!of!influenza!or!organisms!that!have!potential!to!be!used!in!bioBterrorism!activities,!such!as!anthrax![S]!These!instruments!are!used!to!measure,!record,!analyse!and!assess!environmental!samples!or!environmental!influences.![Ch]!Comment!This!subLcategory!includes!microtomes!and!parts!and!accessories!for!the!advanced!instruments!of!category!90.27,!which!generally!are!not!used!specifically!for!environmental!purposes.!Unless!the!parts!and!accessories!are!for!instruments!that!are!especially!designed!for!use!in!processes!that!are!generally!considered!environmentally!beneficial!(such!as!pollution!or!noise!monitoring),!we!do!not!consider!them!to!be!EGs.!We!do!not!consider!microtomes!to!be!EGs,!unless!they!are!especially!designed!for!use!related!to!environmental!analysis!and/or!pollution!monitoring.!Suggested!exLouts:!F Microtomes! especially! designed! for! use! related! to! environmental! analysis!and/or!monitoring!of!pollution!and!bioLhazards!related!to!pollution.!F Parts! and! accessories! for! instruments! designed! especially! to! be! used! for!monitoring!of!pollution!and!bioLhazards!related!to!pollution.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!90.31&Measuring&or&checking&instruments,&appliances&and&machines,¬&specified&or&included&elsewhere&in&this&Chapter;&profile&projectors&90.31.49!Other&optical&instruments&and&appliances;&Other&!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!28!Vietnam!lists!the!following!description!in!the!“HS!Code!Description”!column:!Instruments!and!apparatus!for!physical!or!chemical!analysis!(for!example,!polarimeters,!refractometers,!spectrometers,!gas!or!smoke!analysis!apparatus);!instruments!and!apparatus!for!measuring!or!checking!viscosity,!porosity,!expansion,!surface!tension!or!the!like;!instruments!and!apparatus!for!measuring!or!checking!quantities!of!heat,!sound!or!light!(including!exposure!meters);!microtomes:!microtomes;!parts!and!accessories![V]!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 63! !Description&This!subLcategory!refers!to!optical!instruments!and!appliances!that!are!not!mentioned!elsewhere!and!that!are!not!“for!inspecting!semiconductor!wafers!or!devices!or!for!inspecting!photomasks!or!reticles!used!in!manufacturing!semiconductor!services“!(90.31.41).!This!includes!instruments!such!as!appliances!assisting!in!improvement!of!sight,!optical!comparators!(used!to!inspect!manufactured!parts),!interferometers!(used!in!astronomy,!fibre!optics,!metrology,!oceanography,!seismology,!quantum!mechanics,!nuclear!and!particle!physics,!surface!profiling!etc.),!optical!surface!testers,!apparatus!for!photographic!registration!and!measurement!of!profiles!and!surfaces,!optical!instruments!used!for!alignment,!optical!rulers,!optical!goniometers!(instruments!that!either!measures!an!angle!or!allows!an!object!to!be!rotated!to!a!precise!angular!position!–!used!for!instance!for!direction!finding!in!signals!intelligence!for!military!and!civil!purposes,!and!among!medical!practitioners),!and!profile!projectors!(used!to!control!the!form!and!dimensions!of!different!products!by!quality!control!assessment!staff). Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!contains!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Optional!exBouts!include:!Profile!projectors;!Vibrometers;!Hand!vibration!meters.![US]!Optical!Grating!Measuring!Device!(90314920);!Other!Optical!Instruments!&!Appliances!(90314990)![Ch]!Justification!(APEC!text)!Equipment!used!in!the!measurement,!recording,!analysis!and!assessment!of!environmental!samples!or!environmental!impact.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!CT,!Au]!Profile!projectors!are!used!for!critical!tasks!in!engineering!such!as!measuring!and!inspecting!high!precision,!complex!parts!in!many!applications!and!industries.!Equipment!used!in!the!measurement,!recording,!analysis!and!assessment!of!environmental!samples!or!environmental!impact.!These!products!include!inter!alia,!items!such!as!vibrometers!(that!measure!vibrations!and!assess!structural!and!other!effects!of!such!vibrations)![US]!These!instruments!are!used!to!measure,!record,!analyse!and!assess!environmental!samples!or!environmental!influences.![Ch]!Comment!This!subLcategory!includes!a!wide!variety!of!optical!instruments!and!appliances!used!for!measuring!and!control!function,!which!generally!are!not!used!specifically!for!environmental!purposes.!Unless!these!instruments!and!appliances!are!especially!designed!for!use!in!processes!that!are!generally!considered!environmentally!beneficial!(such!as!environmental!analyses!of!samples!or!pollution!monitoring),!we!do!not!consider!them!to!be!EGs.!We!do!not!consider!vibrometers,!hand!vibration!meters,!grating!measuring!devices!or!profile!projectors!to!be!EGs,!unless!they!are!especially!designed!for!use!related!to!environmental!analysis!and/or!pollution!monitoring.!Suggested!exLouts:!F Optical! instruments! and! appliances! for! measuring! or! checking! that!are!especially!designed!for!environmental!analysis/pollution!monitoring.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!90.31.80&Other&instruments,&appliances&and&machines&Description&This!is!an!omnibus!category!including!inter!alia!electrical!instruments,!appliances!and!machines!used!for!measurement!of!ball!surfaces,!conformators!(for!use!in!hatLshops!or!to!conform!other!shapes),!laboratory!test!apparatus!for!fuel!(especially!for!gasoline!or!diesel!oil),!apparatus!for!testing!of!motors!for!vehicles,!sinusLrulers!or!adjustable!tables!with!sinusLrulers!for!controlling!angles,!carpenter’s!levels,!and!plumb!lines.!!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 64 !!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Optional!exBout!may!include:!Vibrometers,!hand!vibration!meters.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!CT,!Au]!Instruments!for!measuring!oxygen!in!oxygen!censer!operating!with!catalytic!convertor![Th]!Justification!(APEC!text)!These!products!include!inter!alia,!items!such!as!vibrometers!(that!measure!vibrations!and!assess!structural!and!other!effects!of!such!vibrations)!and!electron!microscopes!for!laboratory!and!testing!applications.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!CT,!Au]!Air!Pollution!Control![Th]!Comment!This!omnibus!subLcategory!includes!a!variety!of!instruments,!appliances!and!machines!used!for!measuring!and!control!functions,!which!generally!are!not!used!specifically!for!environmental!purposes.!Unless!these!instruments,!appliances!and!machines!are!especially!designed!for!use!in!processes!that!are!generally!considered!environmentally!beneficial!(such!as!environmental!analyses!of!samples!or!pollution!monitoring),!we!do!not!consider!them!to!be!EGs.!Test!apparatus!for!fuel!or!for!motors!of!vehicles,!are!likely!mostly!employed!for!optimization!purposes!and!not!for!environmental!purposes!(but!the!distinction!may!be!difficult!to!make).!We!do!not!consider!vibrometers,!hand!vibration!meters,!or!electron!microscopes!for!laboratory!or!testing!applications!to!be!EGs,!unless!they!are!especially!designed!for!use!related!to!environmental!analysis!and/or!pollution!monitoring.!Generally!instruments!for!measuring!oxygen!in!oxygen!censors!are!used!for!a!variety!of!purposes,!such!as!in!anaesthesia!monitors,!respirators,!in!divers’!breathing!tubes,!and!in!hypoxic!air!fire!prevention!systems.!We!don’t!consider!such!oxygen!censors!EGs.!A!catalytic!convertor!is!a!vehicle!emissions!control!device!that!converts!toxic!pollutants!in!exhaust!gas!to!less!toxic!pollutants.!We!thus!consider!instruments!for!measuring!oxygen!in!oxygen!censers!operating!with!catalytic!convertors,!to!be!EGs.!Suggested!exLouts:!F Instruments,! appliances! and! machines! that! are! designed! for! measuring! and!control!functions!related!to!pollution!control.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!90.31.90!Parts&and&accessories&Description&This!subLcategory!consists!of!parts!and!accessories!for!category!90.31,!including!the!subLcategories!described!above!(90.31.49,!90.31.80),!90.31.10!(Machines!for!balancing!mechanical!parts),!and!90.31.20!(Test!benches).!Accessories!may!be!arms!for!planimeters,!racks,!or!control!tables!with!an!indicator!board.!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Optional!exBout!may!include:!Parts!for!903180x.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!US,!K,!CT,!Au]!Justification!(APEC!text)!These!are!parts!for!the!equipment!classified!in!9031!and!described!above.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!CT,!Au]!Parts!for!903110,!903120,!903149x.![US]!These!instruments!are!used!to!measure,!record,!analyse!and!assess!environmental!samples!or!environmental!influences.![Ch]!Comment!This!is!a!subLcategory!containing!parts!and!accessories!for!category!90.31,!which!contains!a!variety!of!instruments,!appliances!and!machines!used!for!measuring!and!control!functions!that!generally!are!not!used!specifically!for!environmental!purposes.!We!only!consider!parts!and!accessories!for!such!instruments,!appliances!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 65! !and!machines!that!are!especially!designed!for!use!in!processes!that!are!generally!considered!environmentally!beneficial!(such!as!environmental!analyses!of!samples!or!pollution!monitoring)!to!be!EGs.!Suggested!exLouts:!F Parts! and! accessories! for! instruments,! appliances! and! machines! that! are!especially! designed! for! environmental! analysis/pollution! monitoring/!pollution!control.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!90.32&Automatic®ulating&or&controlling&instruments&and&apparatus&90.32.89!Other!instruments!and!apparatus:!Other!Description&This!subLcategory!consists!of!automatic!regulating!or!controlling!instruments!and!apparatus!that!are!not!thermostats!(90.32.10),!manostats!(90.32.20)!or!hydraulic!or!pneumatic!(90.32.81).!This!includes!inter!alia!instruments!and!apparatus!for!automatic!regulation!of!flow!and!depth!(of!floatation!type!or!with!an!electrode!system),!humidistats!(controlling!humidity),!temperature!regulators!(used!in!kitchen!stoves!and!percolators),!and!flow!regulators.!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!nonLEGs.!!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Optional!exBouts!may!include:!Heliostats,!temperature!sensor!for!solar!boiler/water!heater;!Differential!temperature!controller!for!solar!boiler/water!heater.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!Au]!Light!sensor;!Sensor!(elevators,!escalators,!etc.)![BD]!Justification!(APEC!text)!These!include!other!automatic!voltage!and!current!regulators!which!have!renewable!energy!applications!as!well!as!other!process!control!instruments!and!apparatus!for!temperature,!pressure,!flow!and!level,!and!humidity!applications.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!Au]!Includes!other!automatic!voltage!and!current!regulators!which!have!renewable!energy!and!smart!grid!applications,!process!control!instruments!and!apparatus!for!temperature,!pressure,!flow!and!level,!and!regulators!for!humidity!applications!that!help!increase!energy!efficiency.![US,!BD]!Comment!This!is!a!subLcategory!for!automatic!regulating!or!controlling!devices!not!used!for!measuring!temperature!(thermostats),!pressure!(manostats)!and!that!are!not!hydraulic!or!pneumatic.!This!is!an!omnibus!category!of!devices!that!are!not!primarily!used!for!environmental!purposes.!We!only!consider!the!automatic!control!devices!(incl.!automatic!current!and!voltage!regulators)!of!this!subLcategory!to!be!EGs!if!they!are!especially!designed!for!use!in!processes!that!are!generally!considered!environmentally!beneficial!(such!as!renewable!energy!generation!or!smart!grids!L!modernized!electrical!grids!integrating!information!and!communications!technology).!We!do!not!consider!light!sensors!for!use!in!elevators,!escalators!etc.!to!be!EGs.!!Suggested!exLout:!F Automatic! regulating! or! controlling!instruments! and! apparatus! that! is!especially!designed!for!renewable!energy!generation!or!smart!grids.!!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!90.32.90&Parts&and&accessories&Description&Parts!and!accessories!for!automatic!regulating!or!controlling!instruments!and!apparatus!of!category!90.32,!described!above.!Assessment!of!Mostly!nonLEGs!

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 66 !!subLcategory!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!!Justification!(APEC!text)!These!are!the!parts!for!the!automatic!regulating!and!control!instruments!classified!in!9032!and!described.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!K,!CT,!Au]!Parts!for!aforementioned!goods!of!headings!9032.![US]!Comment!This!is!an!omnibus!category!of!parts!and!accessories!for!automatic!regulating!or!controlling!instruments!and!apparatus!that!are!not!primarily!used!for!environmental!purposes.!We!only!consider!such!parts!and!accessories!to!be!EGs,!if!they!are!for!automatic!control!devices!that!are!especially!designed!for!use!in!processes!that!are!generally!considered!environmentally!beneficial!(such!as!renewable!energy!generation!or!smart!grids!L!modernized!electrical!grids!integrating!information!and!communications!technology).!!Suggested!exLouts:!LParts!and!accessories!for!automatic!regulating!or!controlling!instruments!and!apparatus!that!are!especially!designed!for!renewable!energy!generation!or!smart!grids.!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!!!90.33&Parts&and&accessories&(not&specified&or&included&elsewhere&in&this&Chapter)&for&machines,&appliances,&instruments&or&apparatus&of&chapter&90&90.33.00&Parts&and&accessories&(not&specified&or&included&elsewhere&in&this&Chapter)&for&machines,&appliances,&instruments&or&apparatus&of&chapter&90&Description&This!is!an!omnibus!subLcategory!of!parts!and!accessories!not!included!elsewhere!in!this!chapter,!for!the!machines,!appliances,!instruments!and!apparatus!of!chapter!90.!No!positive!description!of!content!is!provided!in!the!HS!Explanatory!Notes.!!Assessment!of!subLcategory!Mostly!nonLEGs.!ExLouts!!!!!(APEC!text)!Parts!of!the!CH!90!products!above,!not!elsewhere!specified.![US]!For!subheading!902140!and!902150!and!other![M]29!Justification!(APEC!text)!These!are!the!parts!and!accessories!for!the!products!described!above.![Ca,!J,!NZ,!CT,!Au,!M]!Parts!of!the!CH!90!products!above,!not!elsewhere!specified![US]!Parts!used!in!maintenance!and!repair!of!the!liquid,!electricity,!radiation!and!measurement!instruments!listed!above!with!the!attendant!environmental!benefits.![S]!Comment!This!is!an!omnibus!subLcategory!for!parts!and!accessories!of!optical,!photographic,!cinematographic,!measuring,!checking,!precisions,!medical!or!surgical!instruments!and!apparatus,!clocks!and!watches,!and!musical!instruments,!that!are!not!mentioned!elsewhere!in!chapter!90.!!We!only!consider!such!parts!and!accessories!to!be!EGs,!if!they!are!for!machines,!appliances,!instruments!and!apparatus!that!are!especially!designed!for!use!in!processes!that!are!generally!considered!environmentally!beneficial!(such!as!renewable!energy!generation,!waste!management,!wastewater!treatment,!pollution!monitoring!or!control,!smart!grids).!!Suggested!exLout:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!29 Listed in the column “HS Code Description”, but referring to an ex-out and we have therefore placed it here.

The!APEC!list!of!Environmental!Goods:!An!analysis!of!the!content!and!the!precision!level!Vista Analysis AS 67! !L!Parts!and!accessories!(not!specified!or!included!elsewhere!in!this!Chapter)!,for!machines,!appliances,!instruments!and!apparatus!in!chapter!90,!that!are!especially!designed!for!use!in!renewable!energy!generation,!waste!management,!wastewater!treatment,!pollution!monitoring!or!control,!or!smart!grids.!!Assessment!of!APEC!exLout!APEC!exLouts!do!not!ensure!only!EGs.!

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