Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activities (2013-2016)

Rapport 2016/12

Rasmus Reinvang

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activities (2013-2016)

Kategori	Rapporter
Underkategori(er)	Kurs og foredragUtviklingssamarbeid
År	2016
Rapportnummer	12
Forfatter(e)	Rasmus Reinvang
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Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
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b 
 
 	 	
R	E	PORT	 	
2016/12	 	
 	
P	lanning for 	Environmental Risk Reduction	 in China: 	
Training Plan and Activities (2013	-2016)	 
 	
Rasmus Reinvang	 	
VISTA ANALYSE AS
 	
 	
Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs 	 	
P.R. China Ministry of Environmental Protection

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in 	China: Training Plan and Activitie	 	
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Document details	 	 	
Vista Analyse AS	 	Report numb	er 	2016/12	 	
Tit	le 	Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in 
China: Training Plan and 	Activitie	 	
ISBN	 	978	-82	-8126	-269	-0 	
Authors	 	Rasmus Reinvang	 	
Date of completion	 	25	 March 2016	 	
Project leader	 	Haakon Vennemo	 	
Quality control	 	John Magne Skjelvik	 	
Client	 	Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs 	 	
and	 P.R. China Ministry of Environment.	 	
Availability	 	Public	 	
Publicised	 	www.vista	-analyse.no	 	
Key words	 	China, Environmental Planning, Capacity Building

Preface	 	
This re	port provides documentation of the training activities carried out 	under the Sino	-	
Norwegian cooperation project “Planning for cost	-effective environmental risk 	
reductio	n”, which began in 2013 and ended Spring 2016. The project involved	 capacity 	
building of	 governmental staff 	in China, 	working with environmental planning a	nd 	
emergency management	. 	
The report represents	 a “living document” written and	 compiled by Rasmus Reinvang 	
during the course of project implementation. 	As the document has grown over seve	ral 	
years, different parts may have slightly different styles. 	Several other persons have 	
contributed to the text, by authoring different internal project documents (such as 
separate training evaluations or study tour reports) that partly are included 	or r	eferred 	
to 	in different sections of this document. Instead of trying to list all authors that have 	
been involved in producing different pieces of text, we have put Rasmus Reinvang as 
the author 	and editor 	of this report and have in 	sections 	quoting larger 	portions of text 	
by others, 	mentioned 	the 	specific authors 	where relevant	. This is for instance the case 	
with individ	ual study tour reports	. At times there is	 a distinction between the general 	
presentation by Vista 	Analysis 	and input from C	hinese Acad	emy o	f Environmental 	
Planning	 or Statistics Norway (chapter 6.2) 	in the report. This is 	clearly marked by 	
noting explicitly that c	ertain input came from 	CAEP	 or Statistics Norway	. Vista Analysis 	
is responsible for the text as whole, as it stands here.	 	
Dr. Haako	n Vennemo	 	
Pro	ject leader	 	
Vista Analyse AS

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
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Content	 	
PREFACE	 ................................	................................	................................	....................	 3 	
SUMMARY	 ................................	................................	................................	...................	 5 	
1. 	INTRODUCTION AND BAC	KGROUND	 ................................	................................	 7 	
1.1	 	INTRODUCTION	 ................................	................................	................................	... 7 	
1.2	 	BACKGROUND	: TARGET GROUP AND TRAI	NING ACTIVITIES	................................	.....	 7 	
2. 	TRAINING AT MEP’S AN	NUAL SEMINAR (ACTIVI	TY 6A)	 ................................	.. 9 	
2.1	 	LECTURES CARRIED OUT 	BY 	VISTA AT 	MEP’	S ANNUAL SEMINARS	 ..........................	 9 	
3. 	TRAI	NING OF TRAINERS (AC	TIVITY 6B)	 ................................	.........................	 10	 	
3.1	 	THE APPROACH TO THE T	RAINING OF TRAINERS 	(T	OT)	 ................................	........	 10	 	
3.2	 	TRAING OF 	TRAINERS 	(T	OT) ACTIVITIES	 ................................	.............................	 11	 	
3.3	 	FINAL 	TOT REPORT	, SUZHOU TRAINING 	NOVEMBER 	2015	 ................................	... 13	 	
3.4	 	KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF TR	AINERS AT END OF PRO	JECT	 ................................	.......	 17	 	
4. 	TRAINING OF 	PROJECT TARGET GROUP	 (ACTIVITY 6C)	 .............................	 19	 	
4.1	 	TIMELINE AND PROGRESS	ION 	(ORIGINAL PLAN	) ................................	...................	 19	 	
4.2	 	DIFFERENCES WITHIN TH	E TARGET GROUP	 ................................	.........................	 19	 	
4.3	 	EXPERIENCE AND RECOMM	ENDATIONS FROM PHASE	 1 ................................	........	 21	 	
4.4	 	SUGGESTED GENERIC FOR	MAT OF THE TRAININGS	 IN PHASE 	2.............................	 21	 	
4.5	 	EXISTING TRAINING RES	OURCES	 ................................	................................	.......	 22	 	
4.6	 	ADDITIONAL POINTS BRO	UGHT FORWARD BY 	CAEP	 ................................	............	 25	 	
4.7	 	THE FIRST TRAINING OF	 PILOTS	, IN 	TONGLING 	MAY	 2014	 ................................	....	 25	 	
4.8	 	THE SECOND TRAINING 	OF PILOTS	, IN 	BEIJING 	NOVEMBER 	2014	 ..........................	 28	 	
4.9	 	FRAMEW ORK WORKSHOP AN	D TRAINING	, IN 	ANSHUN 	MAY 	2015	 ..........................	 29	 	
4.10	 	THE THIRD TRAINING OF	 PILOTS	, IN 	SUZHOU 	FALL 	2015	 ................................	....	 31	 	
4.11	 	RESULTS	 ................................	................................	................................	.......	 35	 	
5. 	GAINS TRAINING (ACTI	VITY 6D)	 ................................	................................	......	 39	 	
5.1	 	INTRODUCTION	 ................................	................................	................................	. 39	 	
5.2	 	GAINS	 WORKSHOP PROGRAM	, DECEMBER 	2013	 ................................	...............	 39	 	
5.3	 	REPORT FROM 	GAINS	-TRAINING IN 	BEIJING	, 25	 DECEMBER 	2013	 ......................	 40	 	
5.4	 	VISIT TO 	IIASA	 BY 	CAEP,	 2015	 ................................	................................	........	 43	 	
6. 	MSG	-6 TRAINING (ACTI	VITY 6E)	 ................................	................................	......	 45	 	
6.1	 	CAEP	 REPORT OF 	CGE	 MODEL TRAINING AT 	STATISTICS 	NORWAY	 .....................	 45	 	
6.2	 	STATISTICS 	NORWAY REPORT OF THE	 TRAINING AT 	SSB	 ................................	....	 47	 	
7. 	STUDY TOUR TO NORWAY	 (ACTIVITY 6F)	 ................................	......................	 49	 	
7.1	 	DISCUSSIONS AND CONSI	DERATIONS 	2013	-2014	 ................................	...............	 49	 	
7.2	 	FINAL PLANS 	2015	 ................................	................................	...........................	 49	 	
7.3	 	CAEP	 REPORT OF STUDY TOU	R TO 	EUROPE	, DECEMBER 	2015	 ...........................	 50	 	
8. 	CONCLUSIONS	 ................................	................................	................................	.. 61	 	
9. 	APPENDIX: THE FINAL 	CONFERENCE, MARCH 20	16	 ................................	....	 63	 	
REFERENCES	 ................................	................................	................................	...........	 66

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
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Summary	 	
The Sino	-Norwegian cooperation project “Planning for cost	-effective environmental risk 	
reduction” (2013	-2016) included a training program for governmental staff in China 	
working with environmental planning and emergency management. 	 	
The training 	program co	nsisted of six different activities, under Project activity 6:	 	
 	Activity 6a: Training 	(lecture) 	of environmental planning methodologies 	for 	100	-	
150 participants from 	institutions at province and city level, at the annual 	
seminars of the Ministry of Environm	ental Protection (MEP).	 	
 	Activity 6b: 	Training of 	5 trainers from Chinese Acedemy of Environmental 	
Planning (CAEP) 	- “Training of Trainers” (ToT).	 	
 	Activit	y 6c: I	n-depth training 	of 90	-120 representatives from	 pilot province	s 	
Guizhou, Jiangsu) and cities 	(Anshun, Tongling)	 	
 	Activity 6d: Training in 	GAINS methodology, in 	China 	and/	or Austria	, of about 	
10 	representatives from 	CAEP and MEP	. 	
 	Activity 6e: In	-depth training i	n MSG	-6 methodology for one CAEP 	
representative, in 	Norway	 	
 	Activity 6f: Study tour to Nor	way	/Europe	 for a Chinese team from MEP	. 	
 	
Overall conclusions	 	
The training program was carried out according to plan, with some adjustments 
reflecting project adaptability and hands on management. Cooperation went well and 
smooth between Vista Analysis, CICERO and CAEP, in spite of the geographical 
distance between t	he Norwegian and Chinese team during most of the project 	
implementation period. Possibly the biggest practical challenge when implementing the 
training 	program	 was the changes of staff in the trainers team at CAEP	 (activity 6b)	. 	
This was handled by an incr	eased effort towards the end of the project to bring new 	
CAEP project staff up to speed.	 Below, we sum up performance versus original plan for 	
the six training activities in the training program.	 	
Table 	AA	: Planned t	imeline for the trainings (Q1= January	-Ma	rch 2013) 	 	
Activities	 	2013	 	2014	 	2015	 	
Q2	 	Q3	 	Q4	 	Q5	 	Q6	 	Q7	 	Q8	 	Q9	 	Q10	 	Q11	 	Q12	 	
6a: Training at MEPs annual seminar	 	 	x 	 	 	 	x 	 	 	 	x 	 	
6b: Training of trainers	 	 	 	x 	 	x 	 	x 	 	x 	 	 	
6c: In	-depth training of target group	 	 	 	x 	 	x 	 	 	 	x 	 	 	
6d: GAINS training	 	 	x 	x 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
6e: MSG	-6 training	 	 	 	 	x 	x 	 	 	x 	 	 	 	
6f: Study tour Norway 	 	 	 	 	 	? 	? 	 	 	? 	 	 	
 
Table 	BB	: Ex	-post	 timeline for the trainings (Q1= January	-March 2013)	 	
Activities	 	2013	 	2014	 	2015	 	
Q2 	 Q3	 	Q4	 	Q5	 	Q6	 	Q7	 	Q8	 	Q9	 	Q10	 	Q11	 	Q12 	 	
6a: 	Training at 	MEPs annual seminar	 	 	x 	 	 	 	x 	 	 	 	0 	 	
6b: T	raining of Trainers	 	X 	 	 	X 	 	 	X 	 	X 	X 	X 	
6c: 	In-depth training target group	 	 	 	 	 	X 	 	X 	 	X 	 	X 	
6d: GAINS	 training	 	 	 	X 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	X 	
6e: MSG	-6 training	 	 	 	 	0 	x 	 	 	x 	 	 	 	
6f: Study tour (Germany	 & Czech Rep	) 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	X 	
* Differences from the original plan 	(ref. table A), are marked with “	X” or “	0” (did not happen)

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
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Training at MEP’s annual seminar	 (activity 6a)	 	
As shown in tables AA and BB above, Vista Analysis carried out one less training 
(lecture) at MEP’s annual seminar than planned. This was due to convergence of 
MEP’s annual conference with the final training of pilots in November 2015, and core 
project tea	m (Vista & CAEP) decided to prioritize the final training of pilots. The final 	
training of pilots was especially important, as this was to be led by new trainers at 
CAEP under guidance and inspection from Vista. We consider that the lack of 
participation a	t MEP’s annual conference in 2015 has not hampered dissemination of 	
project findings significantly, and was to some extent compensated for by the final 
conference (ref. 	chapter 9	). 	
Training of trainers	 (activity 6b)	 	
As shown in tables AA and BB	 above, Vista Analysis carried out two more ToT	-	
sessions than planned, towards the end of the project. This was instigated by changes 
in staff on the CAEP side, making it necessary to make an increased effort to bring the 
new trainers that joined the proje	ct in the last year up to 	speed. As shown in chapter 3, 	
the project team	 succeeded in bringing the whole trainers group up to an advanced 	
knowledge level qualifying them to be trainers in their own right after Project end. 	 	
In-depth training of target gro	up	 (activity 6c)	 	
As shown in tables AA and BB	 above, Vista and CAEP	 carried out 4 and not 3 trainings 	
of pilots. The extra training in Anshun in Q8, was carried out to compensate for the low 
participation in the training held in Q6 in Beijing. 	A comparison	 of the baseline survey 	
(2013) and the final survey (2016) of knowledge levels in the target group	 (ref. chapter 	
4.11)	, shows a consistent and substantial positive development 	in the group 	between 	
the start and end of the project. 	 	
GAINS training and MSG	-6 training	 (activities 6d and 6e)	 	
As shown in tables AA	 an	d BB	 above, the GAINS and MSG	-6 training was carried out 	
as planned 	- with some adjustments of the timeline. 	Study tour reports document 	
learning content and an advanced understanding by the particip	ants.	 	
Study tour to Norway	 (activity 6f)	 	
As shown in tables AA and BB	 above 	(and described in chapter 7	), the study tour to 	
Norway was delayed and finally carried out as a study tour to Germany and the Czech 
Republic. The study tour was well	-connected to 	the training program of the Project, as 	
it included visits to institutions and direct experience of best practise internationally that 
had been presented in lectures during the trainings. The learning outcome was thus 
not significantly hampered by the chan	ge in destination.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
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1.	 Introduction and b	ackground	 	
1.1	 Introduction	 	
This report provides documentation of the training activities carried out under the Sino	-	
Norwegian cooperation project “Planning for cost	-effective environmental risk 	
reduction”	 (henceforth refer	red to as “the Project”)	, which began in 2013 and ended in 	
Spring 2016. The project partners were Vista 	Analysis 	and CICERO (Centre for 	
International Climate and Environmental Research 	- Oslo) on the Norwegian side, and 	
CAEP (Chinese Academy of Environment	al Planning) under MEP (Ministry of 	
Environmental Protection) on the Chinese side. The project involved capacity building 
of governmental staff working with environmental planning and emergency 
management in China. For a full present	ation of the P	roject, i	ncluding links to project 	
resources (presentations and reports), please 	consult Vista 	Analys	is’s 	website.	1 	
This report consists of the training plan of the project, as it was planned 	during the 	
inception phase 	and adjusted during the implementation of the 	project. It has been a 	
”living document” during 	project implementation, and this is reflected in this report. In 	
the next section (subchapter ”1.2 Background”), we provide an overview and timeline 
for the six training activities planne	d in the project.	 In 	the following, the implementation 	
of each activity is presented in an own chapter, as it unfolded. 	 	
This report thus provides documentation of the implementation of the training activities 
in the Project	, and we hope this may provide valuable insights for 	other parties involved 	
in or planning capacity building work in China. 	 	
1.2	 Background	: Target group and training activities	 	
One of the main outputs of the Project are “training on environmental planning and risk 
reduction methodologies” for MEP, CAEP and 	provincial and city 	Environmental 	
Protection Bureau (	EPB	) staff. 	 	
In the project, there is a core project group on the Chinese side consisting of CAEP 
staff. In addition to participating in the general trainings (ref. chapter 4), they also 
receive	d special	 training (ref. chapter 3) aiming at qualifying them to become future 	
trainers in the core project topics.	 	
At the beginning of the project (2013), the full target group 	consisted 	of 103 persons:	 	
 	Central level: MEP and CAEP	, 27 persons in total.	 	
 	Provincial 	level: 	EPB	s in Jiangsu and Guizhou 	provinces, 	49 persons in total	. 	
 	City level: 	EPBs 	in Tongling and Anshun cities, 	27 persons	 in total	. 	
 	 	 	
1 Vista Analysis’s website has a webpage dedicated to the project, available at: 	http://vista	-	
analyse.no/no/foku	somraader/klima	-milj	-og	-energi/planning	-for	-cost	-effective	-environmental	-	
risk	-reduction	-in-china/

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
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Figure	 1: The project target group, as defined in the baseline report	 	
 	
Source: Baseline Study of Environmental Planning and Risk Management in China, Vista 
Analysis 	report 2013/37	. 	
 
The training program	 of the Project	 was 	to be provided through activity 6 in the Project 	
plan, which consists of:	 	
 	Activity 6a: Training of enviro	nmental planning methodologies 	for 	100	-150 	
participants from provincial EPBs and related institutions at MEPs annual 
trainings. 	 	
 	Activity 6b: About 5 instructors from MEP/CAEP trained.	 	
 	Activity 6c: Follow	-up and in	-depth training 	for	 pilot province	s (total	 of 90	-120	) 	
 	Activity 6d: Training in China 	or Austria 	of about 10	 CAEP and MEP 	
representatives in GAINS.	 	
 	Activity 6e: In	-depth training on MSG	-6 in Oslo, Norway	 	
 	Activity 6f: Study tour to Norway for a Chinese team from MEP	. 	
 
Table 	A. Planned t	imeline for the trainings (Q1= January	-March 2013) 	 	
Activities	 	2013	 	2014	 	2015	 	
Q2	 	Q3	 	Q4	 	Q5	 	Q6	 	Q7	 	Q8	 	Q9	 	Q10	 	Q11	 	Q12	 	
6a: Training at MEPs annual seminar	 	 	x 	 	 	 	x 	 	 	 	x 	 	
6b: Training of trainers	 	 	 	x 	 	x 	 	x 	 	x 	 	 	
6c: In	-depth training of target 	group	 	 	 	x 	 	x 	 	 	 	x 	 	 	
6d: GAINS training	 	 	x 	x 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
6e: MSG	-6 training	 	 	 	 	x 	x 	 	 	x 	 	 	 	
6f: Study tour Norway 	 	 	 	 	 	? 	? 	 	 	?

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
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2.	 Training at MEP	’s annual seminar	 (activity 6a)	 	
Training of participants at MEP’s annual seminar 	took 	place in the form of a 	lecture by 	
a member of the core project team	 (Vista)	, giving an updated overview of best practice 	
with environmental planning and risk methodologies based on the research in the 
Project. 	 	
2.1	 Lectures carried out by Vista at MEP’s annual seminars	 	
 
2013:	 
- 	“Annual conference 	for environmental planning in China”, Taiyuan, Shanxi 	
province 16	-17 August 2013	. 	
- 	Lecture by Rasmus Reinvang: “Integrated economic and environmental 
planning: Introduction and international experiences”.	 	
- 	Around 200 representatives of cent	ral and local academies for environmental 	
planning attended the conference, and an estim	ated 3	5 representatives	 	
attended	 the parallel	 session where Reinvang presented his lecture. 	 	
- 	Presentation available at: 	http://www.vista	-	
analyse.no/site/assets/files/6621/integrated_economic_and_env_planning_taiy
uan_aug2013.pdf	 	
 	
2014:	 
- 	“5th forum of environ	ment	al risk and damage assessment”, 	Beijing 21	-22 	
October, 2014	. 	
- 	Lecture by Rasmus Reinvang: “Environmental risk management in Europe and 
the United States”.	 	
- 	About 80 representatives of environmental institutions of 10 Chinese provinces 
participated.	 	
- 	Program and presentations are available a	t: http://vista	-	
analyse.no/no/fokusomraader/klima	-milj	-og	-energi/planning	-for	-cost	-effective	-	
environmental	-risk	-reduction	-in-china/	 	
 	
- 	Beijing, November 2014	: It was agreed 	in the core project group 	that the lecture 	
“Oslo case: Urban planning and environmental risk management” 	that was 	
presented 	at the second training for pilots (ref. activity 6c below), should be 	
given at the next MEP annual seminar.	 	
 	
2015:	 
- 	Anshun 20	-22 May 2015: Rasmus Reinvang gave an orientation to CAEP staff 	
about the HarbourEx15 full	-scale rescue and cooperation exercise in Oslo’s 	
main harbor 28	-29 April 2015. It was agreed that relevant exper	iences should 	
be included in the next lecture 	(ab	out Oslo) 	at the MEP annual seminar	. 	
 	
- 	In early fall, d	ate of 	this year	’s MEP Annual Seminar 	set to November 2015. 	 	
- 	Due to convergence with the Suzhou pilot training event (incl. final training	-of-	
trainers se	ssion	, ref. chapter 4	), it was in November decided to prioritize the 	
Suzhou event and cancel the Vista lecture at the MEP annual seminar	.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
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3.	 Training of trainers	 (activity 6b)	 	
3.1	 The approach to the Training of T	rainers	 (ToT)	 	
The Training of T	rainers 	(ToT) 	shoul	d 	take place in relation to the in	-depth training of 	
the project target group	 (ref. chapter 4)	. The main idea i	s that:	 	
- 	The trainers 	should	 participate in preparation and 	support	 execution of the 	
training	 in Q4, which is led by Vista Analys	is. Trainers are 	interviewed post 	
training and receive feedback on their performance.	 	
- 	The trainers 	would 	participate in preparation and 	take an equal part	 in the 	
training in Q6, which is led by Vista Analys	is. Trainers are interviewed post 	
training and receive feedback on 	their performance.	 	
- 	The trainers 	would 	participate in preparation and 	lead	 the training in Q10. 	
Trainers are interviewed post training and receive an individual confirmation 
from Vista Analyse that they have been trained as trainers in a certain topic.	 	
 
Table 	B. Planned timeline for the training	-of-trainers	 (Q1= January	-March 2013) 	 	
Activity	 	
2013	 	2014	 	2015	 	
Q2	 	Q3	 	Q4	 	Q5	 	Q6	 	Q7	 	Q8	 	Q9	 	Q10	 	Q11	 	Q12	 	
6b: Training of trainers	 	 	 	x 	 	x 	 	x 	 	x 	 	 	
 
Trainers 	should 	at the end of this process be 	qualified to train provincial EPB staff in 	
the following topics:	 	
- 	Principles and practical	 application of Cost	-Benefit Analysis	 in relation to 	
environmental planning, risk prevention and control	 	
- 	Principles for application of Strategic Environmental 	Assessment methodology 	
in relation to environmental planning, risk reduction and control	 	
- 	International experiences with planning for cost	-effective environmental risk 	
reduction	 	
 	
It 	was	 recommended that each person from CAEP have a m	ain area of training 	
competence:	 CBA, SEA or international experiences in cost	-effective environmental 	
risk reduction.	 The trainers to be trained in these topics 	were 	the following CAEP staff	: 	
Yu Fang, Cao Guozhi, Dong Jingqi, 	Jia	 Qian, Zhou You and Tian Chao. 	 	
Note:	 
- 	As Dong J	ingqi was moved to a different department Spring 2015, she 	was	 	
replaced by Li Chao (from Spring 2015). 	 	
- 	As Zhou You and Tian Chao 	were	 moved to a different department Summer 	
2015, they 	were	 replaced by Zhu Wenying and 	Wan	g Kunpeng (from Summer 	
2015). 	 	
 	
It was 	suggested that different trainers 	were 	also given responsibility for different main 	
topics, so that two trainers 	were 	trained more in depth in CBA (Jia Qian, Tian 	
Chao/Zhu Wenying), two 	were 	trained more in depth in SEA (Dong Jingqi/Li Chao, 	
Zhou You/W	ang Kunpeng). Responsibilities 	were 	determined early in the project.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	11	 	
3.2	 Training 	of Trainers 	activities	 	
Besides the general follow	-up and cooperation with the CAEP	-team on scientific 	
issues, which contributes to knowledge development on both sides, the 	following and 	
more specif	ic TOT	-activities may be noted:	 	
2013: 	 	
- 	At the beginning of the project (April, 2013), the baseline knowledge level of the 
CAEP te	am with regards to 	project to	pics was mapped using 	questionnaires.	 	
- 	A summary of 	the baseline situation	 wa	s synthesized and discussed in 	
November 2013, and is 	presented in 	table 	C 	below.	 Names have here been 	
anonymized. 	 	
 	
Table 	C. Baseline knowledge level of CAEP trainers	 2013* 	(anonymized)	 	
 	Education	 	
Degree of knowledge of	 	
CBA	 	SEA	 	
Internation	al 	
experience with 
env.	 planning	 	
Internation	al exp. 	
with env.	 risk 	
management	 	
GAINS	 	
& 	
MSG6	 	
A 	
PhD, Civil and 
environmental 
engineering	 	
5 	4 	4 	3 	3 	
B 	
PhD	-candidate, 	
Environmental plan 
and management.	 	
5 	4 	4 	3 	3 	
C 	
Master of Science, 
Environmental plan 
and management.	 	
2 	2 	3 	3 	1 	
D 	
Master of Law, 
Economic and 
environmental law.	 	
5 	2 	2 	1 	1 	
E 	
Bachelor of Science, 
Environmental plan 
and management.	 	
2 	2 	3 	2 	2 	
F 	
Master of Science, 
Environmental and 
Water Resources 
Engineering	 	
3 	2 	2 	1 	1 	
G 	
PhD, 	Institute of 	
Geographic Science 
and Nature Resource 
Research	 	
4 	3 	3 	2 	3 	
H** 	
Master of 
Environm	ental 	
Management	 	
3 	2 	3 	3 	1 	
I*** 	Master of Engin	eering, 	
environ. science	 	2 	1 	3 	2 	1 	
J*** 	Master of Science, 
env	iron	. science	 	2 	1 	2 	3 	1 	
K***	* 	PhD, 	environmenta	l 	
epidemiology	 	2 	2 	2 	4 	3 	
Average score	 	3.2	 	2.3	 	2.8	 	2.5	 	1.8	 	
* Mapping of CAEP staff skills of April 2013. 	F and H	 have their degrees from US universities	.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
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** Skills level for H as of April 2015	. / *** Skills level for I and J	 as of 1. September	 2015	. / 	
**** Skil	ls level for K as of September 2015.	 	
 
In the survey we distinguished between five knowledge levels; 	 	
Level 1 = No knowledge, Level 2 = Basic knowledge (familiarity), Level 3 = Theoretical 
knowledge, Level 4 = Application level knowledge, and 5 = Expert level knowledge. 	 	
2014:	 
- 	Haakon Vennemo carried out a 1	-day workshop for CAEP	-staff at the CAEP 	
office 	in Beijing 29	. March, with the topic “SEA and CBA 	– introduction 	and case 	
studies”	. 5 CAEP	-staff participated. The presentation and a report from the 	
training 	are available from Vista’	s archive.	 	
 	
- 	Vista 	Analysis 	and CAEP collaborated on development of the 	lectures and case 	
exercises for the first project workshop in Tongling, 28	-29 March 2014 (ref. 	
activity 6c), where presentations were held and the two case study exercises 
carried out led by Vista 	Analysis 	and with assistance by CAEP.	 	
 	
- 	Rasmus Reinvang carr	ied out a ToT	-session at CAEP’s premises in Beijing 23	. 	
October 2014, consisting of a 	 	
o 	Review of the training in Tongling, preparation of the next project 
workshop in Beijing (ref. activity 6c).	 	
o 	An exercise (3 hours) where CAEP	-staff led a “mini	-training” and 	
received feedback. 	7 CAEP	-staff participated. A report of the ToT	-	
session is available from Vista’s archive.	 	
 	
- 	Vista 	Analysis 	and CAEP collaborated on development of the lectures and 	
refinement of case exercises for the second project workshop 	in Beijing, 	
November 2014 (ref. activity 6c), where presentations were held and case study 
exercises were carried out led by CAEP (Jia Qian/CBA and Dong Jingqi/SEA) 
with assistance from Vista	 Analysis	. 	
 	
2015	 
- 	Beijing, 8	-9 April: Rasmus Reinvang carried out 	a ToT	-session at CAEP’s 	
premises in Beijing 8	-9 April, consisting of a 	 	
o 	Rev	iew of the 	training	 in Beijing November 2014, based on written 	
evaluation from Jia Qian and Dong Jingqi. The written evaluations are 
available from Vista’s archive.	 	
o 	Preparation of t	he next project workshop in Guizhou (May, 2015); 	
content and training requirements	 	
 	
- 	April, baseline knowledge le	vel of new team member 	– Li Chao	 – was mapped 	
using a questionnaire. Mai	n entries are included in the table	 above.	 	
 	
- 	Anshun, 20	-22 May: 	 	
o 	Rasmus R	einvang followed up on Li Chao (new SEA	-trainer, replacing 	
Dong Jingqi), who had studied relevant case exercise material. It was 
agreed that 	Li Chao	 and Zhou You together will test the SEA case 	
exercise and send it to Rasmus for comment in June.	 	
o 	Vista 	Anal	ysis 	provided CAEP (Jia Qian) with an adjusted version of the 	
CBA and SEA case exercises document. CAEP to check translation by 
June 30.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
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o 	Rasmus 	Reinvang 	gave an orientation to CAEP staff about the 	
HarbourEx15 full	-scale rescue and cooperation exercise in O	slo’s main 	
harbor 28	-29 April 2015.	2 It was agreed that relevant experiences 	
should be included in the next lecture at the MEP annual seminar (ref. 
activity 6a above).	 	
 	
- 	June	-Septem	ber / SEA	 	
o 	Rasmus 	Reinvang 	provided feedback and follow	-up tasks 	to 	Li Chao 	
and Zhou You, after they submitted their reply to the SEA case exercise.	 	
o 	As Zhou You was moved to MEP, Wang Kunpeng was brought in as 
replacement for Zhou You.	 	
o 	Li Chao and Wang Kunpeng responded to follow	-up tasks from Rasmus	 	
Reinvang	, after which Rasmus p	rovided final comments and 	
clarifications.	 	
 	
June	-Septem	ber / CBA	 	
- 	As Tian Chao was replaced by Zhu Wenying as trainer, it was decided that Zhu 
will practice by answering the CBA case exercise.	 	
- 	Haakon 	Vennemo 	went through Zhu’s answer and provided comments a	nd 	
corrections, to Jia Qian and Zhu Wenying	 (2 rounds	). 	
 	
October	 	
- 	Rasmus 	Reinvang 	revise	d SEA case exercise to better address Chinese 	
concerns, after which Li and Wang 	adjust	ed	 and 	improve	d Chinese translation.	 	
- 	Haakon 	Vennemo 	revise	d CBA case exercise to better address Chinese 	
concerns, after which Jia Qian and Zhu Wenying adjust	ed	 and improve	d 	
Chinese translation.	 	
 
3.3	 Final ToT	 report, 	Suzhou training 	November 2015	 	
By 	Rasmus Reinvang	, with input from 	J.M. Skjelvik, 	Jia Qian and H. Venne	mo	. 	
Background	 	
Castle Hotel in Suzhou was the venue for the final training of pilots 19	-20 November, 	
which was to be led by CAEP trainers with support from Vista	 Analysis	. 	52 	
representatives from pilot provinces participated in the training (see	 list of pa	rticipants, 	
in Vista Analysis’ files	). 	
Due to changes in CAEP person	nel, Li Chao (focus on SEA case), Wang Kunpeng 	
(focus on SEA case) and Zhu Wenying (focus on CBA case) had in the preceding 
months prepared by testing the case exercises. 	Wang and Zhu only	 joined the project 	
in the recent months.	 	
During Summer/Autumn 2015, 	Li, Wang and Zhu submitted written answers to the 	
exerci	ses and received written comments to answers from Vista	 (Reinvang for SEA, 	
 	 	 	
2 For more information about HarbourEx15, see: 	http://www.dsb.no/nn/HarbourEx15/About	-the-	
exercise/

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
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Vennemo for CBA)	. Finally, 	the 	last details were	 sorted out in email communication to 	
ensure a common understanding of the exercise	, including pedagogic design: T	he 	
learning outcome the exercises are intended to provide and how to stimulate that 
learning outcome among trainees.	 	
Activities 18 N	ov. 	20	15	: Preparations	 	
- 	A meeting was held 	in the afternoon 	between Reinvang and Skjelvik from Vista	 	
Analysis 	and Wang and Zhu from CAEP to prepare for the training of pilots. 	 	
- 	In the meeting details of the exercises were discussed in order to ensure a 
deep 	understanding, and some minor corrections were identified and corrected.	 	
- 	In the meeting Wang and Zhu were taught how to conduct and plan an 
interactive training session, and how to stimulate discussions facilitating 
development of understanding among the t	rainees.	 	
 	
- 	Due to late arrival of Li Chao, another preparation meeting was held between 
Vista 	Analysis 	and the whole CAEP training team (Li, Jia, Wang, Zhu) in the 	
early evening. At the meeting a common understanding of the following days 
activities was ens	ured among the whole group, and the Chinese team was 	
encouraged to discuss and plan in more detail how to guide the trainees and 
what learning outcome to aim for related to the different questions in the case 
exercises.	 	
- 	After the Vista	-CAEP meeting, the Ch	inese team had a separate session 	
discussing and planning the training in more detail. 	 	
 
Activities 19 N	ov. 	20	15	: The SEA training	 	
- 	About 40 participants from 13 counties in Jiangsu	 were present (see roster)	 	
- 	After the opening, Li provided a lecture 	on princ	iples of SEA and Wang 	
presented the main points of the SEA case exercise.	 	
- 	Li and Wang then guided the trainees through the group work session, with 
support from Jia and Zhu (after lunch Li left and Wang led the training alone).	 	
o 	The CAEP trainers ensured di	scipline among the trainees and the 	
groups apparently worked well and focused together.	 	
o 	The CAEP trainers kept a close eye on the time and the training 
proceeded according to schedule without any problems or delays.	 	
o 	Wang led the last plenary session in an authoritative manner, calling 
different groups to answer different questions and inviting other groups 
to share alternative answers and/or comment. 	 	
o 	Different groups had different and justified approaches to certain 	of the 	
questions (especially 3c about the programme of measures), which 
illustrated the complexity and political trade	-offs involved in SEA.	 	
o 	Wang commented on the answers and stressed different learning 
points, which contributed positively to the learning 	outcome. 	 	
 	
- 	After the training, Vista 	Analysis 	and CAEP briefly reviewed the session and all 	
sides agreed	 orally	 that the training session had worked well.	 	
 
Activities 20 N	ov. 	20	15	 	
- 	About 3	0 participants from 13 counties in Jiangsu	 were present (see particip	ant 	
list	). 	
- 	Jia provided a lecture on the principles of CBA and Zhu presented the main 
points in the CBA case exercise.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
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- 	Jia and Zhu then guided the trainees through the group work session. 	 	
o 	The CAEP trainers ensured discipline among the trainees and the 
groups apparently worked well and focused together.	 	
o 	The CAEP trainers kept a close eye on the time and the training 
proceeded according to schedule without any problems or delays.	 	
o 	Zhu lead the last plenary session in an authoritative manner, calling the 
different groups to answer different questions. 	 	
o 	The other groups were urged to comment and put forward other views 
or solutions than the once presented, and there was a discussion 
around some of the answers.	 	
 	
- 	After the session an informal enquiry revealed that none of the trainees had 
done a CBA before, and several found the tasks difficult to answer. Many of 
them thought that what they had learnt would be useful for their future wor	k. 	
 	
- 	The session was closed at 15.30 as participants needed to leave early for home 
(this was a Friday). This meant that there was reduced time to answer the 
questions properly and go through the results (about 1 hr. was used for the 
discussion). This was u	nfortunate and it was clear that a full day	’s work (9	-17) is 	
necessary in order to process and discuss findings of the CBA case.	 	
 
Figure	 2: Photo	s from the training of pilots in Suzhou, November 2015

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
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Overall findings o	f the written evaluation of 	participants.	 	
- 	31 of 61 participants (50%) filled out a questionnaire evaluation 	of 	the training 	
session. (This survey is summed up in a separate evaluation report.)	 	
- 	94% of 	the 	respondents expressed that they considered the quali	ty o	f the 	
training	 to be good and that the case studies were relevant. 	97% of	 the	 	
respondents stated 	that 	they would recommend the training course to other 	
people.	 	
- 	For more details from the written evaluation, please consult the full evaluation 
report	 (available from Vista	 Analysis	’s archives)	. 	
 	
Final comments	 and suggestions for the future, by Vista 	Analysis 	and CAEP	 	
- 	In the final pilot	-training of the project, 	CAEP trainers were able to conduct the 	
training well	 even though	 there had been	 recent changes in the training team. 	 	
 	
- 	Feedback from participants and the mid	-term review indicate that there still is a 	
need among EPBs and research institutes for training in SEA and CBA, and 
through the project CAEP has developed capacity to follow	-up 	on this.	 	
 	
- 	A recurring theme among participants is that it would be nice to (also) use 
Chinese case studies, drawing on concrete Chinese experiences. This is 
something CAEP may look into and include in future training.	 	
 	
- 	This was the first occasion for sever	al of the trainers to conduct a training. It is 	
recommended that CAEP finds opportunities relatively soon for the trainers to 
engage in training activities, so that they can continue their development as 
trainers.	 	
 	
- 	During trainings it has been observed tha	t capacity to absorb training varies 	
quite significantly between different provinces and institutions. It may be a good 
idea to distinguish between “high capacity EPBs/research institutes” and 
“medium capacity EPBs/research institutes”, and provide more si	mple exercises 	
for the latter group. For instance, especially the CBA case exercise is quite 
difficult and trainees who have no experience with CBA or the use of excel 
tools, would benefit from a simper version of the exercise.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
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3.4	 Knowledge level of trainer	s at end of project	 	
In January 2016, a survey was carr	ied out where the trainers self	-reported their 	
knowledge levels of key topics in the project, as was done at the beginning of the 
project (or when a person joined the project). The 	results are presented	 in table E	 	
below	. 	
In the survey we distinguished between five knowledge levels; 	 	
Level 1 = No knowledge, Level 2 = Basic knowledge (familiarity), Level 3 = Theoretical 
knowledge, Level 4 = Application level knowledge, and 5 = Expert level knowledge. 	 	
Ta	ble 	D. Knowledge level of 	trainers	 (anonymized); baseline (b	) and 	end of project (b	) 	
Name	 	
Degree of knowledge of	 	
CBA	 	SEA	 	Int. experince with 	
environmental 	planning	 	
Int. experience with 	
environm. 	risk 	
management	 	
GAINS	 	
b 	e 	b 	e 	b 	e 	b 	e 	b 	e 	
A* 	5 	5 	4 	5 	4 	5 	3 	5 	3 	3 	
B* 	5 	5 	4 	5 	4 	3 	3 	5 	3 	5 	
C* 	2 	5 	2 	4 	3 	5 	3 	5 	1 	5 	
D* 	5 	4 	2 	3 	2 	4 	1 	5 	1 	2 	
E* 	2 	4 	2 	4 	3 	4 	2 	4 	2 	4 	
F* 	3 	5 	2 	3 	2 	3 	1 	5 	1 	3 	
G* 	4 	5 	3 	5 	3 	5 	2 	5 	3 	5 	
H** 	3 	4 	2 	5 	3 	4 	3 	5 	1 	4 	
I***	 	2 	4 	1 	5 	3 	4 	2 	5 	1 	3 	
J***	 	2 	4 	1 	3 	2 	4 	3 	4 	1 	3 	
K****	 	2 	5 	2 	4 	2 	4 	4 	5 	3 	3 	
Averag	e 	3.2	 	4.5	 	2.3	 	4.2	 	2.8	 	4.1	 	2.5	 	4.8	 	1.8	 	3.6	 	
* Mapping of CAEP staff skills of April 2013. 	 	
** Skills level for H as of April 2015	. 	
*** Skills level 	for I and J	 as of 1. Septem	ber 2015	. 	
**** Skills level for K as of September 	2015.	 	
 
Table 	E. Planned vs. ex post	 (red) timeline for ToT	 (Q1= January	-March 2013) 	 	
Activity	 	2013	 	2014	 	2015	 	
Q2	 	Q3	 	Q4	 	Q5	 	Q6	 	Q7	 	Q8	 	Q9	 	Q10	 	Q11	 	Q12	 	
Planned	 	 	 	x 	 	x 	 	x 	 	x 	 	 	
Ex-ante	 	X 	 	 	X 	 	 	X 	 	X 	X 	X 	
 
In order to monitor knowledge development in the target group, a mapping survey was 
carried out at the beginning and at the end of the project. Final results and a 
comparison with the baseline survey, is presented in Vista 	Analysis 	report 2016/12 	
“Final Su	rvey of Target Group: Results and comparison with Baseline Survey”.	 	
We here include the part of the summary of this report that describes the training 	of 	
trainers:	 	
”In the project, there was also a core project group on the Chinese side consisting of 
11 CA	EP staff. In addition to participating in the general trainings, they also received 	
special training aiming at qualifying them to become trainers in the core project topics. 
Also here, we did a baseline survey and final survey of skills levels. The average	 	
results include all members of the core project group during the project, and it may be

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	18	 	
noted that more than 50% of participants in the core group shifted in the course of the 
project. Nevertheless, the survey (ref. table above) shows consistent improveme	nt on 	
all topics, with an overall development from a familiar to theoretical knowledge level (2 
and 3) in 2013, to applicable or expert (4 or 5) in 2016.”

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
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4.	 T	raining of project target group	 (activity 6c)	 	
4.1	 Timeline and progression (original plan)	 	
There 	should 	be three 2	-day in	-depth trainings of the project target group, in the late 	
fall of 2013, in the spring of 2014, and in the spring (postponed until fall) of 2015. The 
project target group consists of staff from relevant departments at MEP, CAEP staff, 
staff	 from the pilot provincial EPBs and staff from the pilot city EPBs. The output of 	
activity 6c 	should be 	three trainings of 30	-40 participants from the target group.	 	
It 	was 	suggested that training to the extent possible takes place in the pilot provinces 	
an	d cities, in order to reach the target group in the pilot provinces and cities effectively. 	
In the project, the core project team 	should 	meet for an internal workshop every six 	
months. This should to the extent possible b	e combined with the trainings. 	 	
Table 	F. Timeline for the 	in-depth 	training	 of the target group	 (Q1= Jan.	-March 2013) 	 	
Activities	 	
2013	 	2014	 	2015	 	
Q2	 	Q3	 	Q4	 	Q5	 	Q6	 	Q7	 	Q8	 	Q9	 	Q10	 	Q11	 	Q12	 	
6c: In	-depth training of target group	 	 	 	x 	 	x 	 	 	 	x 	 	 	
 
The first in	-depth training 	should 	take place in Beijing in the late fall of 2013, and 	
should 	be based on experiences and training material from phase 1 of the project; 	
Cost	-Benefit Analysis and Strategic Environmental Assessment. 	This material 	should 	
be m	odified to meet the needs of the Phase II target group. 	 	
The second in	-depth training 	should 	take place in 	xxx (tbd) in the spring of 2014. This 	
training 	should	 follow	-up on the first training (to some extent drawing on the same 	
material) and also introduc	e new examples of best practice related to 	environmental 	
risk reduction planning methodologies	 (utilizing the material from the international 	
experiences report that 	was	 to be	 produced in the fall of 2013).	 	
The third in	-depth training 	should	 take place in 	xxx (tbd)	 in the Spring of 2015. This 	
training 	should 	follow	-up on the second training (to some extent drawing on the same 	
material) and also introduce the prototype 	framework for planning for environmental 	
risk reduction	 that has been developed by the cor	e project team during 2014. The 	
training 	should 	enable provincial and city EPBs to understand the prototype framework 	
so that they can apply it in the first half of 2015, and report successes and failures.	 	
The need for further training 	should 	be considered	 during project implementation.	 	
4.2	 Differences within the target group	 	
A survey of compet	ence levels in the target group is presented in the baseline report	 	
(Vista report 2013/37)	3 of the Project and 	showed interesting differences between 	
 	 	 	
3 The baseline survey is available in 	Baseline study of Environment Planning and Risk 	
Management in China	. Vista 	Analysis 	Report 2013/37.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	20	 	
different parts 	of 	the target group	, which should be taken into account when designing 	
the training:	 	
 	At central and city level almost all members of the target group are engaged in 
environmental planning work, and up to 35% in emergency response work.	 	
 	At provincial level 70%	 of target group members work with emergency 	
response, and about 30% with environmental planning.	 	
 	The survey shows clear differences in experience with CBA and SEA between 
Jiangsu and Guizho	u, with Jiangsu being more experienced: In Jiangsu 69% 	
report expe	rience with CBA, and in Guizhou 32% report experience with CBA. 	
In Jiangsu 46% report experience with SEA, in Guizhou 23% report experience 
with SEA.	 	
 	With regards to knowledge of international experiences with environmental 
planning, there is a big differe	nce between central level (where 28% report no 	
knowledge) and the provinces/cities (where 60% report no knowledge). Also on 
this topic, Jiangsu EPB has a higher level of knowledge than Guizhou EPB. 	 	
 	Knowledge of international experiences with environmenta	l risk is higher than 	
knowledge of international experiences with environmental planning, but again 
there is a clear difference between central level (where 18% report no 
knowledge) and provinces (where 44% report no knowledge). 	 	
 	
Concerning training, the baseline report 	(Vista 	Analysis 	2013/37) 	concludes:	 	
 	“It is suggested that practical case teaching should be introduced while theoretical 
training is carried out.” (p. 79)	 	
 	“Therefore, introduction, training and study of internationa	l experience in 	
environmental risk prevention and control need major attention from this project.” 
(p. 91)	 	
 	“In addition, local environmental protection working personnel are more concerned 
about the practical use of various theoretical methods and how thes	e methods 	
adapt to work need is a critical problem that needs to be solved. Therefore, it is 
suggested that while teaching theoretical knowledge, this project can increase the 
introduction of specific policies and flow for the overseas application of the r	elated 	
technologies and methods in accordance with actual local conditions and conduct 
case analysis in the light of Chinese policy environment and actual local 
conditions.	” (p. 95)	 	
 	“ It is suggested that training should be carried out separately according	 to the 	
familiarity of different subjects with theoretical contents in the questionnaire, 
training should be given mainly to those that have great need but lack knowledge 
other than to those that have the knowledge in order to avoid repeated teaching.	” 	
(p.	 95)	 	
 	
Some conclusions:	 	
- 	Training should combine theory with practical examples and cases.	 	
- 	Central, provincial and city level all need training in all topics, but provinces and 
cities more than central level, and especially Guizhou/Anshun. 	 	
- 	Generally there	 is a higher knowledge level of CBA than SEA, but since CBA is 	
more commonly used and applicable a strong focus on CBA as well as SEA 
should be maintained. 	 	
- 	Generally, there is a higher need for training in international experiences with 
environmental plan	ning, than in international experiences with environmental risk.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	21	 	
4.3	 Exper	ience	s and recommendations from p	hase 1	 	
The Project was a follow	-up of an earlier project (2009	-2011), aimed at improving 	
effectiveness of environmental 5	-year plans at the provincial level. The earlier project is 	
referred to as “phase 1”, while the Project is referred to as “phase 	2”. This earl	ier 	
project also involved capacity building activities related to CBA and SEA, and this work 
was continued in phase 	2. The phase 1 project did not include the same provinces and 	
cities as 	in phase 2	, however.	 	
The mid	-ter	m review of the phase 1 project	 carr	ied out 	by Ste	in Hansen and Guo 	
Xiaomin	4 in February 2011	, commented 	on the training carried out in p	hase 1 and 	
provided recommendations. 	 	
Main points may be summed up as follows:	 	
 	“The reviewers recommend that a follow	-up project focuses on ensuring deeper	 	
penetration of SEA, CBA and integrated planning in the Chinese planning 
process, methodologies, rather than spreading to new concepts and 
methodologies.” (p. 28) 	 	
 	“The training courses and materials are suitable to the skill needs of Chinese 
participants.	 Especially the group discussion stimulates the enthusiasm of 	
participants and it is good for participants to use the knowledge that they learned 
from training to solve vases in practice.” (p. 27).	 	
 	“An import part of the training seminar was the two case 	studies 	– one SEA case 	
and one CBA case” (p. 17). Several interviewed participants “said that the 
“brainstorm	-method” in the case study sessions were most useful to their actual 	
tasks at home in their provinces” (p. 19).	 	
 	Finally, the reviewers propose to “	enlarge the scope of training and deepen the 	
study on specific policy processes of SEA and CBA and how they will be 
implemented in a Chinese policy context, and establish a systematic modeling 
training system.” (p. 30). 	 	
4.4	 Suggested generic forma	t of the tra	inings in p	hase 2	 	
The format 	should	 be a technical workshop. 	 	
Table 	G.	 Generic format of the three in	-depth trainings	 	
Generic format of the three	 in depth trainings	 	
Day 0	 	 	
 	Arrival of core project team	 	
Preparation together with 	trainers from CAEP	 	
Day 1	 	 	
09.00	-10.00	 	Welcome	 	
10.00	-13.00 	 	
(break ca. 11.00)	 	
3 different lectures on 	experiences (2 international,	 1 Chinese)	 	
- 	One international lecture on methodology	 	
- 	One international lecture on a case study experience	 	
- 	One Chinese 	lecture on case study experience	 	
 	 	 	
4 The mid	-term review of the phase 1 project was commissioned by NORAD, the Norwegian 	
Agency for Development Cooperation.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	22	 	
13.00	-14.00	 	Lunch	 	
14.00	-18.00	 	Case study exercise with group work: CBA	 & environmental risk	 	
Day 2	 	 	
09.00	-12.00	 	
(break ca. 10.30)	 	
3 lectures on	 experiences (2 international,	 1 Chinese)	 	
- 	One international lecture on 	methodology	 	
- 	One international lecture on a case study experience	 	
- 	One Chinese lectures on case study experience	 	
12.00	-13.00	 	Lunch	 	
13.00	-17.00	 	Case study exercise with group work: SEA	 & environmental risk	 	
Day 3	 	 	
09.00	-12.00	 	
13.00	-16.00	 	
Core project team:	 Summary of workshop result / lessons learnt	 	
Core project team: Any other business	 	
 
With this	 format, the more experienced participants 	(often central level) 	could	 choose 	
to only participate in the morning sessions. The less experienced participants 	(often 	
province and city level) 	should participate in both sessions.	 One in	-depth training 	
should ideally take place in each pilot province/city, to ensure training at the local level 
and enabling wider local p	articipation according to need.	 	
The content of	 the trainings 	would 	develop through the project, as described in the 	
section “Timeline and progression” above.	 	
A number of training resources 	were 	available for the project, and we have mapped 	
them below. New training resources 	could 	be developed accordin	g to need. Besides 	
presentation of new case studies, this could also be new case study exercises focusing 
more explicitly on the use of CBA and SEA in an environmental risk planning context to 
fit the need of our target group. The APELL programme (ref. bel	ow) has also produced 	
relevant studies with Chinese partners, and it may be relevant to draw resource 
persons into the trainings. Exact contents 	would 	be discussed and agreed within the 	
core project team ahead of each training module.	 	
4.5	 Existing training res	ources 	 	
4.5.1	 Training resources from p	hase 	1 	
 	Application of SEA and CBA methodologies in environmental planning. 	 	
o 	Book in Chinese (275 p.), which introduces SEA and CBA methodology, 
a guide for application of SEA and CBA, examples of best practises 
internationally with using SEA and CBA in environmental planning, and 
case study exercises for training.	 	
 	
 	Case study exercises on SEA and CBA (each exercise = 4	-5 hours)	 	
o 	SEA Case Study: Sustainable Transport Development on Regional 
Level	 	
o 	CBA Case Study: Im	proving Waste Water Treatment	 	
 	
 	Presentations fro	m p	hase 1 seminars:	 	
o 	Environmental planning: International experiences	 	
o 	Cost Benefit Analysis as a tool in environmental planning.	 	
o 	International experiences in environmental planning methodology 	– and 	
priorities for improved implementation	 	
o 	Integrated macroeconomic and environmental planning in Norway

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	23	 	
o 	Air pollution control in Europe: Lessons and suggestions for China.	 	
o 	EU and the distribution of national emissions ceilings (NEC	-directive)	 	
o 	CBA and SEA of h	ydropower projects and the hydro power plan in 	
Norway	 	
 	
 	Chinese case studies documented in project reports from phase 	1: 	
o 	Application reports from pilot provinces	 	
 	Hubei: SEA method and the total emission reduction plan	 	
 	Jiangsu: SEA method and atmospheric pol	lution reduction	 	
 	Yunnan: Application of CBA to total emission control of 
atmospheric and water pollutants	 	
 	Guizhou: Ap	plication of CBA to control of 	SO	2 and NO	x pollution 	
from the power sector	 	
 	
 	International case studies documented in project reports from phase 	1: 	
o 	CBA in air pollution policies: The case of the US Clean Air Act	 	
o 	CBA in air pollution policies: The case of the EU NEC Directive	 	
o 	SEA and CBA in water management: The Danube Case in the E	U 	
o 	SEA and CBA in hydro power planning: The Norwegian Master Plan for 
national development of hydropower resources	 	
o 	CBA in planning for improved land	-based ecosystem services in the 	
USA	 	
o 	Integrated land	-use management in Murray	-Darling Basin, Australia	 	
o 	CBA and SEA in integrated economic	-environmental planning in Norway 	 	
4.5.2	 Other train	ing resources (the APELL tools)	 	
Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level (APELL) is a 
methodological tool developed by UNEP focusing on the local level for ide	ntifying 	
possible industrial hazards, raising awareness of these hazards, and building local 
capacity for immediate, multi	-party response. Specific guidance materials have been 	
prepared for the chemical, mining and transport sectors, port areas and storage	 	
facilities, which have been applied in more than 30 industrial communities worldwide 
incl. China. Many of these tools seem to be relevant for the challenges and needs of 
the pilot provinces and cities in this Project. The core project team (CAEP) may chec	k 	
to what extent APELL tools already exist in Chinese, as China has been and is 
engaged in the APELL programme through MEP and Renmin and Tsin	ghua 	
universities (ref. below).	 	
APELL tools include: 	 	
 	Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level: a	 Process 	
for Responding to Technological Accident	 (1988) This “APELL Handbook” 	
provides	 the basic concepts for the development of emergency response plans 	
at the local	 level, with an emphasis on community awareness of potential 	
dangers and	 preparedness for	 all contingencies.	 	
 	Storage of Hazardous Materials: A Technical Guide for Safe Warehousing 
of Hazardous Materials	 (1990) introduces practical guidelines for safe storage 	
of hazardous materials, including information on key responsibilities, legal 
framework	s, product evaluation, warehouse siting and management, and fire 	
and environmental protection.	 	
 	Hazard Identification and Evaluation in a Local Community	 (1992) 	
describes a hazard analysis method and gives concrete examples of how to 
implement it. The repor	t also contains several annexes that provide information

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	24	 	
to enable local communities to identify and evaluate hazards.	 	
 	APELL for Port Areas: Preparedness and Response to Chemical 
Accidents in Ports	 (1996) sets out a procedure to improve community 	
awareness	 of activities involving hazardous substances in port areas and to 	
improve or create 	coordinated	 emergency response plans.	 	
 	Management of Industrial Accident Prevention and Preparedness: A 
Training Resource Package	 (1996) builds on and supports the APELL 	
process. It can also be 	used as a freestanding trainers’ package, addressing 	
select issues.	 	
 	TransAPELL: Guidance for Dangerous Goods Transport Emergency 
Planning in a Local Community	 (2000) expands the APELL guidance	 beyond 	
the risks associated with fixed facilities to include those arising from the 
shipping, distribution and transport of dangerous goods.	 	
 	APELL for Mining: Guidance for the Mining Industry in Raising Awareness 
and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local 	Level	 (2001) provides a 	
framework for the preparation of an Emergency Response Plan for communities 
near mining operations.	 	
 	Good Practice in Emergency Preparedness and Response	 (2005) is a 	
companion 	to “APELL for Mining”. In 2003, the International Council	 on Mining 	
and Metals 	(ICMM) decided to take the APELL process further by analysing 	
emergency preparedness and response capabilities within both its corporate 
and association membership. 	 	
 	Disaster Risk Reduction 	– A Toolkit for Tourism Destinations, Practi	cal 	
examples from coastal settlements in Asia	 (2008) provides information and 	
resources for local municipalities and others involved in emergency planning 
and response. It includes information on steps such as: preliminary 
assessment; capacity building; di	saster prevention; preparedness planning; and 	
communicating and disseminating key information.	 	
 	Assessing the Vulnerability of Local Communities to Disasters 	- An 	
Interactive Guide and Methodology. Community Risk Profile Tool	 (2008) 	
provides communities wit	h a means of making a rough estimate of the various 	
types of risks they are exposed to, supporting the decision	-making process, 	
especially as to whether or not further assessments are needed. It is also a tool 
that can be used to support awareness raising 	and capacity building activities. 	 	
 	Disaster Risk Management for Coastal Tourism Destinations Responding 
to Climate Change 	– A Practical Guide for Decision Makers	 (2009) provides 	
disaster managers, local and municipal planners, as well as other stakeholders	 	
in the tourism sector, with practical guidance on how to better prepare for 
disasters in coastal destinations.	 	
 	APELL Multi	-Hazard Training Kit for Local Authorities 	– For Community 	
Vulnerability Reduction, Prevention and Preparedness	 (2010) consists of 	
15	 modules containing information regarding a specific aspect of community 	
preparedness for emergencies or a common industrial or natural hazard. It 
provides a summary of the most important principles and steps in improving 
emergency preparedness, as well as	 some of the most common hazards found 	
worldwide.	 	
 	Promoting Safer Operations and Emergency Preparedness in the Value 
Chain of the Chemical Sector 	- Case Study on APELL Implementation in 	
China	 (2011) captures results and lessons learned from a 2	-year pilot 	project 	
implemented by UNEP, the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) 	of the 	
People’s Republic of 	China, and The Dow Chemical Company in the Yangtze 	
International Chemical Industry Park in Zhangjiagang, China.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	25	 	
As listed above, a case	-study on APELL 	implementation in the chemicals sector in 	
China was conducted in 2011, with MEP as a partner (ref. Ren Longjiang, Division 
Chief, Environmental Emergency Response and Accident Investigation Centre, MEP). 
One of the outputs of the project was a “Guideline f	or Environmental Emergency 	
Management in Chemical Industrial Parks”, which was disseminated at national level. 
Another output was the establishment of a new “Policy and Regulation Research 
Institute on Environmental Emergency Management and Chemical Accide	nt Prevention 	
and Preparedness” at Renmin University and an “APELL/Responsible Production 
Research Centre” at Tsinghua University. The Global APELL 25	th Anniversary Forum 	
was he	ld in Beijing in November 2011.	 	
Especially the “	APELL Multi	-Hazard Training Kit	 for Local Authorities	” (in which module 	
4-8 covers emergency planning, risk communication, fixed industrial installations, 
transport of hazardous materials and the role of small and medium enterprises) and the 
case study on the value Chain of the Chemical	 Sector in China, seem very relevant 	
and may provide a basis for training modules in the project. Please note that the case 
study on the value Chain of the Chemical Sector in China is not available on the 
internet, as far as we 	(Vista) 	can see. It is worth	 checking whether this study is 	
available from MEP.	 	
4.6	 Additional points brought forward by CAEP	 	
- 	Trainings may be carried out in different groups, such as 	on 	”CBA”, SEA” and 	
”International experiences”. Different trainers will be involved in different groups	 	
and target group member can sign up to groups according to interest and need.	 	
 	
- 	The case studies from Jiang	su and Guizhou produced during phase 1	 give a 	
good starting point for developing the training aimed at these provinces and 
should be studied during p	reparation of trainings.	 	
 	
- 	We can use the case studies from phase 	1 on the US Clean Air Act and the EU 	
NEC Directive, and more explicitly draw out the environmental risk reduction 
aspects.	 	
4.7	 The 	first training	 of pilots	, in Tongling	 May	 2014	 	
The topics for the lectures and the case studies of the first training presented below, 
are taken from the range of methodologies and cases presented in the (draft) report 
“Tackling environmental risks with environmental planning: International experiences	”. 	
The case study exercises on CBA and SEA (Vista 	Analysis 	Report 2014/21)	 5 were 	
introduced in this training, and refined during the course of the project.	 	
The training follo	wed the format suggested above.	 	
 
 	 	 	
5 Vista Analyse (2014): 	Case Exercises: Using CBA and SEA to Reduce Environmental Risk in 	
China	. Report 2014/21. By Rasmus Reinvang et 	al.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	26	 	
Table 	H. Program for pilot training in Tongling, May 2014	 	
Program for pilot training in Tongling, May 2014	 	
Day 0, May 27	 	
- 	Arrival of core project team	 	
- 	Preparation with trainers from CAEP	 	
Day 1, May 28	 	
International lecture on methodology	 	
- 	“Seveso: EU’s framework	 to reduce major environmental accident risks in 	
industry”	 	
- 	Rationale: Preventing accident risk in chemicals, mining and smelting 
industries is a major concern in Jiangsu, Guizhou, Anshun and Tongling. 	 	
- 	Comment by CAEP: 	Some of the 	pilot	s suggest we give a 	lecture on 	
industrial	 park/regional environmental assessment and management 	
methodologies and cases study.	 So we suggest this lecture focus on 	
environmental risk 	identification	, assessment and response of environmental 	
risk not only for a single plant but 	also for industrial park/region	 (we think the 	
assessment and management of industrial park/region environmental risk is 
based on single plant, but have more to 	consider	, such as 	the	 domino effect	), 	
if the Seveso framework contains such methodologies, we ca	n use them and 	
give one or two cases.	 	
 	
International lecture on case experience	 	
- 	“How to identify risks related to contaminated sites and prioritise response 
actions	: The methodology from Superfund in the USA”	 	
- 	Rationale: Contaminated sites constitute a majo	r environmental risk problem 	
in especially Guizhou province and Tongling and this lecture may be helpful	 	
- 	Comment 	by CAEP: S	uggest to add some 	introduction	 on the relationship 	
between damage and risk of contaminated lands, and how different land use 
types o	r remediation targets influence the assessment and remediation 	
actions.	 The methodologies and case presented here are knowledge basis 	
and references	 for the case exercise in the afternoon.	 	
 	
Chinese lecture (CAEP)	 	
- 	“Regional environmental risk assessments of heavy metals for local plan in 
Guangxi 	or Hunan province	” 	
- 	Rationale: Based on recent CAEP	 experience with 	three regional 	
environmental risk assessments of heavy metals for local pla	n in Guangxi 	
and Hunan province	, and we can give a lecture on heavy metal 	
environmental risk assessment based on such experiences. 	 	
 	
Case	-study exercise Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)	 	
- 	“Using CBA to decide on cost	-effective re	duction of risk	s from contaminated 	
sites	” 	
- 	Examples of cases are pr	esented with cost estimations. Participants in 	
groups carry out cost	-benefit analysis. Vista and CAEP guide the 	
participants. Results are presented and discussed in plenary at the end.	 	
 	
Day 2, May 29	 	
International lecture on methodology	 	
- 	“Co	-control: I	ntegrated and cost	-effective approach to air pollution and GHG 	
em	ission reduction	 is emerging in EU and USA”	 	
- 	Rationale: Air pollution and GHG emissions are crucial challenges in China 
today, including in the pilot provinces and cities.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	27	 	
- 	Comment: 	Suggest to focus on the air quality standards, such as how and 	
why does the standards 	evolve	 in EU and US (pollutants includ	ed, values, 	
etc.	), how were the standards formulated (based on health risk 	
consideration?), what policies and measures were 	formulat	ed	 to reduce 	
emission to comply with the standards, and the effect.	 	
 	
International lecture on case experience	 	
- 	“Integrated river basin management in the Rhine river: 	EU’s approach to 	
regional cooperation in protecting water resources and 	reducing risks to 	
health and	 ecology	” 	
- 	Rationale: Ensuring regional cooperation and handling water pollution is a 
crucial challenge in China, including in the pilot provinces and cities. 	 	
 	
Chinese lecture (CAEP responsible)	 	
- 	“Chinese experience with	 APELL pilot to reduce risk 	in Yangtze River 	
International Chemical Industry Park in Zhangjiagang	” 	
- 	Rationale: Knowledge of the experiences from this pilot will be useful for 
CAEP and the pilot provinces and pilot cities.	 	
 
Case	-study exercise Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)	 	
- 	“Securing	 an integrated approach to reduce environmental risk on river basin 	
level	” 	
- 	A fictional river basin case similar to Chinese circumstances is presented 	
with questions and ex	ercises to be answered in group	-work	, taking the 	
participants through the stages of SEA in the context of river basin 
management. 	Vista and CAEP guide the participants. Results are presented 	
and discussed in plenary at the end.	 	
 	
Day 3, May 30 (morning session)	 	
- 	Lessons learnt and next work 	plan	 	
- 	Meeting with FECO	 	
 
Evaluation report of the Tongling training	 	
Participants filled out a questionnaire after having participated in the training. A full 
summary report is available in Vista’s archives.	 	
22 representatives from province	- and city	-EPBs p	articipated: 4 from Jiangsu, 6 from 	
Tongling	, 4 from Guizhou	, 4 from Anshun	 and 4 from Chengdu	. 	
Main conclusion	 of the summary report	 by CAEP	: 	
“Participants in the training course were generally satisfied. This training session was 
moderately difficult with a reasonable time length. Group case practice, in particular, 
increased participation, and people involved have gained a lot 	of 	useful informa	tion. 	
Most of the participants were interested in one or more cases and considered them 
helpful. They generally thought they had gained a lot in terms of theoretical 
approaches, practical experience and other aspects with respect to environmental risk 
prev	ention and control and were willing to take part in follow	-up training.	 	
Since most of the participants are practitioners from environmental planning and 
emergency response, 	sentering 	the recommendations and areas of interest that are 	
provided by the participants, they hoped more training contents and cases in

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	28	 	
combination with their actual situation of work could be added, in which way to help 
digest, absorb and well apply what they had	 learned from the training course.”	 	
Idea for November training	 	
As Jiangsu province seems to have come further and have higher standards in 
environmental risk planning and management, it 	could 	be relevant to have Jiangsu 	
EPB present some best practises	 for 	the other pilots	. Maybe it is good to do this at the 	
November training, so that the pilot provinces and pilot cities in the first training are 
treated equally and get a common basis.	 	
4.8	 The second training	 of pilo	ts	, in Beijing November 2014	 	
Program	 	
Table 	I. Program for trai	ning 18	-19 November 	2014 in Beijing	 	
Program for Training 18	-19 November 2014, in Beijing	 	 	
Main program	 	Parallell 
session	 	
Day 0	 	Arrival of core project team	 	 	
Preparation by CAEP, Vista Analysis, CICERO	 	 	
Day 1	 	18.	 November	 	 	
09	-09	.30 	Welcome	 	 	
09	.30-12 	
(break 
10.30) 	
Three lectures:	 	
- 	Seveso Directive & Industrial Parks 	 	
– by H. Vennemo, Vista Analysis	 	
- 	Oslo case: Urban planning and environmental risk 
management 	 	
– by R. Reinvang, Vista Analysis	 	
- 	Regional environment risk assessment method 	 	
– by Jia Qian, CAEP	 	
 	
12-13 	Lunch	 	 	
13.30-18	 	Case study exercise with	 group work: SEA & environ.	 risk 	 	
– led by Dong Jingqi (CAEP) assisted by J.M. Skjelvik (Vista)	 	
Framework 
workshop *	 	
Day 2	 	19. November	 	 	
09	.-12.	 	
(break 
10.30)	 	
Three lectures:	 	
- 	APELL with focus on handbook for chemicals	 	
 - by K. Aunan, CICERO	 	
- 	Safety distances and land use planning	 	
- by J.M. Skjelvik (Vista Analysis)	 	
- 	Environmental risk mapping and management in Jiangsu	 	
- by	 representative from Jiangsu EPB	 	
 	
12	-13	 	Lunch	 	 	
13	-17	 	Case study exercise with group work: CBA & environ	. risk 	 	
- led by Jia Qian (CAEP) assisted by J.M. Skjelvik (Vista)	 	
Framework 
workshop * 	 	
* Led by Cao Guozhi (CAEP) and H. Vennemo (Vista). For 	available project core team and 	
senior officials from Jiangsu, Guizhou, Tongling and Anshun EPBs	. 	
 
When planning the November training, it became clear that there was a need for 
discussing the development of a framework for assessing 	acu	te and accumulated 	risk 	
(activity 3 in the project) with the representatives of pilot provinces and cities. In order 
to do this in a co	st-effective manner, a parallel	 framework workshop for senior officials 	
was planned during the case exercise work in the afternoons.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	29	 	
Eva	luation report of	 the Beijing	 training	 	
Participants filled out a questionnaire after having participated in the training. A full 
summary report is	 available in Vista’s archives.	 	
14	 representatives from provinc	e- and city	-EPBs and other environmental instit	utions 	
participated: 1 from Jiangsu, 3 from Tongling, 3	 fro	m Guizhou, 2	 from Anshun	, 2 from 	
Beijing Normal University, 1 from Nanjing University (in Jiangsu), 1 from MEP, Planning 
and Finance Department, and 1 from MEP, Emergency Center	. 	
Main conclusion	 of the summary report	 by CAEP	: 	
”The participants in the training course were generally satisfied. This training session 
was moderately difficult with a reasonable time length. 	Case study exercises, in 	
particular, increased participation, and people involved 	have gained a lot of useful 	
information. Most of the 	respondent	s were interested in one or more 	lecture or case	 	
and considered them helpful. They generally thought they had gained a lot in terms of 
theoretical approaches, practical experience and other asp	ects with respect to 	
environmental risk prevention and control, and expressed willingness to take part in 
follow	-up training. 	Many 	respondents	 pointed out that the presentations including the 	
experiences of environmental risk prevention in E	urope	, such as 	the Oslo city planning, 	
safety distance	s, etc. and Jiangsu province	, were very practical and useful. 	 	
The SEA and CBA case	 study exercises	 had been	 improved 	since the training in May 	
2014 (Tongling) with regards to	 the background, questions and answers	. This 	made 	it 	
easier for 	trainees to understand and answer the questions. These are good 	
experiences and helpful information for the following training	. (As indicated in the 	
attached report on case exercise trainings, there are still some room for refinem	ent of 	
the case exercise trainings).”	 	
Additional comments	 	
When evaluating the training, Vista 	Analysis 	and CAEP agreed that the participation 	
from pilot provinces and cities were lower (9) than expected and wished for. This may 
partly be explained by the f	act that the training took place in Beijing, and not 	in one of 	
the project pilots. (O	n the other hand, the location in Beijing allowed for increased 	
representation from MEP and Beijing Normal University.) The case exercise training 
session was also hampere	d by the fact that most participants at the training chose to 	
follow the framework workshop in the afternoon, reducing the number of participants in 
these sessions to a handful. It was agreed that it is important to ensure better 
participation from pilots 	in the final training.	 	
With regards to the output goal of activity 6c, the first training lacked participation of 8 
representatives of the target group and the second training of 16 representatives of the 
target group. This should be compensated for	 in the	 last training(s). 	 	
4.9	 Framework workshop 	and training	, in Anshun	 May 2015	 	
When planning for the third training 	to be held in	 Spring 2015, it became clear that 	
there was a need for a workshop with pilot provinces and cities about the experiences 
with tes	ting the framework for acute and accumulated environmental risk assessment 	
(ref. activity 3, 6 and 7 of the project). The experience from the November	-training had 	
been that it did not work well to combine this with normal training activit	ies. It was 	
there	fore decided to postpone the regular t	raining until the fall of 2015.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	30	 	
However, in order to capitalize on having a number of pilot representatives present and 
to compensate for a backlog in training	 of the target group	, several lectures was 	
included in the 	framework workshop program. The only normal training activity not 	
included in the program, was thus the case study exercises (ref. program below)	. 	
Program	 	
Table 	J. Program for worksho	p and training 19	-22	 May 2015, Anshun	 	
19 	-23	 May	 2015, in 	Anshun	, Guizhou province	 	
Day 0	 	19 May 	- Tuesday	 	
Afternoon	 	Arrival of core project team	 	
Preparation CAEP, Vista, CICERO	 with Guizhou and Anshun	 EPBs	 	
Day 1	 	20	 May	 - Wednesday	 	
09	:00	-09	:15	 	Welcome 	(vice ma	yor of Anshun), chaired by Bian J	inshun, director of Guizhou 	
environmental emergency center	. 	
 
09	:15	-09:45	 	
09:45	-10:30	 	
 
Break	 	
 
10:45	-11:30	 	
11:30	-12:00	 	
Chaired by Cao Guozhi	, CAEP	 	
7-step framework introduction	: 	
- 	Overall introduction of the framework	 – Vista/	CICERO	 	
- 	PAM	 (Principles, 	Approaches, Models)	 – Vista/CICERO	 	
Break	 
- 	Acute and accumulated env	ironmental	 risk assessment method	 - CAEP	 	
- 	Questions and discussion of methods (Haakon chair)	 	
12:00	-14:00	 	Lunch 	 	
 
14:0	0-15:30	 	
 
 
 
Break	 	
16:00	-17:30	 	
 
 	
Chaired by Haakon Vennemo, Vista	 	
Report 	of Jiangsu province	: 	
- 	Process 	of testing the framework	 	
- 	Findin	gs and analysis	 	
- 	Suggestions for improvement	 	
Break	 	
Report of Tongling City	: 	
- 	Process 	of testing the framework	 	
- 	Findings and analysis	 	
- 	Suggestions for improvement	 	
Day 2	 	21 May 	– Thursday 	 	
 
09	:00	-10:30	 	
 
 
 
Break	 	
10:45	-11:15	 	
 
 
 
11:15	-12:00	 	
Chaired by Rasmus Reinvang	, Vista	 	
Report of Guizhou province	: 	
- 	Process 	of testing the framework	 	
- 	Findings and analysis	 	
- 	Suggestions for improvement	 	
Break	 	
Report of Anshun City	: 	
- 	Process 	of testing the framework	 	
- 	Findings and analysis	 	
- 	Suggestions for improvement	 	
Overall discussion of testing experience from pilots	 	
12	:00	-14:00	 	Lunch	 	
 
14:00	-14:30	 	
14:30	-15.00	 	
 
15:00	-17:30	 	
(break1	5:40) 	
Chaired by Dong Zeqin, Guizhou Environ. Science Research A	cademy	 	
- 	Environmental	 risk 	indicators 	in EU and USA	, by	 Vista/	CICERO	 	
- 	Chinese c	ase 	example	 for assessing 	regional 	environmental risk	, by	 	
CAEP	 	
Concluding	 session (CAEP chair)	: 	
- 	Review 	and summary 	of workshop	 	
- 	Next step plan	 for framework	 	
Day 3	 	22 May 	- Friday	 	
Morning	 	Core 	project team: Summary of workshop result / lessons learnt	 	
Core project team: 	Next step work plan

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	31	 	
Participant list	 	
Table 	K. Part	icipant list, Anshun May 2015	 	
Name	 	Affiliation	 	Position	 	
Wen Chen	 	Foreign economic cooperation office,	 MEP	 	Project officer	 	
Cao Guozhi	 	CAEP, MEP	 	Department director	 	
Jia Qian	 	CAEP, MEP	 	Assistant researcher	 	
Zhou You	 	CAEP, MEP	 	Assistant researcher	 	
Li Chao	 	CAEP, MEP	 	Assistant researcher	 	
Fu Jiang	 	Env.	 Emergency Center 	Jiangsu Prov.	 	Investigator	 	
Wang 	Jianqiu	 	Env.	 Emergency Center Jiangsu Prov.	 	Section	 head	 	
Li Wenshuo	 	Env.	 Emergency Center Jiangsu Prov.	 	Associate	 section	 head	 	
Bian	 Jinshun	 	Env.	 Emergency Center 	Guizhou Prov.	 	Principal	 	
Zhang Shu	 	Envi	 Emergency Center Guizhou Prov.	 	Section	 head	 	
Dong 	Zeqing	 	Guizhou	 Academy Env. Science and D	esign	 	Associate dean	 	
Chen	 Feng	 	Guizhou	 Academy Env. Science and D	esign	 	N/A	 	
Wang Chengcheng	 	Guizhou	 Academy Env. Science and D	esign	 	N/A	 	
Guo Zhong	 	EPB, Tonglin	 	Chief engineer	 	
Cui Zhuanzheng	 	EPB, Tonglin	 	Principal	 	
Guan Songtao	 	EPB, Anshun	 	Director	 	
Shang Dayong	 	EPB, Anshun	 	Associate director	 	
Tian Lu	 	EPB, Anshun	 	Principal	 	
Zhang	 Huan	 	EPB, Anshun	 	Section member	 	
Peng Xianlun	 	Municipal	 government of Anshun	 	Vice mayor	 	
+ Haakon Vennemo	 & Rasmus Reinvang, Vista Analyse	 	
Comment	 	
The framework workshop included 15 representatives of the project target group: 	3 	
from Jiangsu, 5	 fro	m Guizhou, 2 from Tongling, 4	 from Anshun	, and 1 from MEP	, 	
Foreign Economic Cooperation O	ffice	 	(FECO)	. This may be considered a 	
compensation for the relatively low participation in the second training in Beijing, 
November 2014. 	 	
 
4.10	 The third training	 of pilots	, in Suzhou Fall 2015	 	
At the project team meeting in Anshun in May 2015, the third training was planned to 
take place in Nanjing in October 	– on the condition that this 	did	 not coincide with the 	
CAEP study tour to Norway/Europe. Due to convergence it was 	decided 	in a project 	
team meeting in Beijing 4 September	, to carry out the training in week 47 (16	-20.	 	
November	). City and venue 	were 	to be decided.	 	
 
During fall 2015, it was decided to hold the third training in Suzhou, Jiangsu.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	32	 	
Program	 	
Table 	L. Program of training workshop	 (incl. team meeting)	, Suzhou November	 2015	 	
Agenda for 	Training 	workshop 	in Suzhou, November 2015	 	
Time	 	Topics	 	Speaker	 	
16. Nov	 	Arrival of core project team	 	
19.00	 	Dinner (core project team)	 	
17. Nov	 	Internal project meetings 	(core project team)	 	
09	:00	-10:00	 	Policy 	recommendations	 introduction	 	CAEP	 	
09	:00	-10:30	 	Discussion of policy recommendations	 	
10:30	-10:45	 	Tea break	 	
10:45	-12:00	 	Discussion of policy recommendations	 	
12	:00	-14	:00	 	Lunch 	break	 	
14	:00	-14:30	 	Overall framework	 and introduction	 	Vista	 	
14	:30	-15:00	 	Indicators introduction	 	CAEP	 	
15:00	-15:30	 	Discussion of overall framework	 and indicators	 	
15:30	-15:45	 	Tea break	 	
15:45	-17:30	 	Discussion of overall framework	 and indicators	 	
18. Nov	 	Internal project meetings (core 	project team)	 	
09	:00	-09:40	 	Pilot progress 	introduction	 	Pilots	 	
09	:40	-10:30	 	Pilot progress discussion	 (including framework and indicators)	 	
10:30	-10:45	 	Tea break	 	
10:45	-12:00	 	Pilot progress discussion	 (including framework and indicators)	 	
12	:00	-13:30	 	Lunch	 	
13:30	-17:00	 	Preparation of trainers	 	
(trainers+Reinvang&	Skjelvik)	 	
Discussion of indicators	 	
19. Nov	 	SE	A-training of pilots	 	Internal workshop	 	
09:00	-10	:00	 	Lecture on SEA (CAEP+	Vista, 	
Reinvang)	 	
Work on indicators, policy 
recommendations	, framework 	and 	
summary 	according to need. 	
(CAEP+Vista)	 	
10:00	-10	:30	 	SEA c	ase 	introduction	 	
(CAEP, Vista observes)	 	
10:30	-10	:45	 	Tea break	 	
10:45	-12:00	 	SEA c	ase exercise training 	 	
(CAEP, Vista observes)	 	
12	:00	-13	:30	 	Lunch	 break	 	
13	:30	-17:00	 	SEA c	ase exercise training 	 	
(CAEP, Vista observes & comments)	 	
20. Nov	 	CB	A-training of pilots	 	Internal workshop	 	
09:00	-10	:00	 	Lecture on CBA (CAEP+	Vista, Skjelvik)	 	
Work on indicators, policy 
recommendations	, framework 	and 	
summary 	according to need. 	
(CAEP+Vista)	 	
10:00	-10	:30	 	CBA c	ase 	introduction	 	
(CAEP, Vista observes)	 	
10:30	-10	:45	 	Tea break	 	
10:45	-12:00	 	CBA c	ase exercise training 	 	
(CAEP, Vista observes)	 	
12	:00	-13	:30	 	Lunch	 break	 	
13	:30	-17:00	 	CBA c	ase exercise training 	 	
(CAEP, Vista observes & comments)	 	
21.	 Nov	 	Wrap	-up	 	
 	TBD

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	33	 	
Participant list	 	
Table 	M.	 Part	icipant list, Suzhou, November	 2015	 	
 	Organization	 	Name	 	Title	 	
1. 	 Nanjing EPB	 	Huang Heping	 	Section Chief	 	
2. 	 Liuhe EPB of Nanjing	 	Wang Kun	 	Section Chief	 	
3. 	 Nanjing Zhuangde Company	 	Li 	Wanwan	 	Engineer	 	
4. 	 Environmental Emergency Center of Wuxi 	 	Huang Yongshun	 	Vice director	 	
5. 	 Environmental Emergency Center of Wuxi 	 	Sun Tao	 	Section Chief	 	
6. 	 Environmental Emergency Center of Wuxi 	 	Ren Si	 	Engineer	 	
7. 	 Environmental Emergency Center of Xuzhou	 	Wang	 Hongyang	 	Director	 	
8. 	 Environmental Emergency Center of Xuzhou	 	Yan Weichai	 	Section Chief	 	
9. 	 Tongshan EPB of Xuzhou	 	Chen Shuquan	 	Director	 	
10.	 Jiangsu Zhicheng Company	 	Yan Fangting	 	Director	 	
11.	 Changzhou EPB	 	Miao Fu	 	Section Chief	 	
12.	 Jintan EPB of Changzhou	 	Jiang 	Yibin	 	Assistant captain	 	
13.	 Changzhou Re	search Academy for Env.	 Science	 	Jing Chunyan	 	Engineering	 	
14.	 Environmental Emergency Center of Suzhou	 	Xia Jianwei	 	Director	 	
15.	 Environmental Emergency Center of Suzhou	 	Gu Yingjie	 	Engineer	 	
16.	 Changshu Env. 	Emergency Center 	of Suzhou	 	Ni Guoqiang	 	Director	 	
17.	 Nantong Environmental Emergency Center	 	Cui Jun	 	Director	 	
18.	 Rudong Env.	 Emergency Center of Nantong	 	Guo Yifeng	 	Director	 	
19.	 Nanda Company of Environmental Protection	 	Lin Shulei	 	Engineer	 	
20.	 Env.	 Emergency Center of Lianyungang	 	Sun Jianguo	 	Director	 	
21.	 Environmental Emergency Center of Huaian	 	Chen Hongxia	 	Director	 	
22.	 Xuyi Env.	 Emergency Center of Huaian	 	Mei Jice	 	Section Chief	 	
23.	 Nanjing Kehong Company	 	Yang Liangliang	 	Engineer	 	
24.	 Environmental Emergency Center of Yanchen	 	Mao Jianqiu	 	Director	 	
25.	 BInhai Env.	 Emergency Center of Yanchen	 	Jiang Ruiqing	 	Director	 	
26.	 Jiangsu Re	search Academy for Env.	 Science	 	Li Guoping	 	Engineer	 	
27.	 Environmental Emergency Center of Yangzhou	 	He Jilie	 	Assistant captain	 	
28.	 Dujiang Env.	 Emergency Center of Yangzhou	 	Cai Qizhi	 	Vice director	 	
29.	 Environmental Emergency Center of Zhenjiang	 	Ye Jiazhou	 	Director	 	
30.	 Zhenjiang EPB	 	Ren Shanghua	 	Section Chief	 	
31.	 Jiangsu Bailingtiandi Company	 	Li Feng	 	Chief engineer	 	
32.	 Jiangsu Bailingtiandi Company	 	Guo Quan	 	Engineer	 	
33.	 Environmental 	Emergency Center of Taizhou	 	Yu Shirong	 	Director	 	
34.	 Taizhou EPB	 	Long Guilin	 	Section Chief	 	
35.	 Academy for Env.	 Planning of Nanjing University	 	Jiao Tao	 	Vice director	 	
36.	 Academy for Env. 	Planning of Nanjing University	 	Chen Haiquan	 	Engineer	 	
37.	 Environmental 	Emergency Center of Suqian	 	Miao Gangsong	 	Director	 	
38.	 Environmental Emergency Center of Suqian	 	Yang Bangyun	 	Section Chief	 	
39.	 Suyu Env.	 Emergency Center of Suqian	 	Fan Zhenli	 	Vice director	 	
40.	 Su Yu EPB of Suqian	 	Chen Xiuzhen	 	Engineer	 	
41.	 Shangge Company	 	Sun Haibo	 	Engineer	 	
42.	 Shangge Company	 	Chen Jia	 	Engineer	 	
43.	 Jiangsu Environmental Emergency Center	 	Wang Huizhong	 	Director	 	
44.	 Jiangsu Environmental Emergency Center	 	Fu Jiang	 	Vice Director	 	
45.	 Jiangsu Environmental Emergency Center	 	Hua Juan	 	Section Chief	 	
46.	 Jiangsu 	Environmental Emergency Center	 	Li Wenqi	 	Engineer	 	
47.	 Jiangsu Environmental Emergency Center	 	 	Engineer	 	
48.	 Guizhou Environmental Emergency Center	 	Bian Jinshun	 	Director	 	
49.	 Guizhou Environmental Emergency Center	 	Zhang Shu	 	Section Chief	 	
50.	 Tongling EPB	 	Guo Zhong	 	Chief Engineer	 	
51.	 Tongling EPB	 	Cui Zhuanzheng	 	Assistant captain	 	
52.	 Anshun EPB	 	Chen Jingyao	 	Engineer	 	
53.	 Haakon Venemmo	 	Vista Analysis	 	Director

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	34 	
 
Training evaluation	 	
Participants filled out a questionnaire after	 having participated in the training. A full 	
summary report is	 available in Vista’s archives.	 	
The Suzhou training included 	52 representatives from pilots, including a number of 	
different stakeholders from Jiangsu province (ref. table M above).	 	
Main conclus	ion	s of the summary report	 by CAEP	: 	
”The training workshop was held in Beijing November 18	-19, 2015. Representatives 	
from pilots of Jiangshu, 	Guizhou, 	Tongling and Anshun, and other representatives from 	
local environmental authorities of Jiangsu Province a	s well as staff of environmental 	
companies	 participated in this training workshop. Almost all of the 61 representatives 	
participated 	in 	SEA and CBA case study training workshop for the first time. 31 	
questionnaire	-based feedbacks were received, a response 	rate slightly above 50%.” 	 	
“Most of the 	respondents replied that the overall quality of the training course is good, 	
and both the course design and case selection are reasonable and proper. [	-] Also, 	
94% of the participants indicate a satisfaction with the	 case selection, meaning that 	
they consider the two cases as good examples of case study and can generally follow 
the designed logic.”	 	
”Almost all the participants (29 out of 31) who have submitted the evaluation 
questionnaires thought group discussion in 	this training helped improve the learning 	
effect, and only 1 participant voted “not helpful” to this question. Some of them thought 
the content of group discussion inclined towards emergency disposal and risk 
assessment. 28 (93%) of the participants would 	like to continue studying in the follow	-	
up training and to apply what they have learned in this course to work practice, while 2 
of them wouldn’t continue participating.	 	
Suggestions and opinions are similar to the previous ones we received from the 
workshops, which mainly concentrated on the training content. They hoped that 
successful examples of China’s own experience in environmental risk assessment, 
precaution and emer	gency response could be added to the training, as well as the 	
successful experience of foreign environmental risk assessment and management 
planning on an urban scale.” 	 	
”Prior to the workshop the case study document was revised. The revised case study 
gre	atly improved the overall flow of this training and avoided unnecessary time in 	
clarifying the information that was already provided in the text. In addition, participants 
generally thought they had gained a lot in terms of theoretical approaches, practica	l 	
experience and other aspects with respect to environmental risk prevention and control 
and were willing to take part in follow	-up training.”	 	
 	
54.	 Rasmus Reinvang	 	Vista Analysis	 	Doctor	 	
55.	 John Skjelvik	 	Vista Analysis	 	Doctor	 	
56.	 Kristin Aunan	 	CICERO	 	Doctor	 	
57.	 Chinese	 Academy For Env.	 Planning (CAEP)	 	Yu Fang	 	Director	 	
58.	 CAEP	 	Cao Guozhi	 	Section Chief	 	
59.	 CAEP	 	Jia Qian	 	Engineer	 	
60.	 CAEP	 	Wang Kunpeng	 	Engineer	 	
61.	 CAEP	 	Li Chao	 	Engineer	 	
62.	 CAEP	 	Zhu W enying	 	Engineer

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	35	 	
Comments	 	
- 	The Suzhou training included 52 representatives from pilots. 	This brought the 	
total number of represent	atives from pilots (the project target group) who have 	
participated in trainings up to 98 (22 in Tongling, 9 in Beijing, 15 in Anshun, 52 
in Suzhou).	 	
- 	For an assessment of the CAEP trainers’ performance at th	e Suzhou training, 	
see chapter 3 “	Training of tra	iners	 (activity 6b)”	. 	
4.11	 Results	 	
Planned versus ex	-post	 results	 	
As shown in table N below, we carried out 4 and not 3 trainings of pilots. The extra 
training in Anshun in Q8, was carried out to compensate for the low participation in the 
training held in Q6 i	n Beijing. 	 	
Table 	N. Planned versus ex	-post 	(red) timeline for pilot trainings (Q1= Jan	-March 2013) 	 	
Activities	 	2013	 	2014	 	2015	 	
Q2	 	Q3	 	Q4	 	Q5	 	Q6	 	Q7	 	Q8	 	Q9	 	Q10	 	Q11	 	Q12	 	
Planned	 	 	 	x 	 	x 	 	 	 	x 	 	 	
Ex-post	 	 	 	 	 	X 	 	X 	 	X 	 	X 	
 
As shown in 	chapter 1, we planned to train 90	-120 representatives. In total, we trained 	
98 representatives during the four training	s. We thereby achieved the planned 	
outreach. 	 	
The outcome of the trainings	 	
In order to monitor knowledge development in the target group	, a mapping survey was 	
carried out at the beginning and at the end of the project. Final results and a 
comparison with the baseline survey, is presented in Vista 	Analysis 	report 2016/12 	
“Final Survey of Target Group: Results and comparison with Baseline Su	rvey”.	 	
We here include the 	main parts of the 	summary of this report	, with the numbering of 	
figures adjusted to the numbering in this report	: 	
“In 2013, the target group consisted of 103 persons from the Ministry of Environmental 
Protection (MEP) and Chinese	 Academy of Environmental Planning (CAEP) (27 	
person in total), the provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPB) in Jiangsu and 
Guizhou (49 persons), and the city EPBs in Tongling and Anshun (27 persons). The 
mapping consisted of self	-reporting from p	roject participants, using questionnaires. 	
90% of those who filled in the first baseline questionnaire also filled in the final 
questionnaire. The mapping was carried out by CAEP, with guidance from Vista	 	
Analysis	. 	
There are drawbacks with using self	-repor	ting to measure knowledge development, 	
such as a risk of participants not reporting honestly or accurately due to possibilities for 
different interpretations and/or different degrees of self	-knowledge in the target group. 	
A development in knowledge levels 	may also be attributed to other factors than this 	
project	, and we have in the surveys not attempted to investigate that in depth. All in all 	
we consider that the surveys give a robust indication of the impact of the capacity 
building activities on the targ	et group of the project.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	36	 	
A consistent and substantial positive development in knowledge levels	 	
A comparison of the two surveys 	– the baseline survey and the final survey 	– shows a 	
consistent and substantial positive development of knowledge in the target 	group. 	 	
Figure 3	: D	evelopment in knowledge levels, 5 main topics	 aggregated	 (in % of group	) 	
 	In the survey we distinguished between five knowledge levels; 	 	
Level 1 = No knowledge, Level 2 = Basic knowledge (familiarity), Level 3 = Theoretical 
knowledge, Level 4 = Application level knowledge, and 5 = Expert level knowledge. 	 	
In the survey we asked respondents to rank their knowledge of main topics in the 
pro	ject: Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA), Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), 	
environmental risk reduction methodologies, as well as	 knowledge of	 international 	
experience with environmental planning and environmental risk reduction 
methodologies. 	 	
When we a	ggregate the responses on 	these five topics (ref. figure three	 above), we 	
see that 27% of the group were at knowledge level 3, 4 or 5 in 2013 and that this 
increased to 85% in 2016. The share stating their knowledge level is 1 has fallen from 
42% to 0.4%, 	the share with knowledge level 2 has fallen from 30% to 14 %, the share 	
with knowledge level 3 has risen from 21% to 47%, and the share with knowledge level 
“applicable” (4) or “expert” (5) level has increased from 6.8% to 38%. 	 	
Figure 4	: Development in kn	owledge levels, 	different topics	 (in %	 of group	)	
 	
42,4	
30,2	
20,6	
6,8	0,4	
14,2	
47	
38,4	
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50	
1	2	3	4 & 5	1	2	3	4 & 5	
2013	2016	
0
10
20
30
40
50
60	
1	2	3	4 & 5	1	2	3	4 & 5	
2013	2016	
CBA	SEA	Env. Risk	Intern. Exp.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	37	 	
As shown in figure four	 above, the increase in knowledge levels generally shows the 	
same positive pattern for the different main topics: CBA (total of 79% on level 3, 4 or 
5), SEA (total of 83% on level 3, 4 or 5), environmental risk reduction methodologies 
(total of 87% on leve	l 3, 4 or 5), and international experiences (total of 88% on level 3, 	
4 or 5)	 in 2016	. The topic ‘Environmental Risk Reduction Methodologies’ got the 	
highest share of experts, with 43%.	 	
We do, however, see differences between the main groups of the project	; government 	
officials at central level (MEP/CAEP), provincial level (Jiangsu and Guizhou) and local 
city level (Tongling and Anshun), ref. figure C below.	 	
Figure 5	: Development in knowl.	 levels	, main topics (aggregated) by	 groups	 (% of group)	 
 	
The genera	l picture is that especially the MEP/CAEP staff has benefited from the 	
project 	– with more than 80% of participants at a knowledge level of 4 or 5	 in 2016	 	
(compared with 11% when the project began). This is not surprising, as the MEP/CAEP 
group also includ	es 11 staff 	members 	that participated in the core project group (see 	
below).	 	
Improvement for provincial and city/local staff is also high, however, with more than 
80% of participants at a knowledge level of 3, 4 or 5 	in 2016 	(compared with +20% at 	
the begi	nning of the project). It is surprising that the city/local participants score higher 	
than provincial participants (both in 2013 and 2016), as it goes against the general 
impression that provincial participants have higher skills levels. It may simply be d	ue to 	
different standards for self	-reporting, as the difference is not very big 	– but consistent. 	 	
It is worth noting that when conducting the final survey, we received a number of 
responses 	(32) 	from staff at MEP/CAEP who had not participated in the pro	ject. They 	
consistently score higher than the target group did in 2013, but significantly lower than 
the target group participants who had been involved in the 	whole 	project. This indicates 	
that 	during	 the period of the project there has been a general 	kno	wledge 	increase at 	
MEP/CAEP in the project topics, but that the participants have developed their 
knowledge even further.	 	
0
20
40
60
80
100	
1	2	3	4 & 5	1	2	3	4 & 5	
2013	2016	
MEP/CAEP	Province	City

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	38	 	
Figure 6	: Development in knowledge of GAINS and MSG	-6, by main groups (	% of group	) 	
 	
The project also had a focus on training 	related to use of GAINS and MSG	-6 	
methodologies. This training was mainly aimed at CAEP staff, and was not included in 
the four training sessions held especially for the pilot provinces and cities. Survey 
results (ref. f	igure six	 above), show a signifant i	ncrease in knowledge levels at the 	
CAEP/MEP level where more than 90% have reached theoretical level of knowledge 
(3) or more and 60% have an applicable (4) or expert (5) level of knowledge. Also 
provinces and cities have clearly benefited from the trainin	g related to GAINS and 	
MSG	-6, with about 50% at level 3, 4 or 5. 	 	
The project has had impact on the practise of government officials	 	
The participants were asked in the final survey whether the training and international 
experience received through the proj	ect had been helpful in their everyday work. They 	
were also asked if the training and international experience received through the 
project had made them do things differently in their work, and asked to provide an 
example. 99% responded yes to the first o	f these questions, and 87% to the other. 	
Only at the provincial level (14%) and the city level (20%) did some respondents note 
that the project had not made them do things differently.	 	
There is 	a need to expand on methods and tools to manage environmental 	risk	 	
In the surveys, we also asked a general question aimed at assessing whether current 
methods and tools used in work on environmental planning and/or emergency 
response are considered sufficient. Project participants were asked to reply on a scale 
from 	1-5 (1= “they are not at all sufficient”, 5 = “they fully cover my needs”). The survey 	
showed that 30% 	in 2013 	regarded the sufficiency of current methods and tools 	
somewhat positively (answer of 3, 4 or 5), and that this had increased to 64% in 2016. 
The 	rating is similar among the different groups and the survey indicates that there still 	
is a need to improve and possibly expand the portfolio of methods and tools available 
for public officials working with environmental planning and risk management in Chi	na.”	 	
Here the quote of the main parts of the summary of the Vista Analysis report 2016/12 
“Final Survey of Target Group: Results and comparison with Baseline Survey” ends.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	39	 	
5.	 GAINS training 	(activity 6d	) 	
5.1	 Introduction	 	
From the project implementation plan (ref. 	the internal 	Inception report	, of August 	
2013	)6: 	
A training course on GAINS shall in Q3	-Q4 be held in China or Austria for about 10 	
MEP and CAEP officials, involving Chinese scholars who have visited the IIASA cen	tre 	
in Austria and/or have extensive knowledge of the GAINS model. 	It is also possible to 	
have one expert in air pollution modelling from CAEP visiting IIASA in Austria for 
around 10 days.	 	
5.2	 GAINS workshop program, December 2013	 	
 
Table 	O.	 GAINS workshop program, December 2013	 	
Dec. 25	th, 2013	（	Beijing || Tibet Building	）	 	
Time	 	Content	 	Speaker	 	
9:30-	
11	:40	 	Chair	：	CAEP, YU Fang, Senior Researcher	 	
9:30-	
9:40 	Opening Speech	 	
9:40-	
11	:10 	
Framework of 	GAINS	 and its 	
Applicabilities	 	
Tsinghua 	University	 	
Professor ZHANG Qiang	 	
11:10	-	
11	:40	 	Questions and Discussion	 	
11:40	-	
13:30	 	Lunch and Break	 	
13:30-	
16:40	 	Chair	: CAEP, YU Fang, 	Deputy Director & 	Senior Researcher	 	
13:30	-	
14:30	 	Application Cases of 	GAINS	 model	 	
Energy Research Institute, National 
Development and Reform Commission	 	
Senior Researcher, JIANG Kejun	 	
14:30	-	
15:00 	Questions and Discussion	 	
15:0	0-	
15:20	 	Tea Break	 	
15:20	-	
16:00	 	
Case Studies of the Synergistic Effects on 	
Chinese Air Pollution Prevention	 	
CAEP	 	
Researcher,	 LEI Yu	 	
16:00	-	
16:30	 	Questions and Discussion	 	
16:30	-	
16:40	 	Summary	 	
Dinner	 	
 	 	 	
6 The Inception report provided an updated project implementation plan. Quite some time had 
elapsed from the design of the project in the project proposal to the actual start of the project, 
and this made it necessary to update and clarify the content	 of the Project in an inception report.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	40	 	
5.3	 Report from GAINS	-training in Beijing, 25	. December 2013	 	
By CAEP	 	
On December 25, 2013, the Center for Environmental Risk and Damages Assessment 
(CERDA) under Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning (CAEP) of Ministry of 
Environmental Protection held “GAINs Model Application Exchange and Training 
Session” at Beijing T	ibet Hotel. 	 	
Professor Zhang Qiang from Tsinghua University, researcher Jiang Kejun from Energy 
Research Institute, National Development and Reform Commission and associate 
researcher Lei Yu from Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning (CAEP) of 
Ministr	y of Environmental Protection were invited to the session to hold seminars 	
respectively as well as training, exchange and discussion on issues such as GAINs 
model framework and applicability research, application example research and 
synergistic effect of 	air pollution control. Other attendees to the session include 	
technical professionals from Emergency Center under Ministry of Environmental 
Protection, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning (CAEP) as well as Jiangsu 
Province, Hubei Province, Yunnan Pr	ovince and To	ngling City of Anhui Province. 	 	
Figure	 7: Photo from GAINS	-seminar in Beijing, 25 Dec. 2013.	 	
 	
 
The session	 can be summarized as follows: 	 	
1. Professor Zhang Qiang mainly presented the theoretical framework of GAINs 
model, its applicability, mode	 of operation, webpage tool uses and application 	
cases, and pointed out that GAINs was a comprehensive integrated model for 
multi	-pollutant and multi	-environmental cooperative control effect. By 	
introducing global	-scale GAINs	-Asia application experiences a	nd regional	-scale 	
GAINs	-City, his group developed the Excel	-based scenario custom tool for 	
convenient policy selection method, thus to build a more friendly policy decision 
tool. 	 	
 	
2. Research fellow Jiang Kejun focused on the methodological framework of 
regi	onal energy environmental model (IPAC/AIM	-Local), presented the 	
abutment between energy scenarios and relative technical parameters and 
GAINs model from the perspective of energy economy and energy environment 
as well as their roles in the application of t	he model, pointed out that policy

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	41	 	
orientation and industrial restructuring together constitute the optimal result of 
GAINs targeting coordinated development of environment and economy, and 
illustrated the effective application of GAINS in practical policy 	formulation and 	
decision support with vivid examples. 	 	
 	
3. Lei Yu, an associated research fellow, summarized the local application of CGE 
model, LEAP model, emission inventory and other technologies by presenting 
economic model driven and energy 	scenario	-driven application cases, 	
elaborated the analysis process of synergistic effect of air pollution control, 
pointed out that GAINs model had achieved integration and optimization of 
such functions as building development scenario, estimating emissio	n, 	
analyzing environmental quality change and its impact on health and ecology, 
and recommended that Chinese development of similar analysis tools should 
highlight localization and scheme optimization.	 	
 
In the end, 	deputy director	 Yu Fang, in combination with formulation of emergency plan 	
of Hengshui city for heavy pollution weather, presented the general idea and practices 
on formulation of an emergency control program for heavy pollution weather, and 
assessment of air quality and	 its	 impact on health and economy. 	 	
Deputy director Mao Jingying from Emergency Center under Ministry of Environmental 
Protection, 	deputy director	 Yu Fang from Chinese Academy for Environmental 	
Planning (CAEP) and chief engineer Guo Zhong from Tongling Mun	icipal 	
Environmental Protection Bureau voiced their own opinions and relevant issues 
regarding the above content and had a heated discussion with those present at the 
session.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	42	 	
Table 	P. Participant list, GAINS training December 20	13	 	
No.	 	Name	 	Org.	 	
1 	Jiang Kejun	 	Energy Research Institute of NDRC	 	
2 	Zhang Qiang	 	Tsinghua University	 	
3 	Lei Yu	 	Atmospheric Environment Institute of CAEP	 	
4 	Li Dan	 	Guizhou EPB	 	
5 	Zhang Shu	 	Guizhou Environmental Emergency Center	 	
6 	Liu Aihua	 	Hubei EPB	 	
7 	Rong Yu	 	Hubei Research Academy for Environmental Science 	 	
8 	Meng Ye	 	Yun Nan EPB	 	
9 	Chen Yuanxiang	 	Yunnan Research Academy for Environmental Science	 	
10	 	Feng Bin	 	Jiangsu Research Academy for Environmental Science	 	
11	 	Li Li	 	Jiangsu Research Academy for 	Environmental Science	 	
12	 	Guo Zhong	 	Tongling EPB	 	
13	 	Zhang Jianquan	 	Tongling EPB	 	
14	 	Mao Jianying	 	Environmental Emergency Center of MEP	 	
15	 	Zhang Long	 	Environmental Emergency Center of MEP	 	
16	 	Yang Qian	 	FECO of MEP	 	
17	 	Yu Fang	 	CERDA of CAEP	 	
18	 	Cao Guozhi	 	CERDA of CAEP	 	
19	 	Tian Chao	 	CERDA of CAEP	 	
20	 	Dong Jingqi	 	CERDA of CAEP	 	
21	 	Jia Qian	 	CERDA of CAEP	 	
22	 	Chi Ting	 	CERDA of CAEP	 	
23	 	Zhang Yanshen	 	CERDA of CAEP	 	
24	 	Niu Kunyu	 	CERDA of CAEP	 	
25	 	Qi Ji	 	CERDA of CAEP	 	
26	 	Zhou You	 	CERDA of CAEP	 	
27	 	Zhao Xuetao	 	CERDA of CAEP	 	
28	 	Ma Guoxia	 	CERDA of CAEP	 	
29	 	Liu Lancui	 	CERDA of CAEP	 	
30	 	Zhou Ying	 	CERDA of CAEP	 	
31	 	Chen Xiaojun	 	Atmospheric Environment Institute of CAEP	 	
32	 	Jin Ling	 	Atmospheric Environment Institute of CAEP	 	
33	 	Wang Lijuan	 	Atmospheric Environment 	Institute of CAEP	 	
34	 	Wang Huili	 	Atmospheric Environment Institute of CAEP	 	
35	 	Liu Nairui	 	Atmospheric Environment Institute of CAEP	 	
36	 	Yan Zhen	 	Atmospheric Environment Institute of CAEP	 	
37	 	Zhang Jing	 	Policy Simulation Laboratory of CAEP	 	
38	 	Cheng Xi	 	Policy Simulation Laboratory of CAEP	 	
39	 	Liu Shijie	 	Policy Simulation Laboratory of CAEP	 	
8 	Meng Ye	 	Yun Nan EPB	 	
9 	Chen Yuanxiang	 	Yunnan Research Academy for Environmental Science	 	
10	 	Feng Bin	 	Jiangsu Research Academy for Environmental Science	 	
11	 	Li Li	 	Jiangsu Research Academy for Environmental Science	 	
12	 	Guo Zhong	 	Tongling EPB	 	
13	 	Zhang Jianquan	 	Tongling EPB	 	
14	 	Mao Jianying	 	Environmental Emergency Center of MEP	 	
15	 	Zhang Long	 	Environmental Emergency Center of MEP	 	
16	 	Yang Qian	 	FECO of MEP	 	
17	 	Yu Fang	 	CERDA of CAEP	 	
18	 	Cao Guozhi	 	CERDA of CAEP	 	
19	 	Tian Chao	 	CERDA of CAEP	 	
20	 	Dong Jingqi	 	CERDA of CAEP	 	
21	 	Jia Qian	 	CERDA of CAEP	 	
22	 	Chi Ting	 	CERDA of CAEP

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	43	 	
5.4	 Visit to IIASA by CAEP, 2015	 	
The original plan was that Dr. Cao Guozhi of CAEP should visit IIASA in	 May 2015 to 	
receive training in GAINS. The visit had to be postponed for various reasons and it was 
decided to find a replacement for Dr. Cao who could participate in training.	 	
In 	September 2015	, the 	Head of the Environmental Health Assessment Group in 	
CE	RDA (	Dr. 	Zhang Yanshen) 	ha	d been nominated to visit IIASA and receive training in 	
GAINS.	 Dr. Zhang Yanshen 	should	 visit IIASA 23.10	-30.10.2015. The training 	should	 	
take place in a small group (3	-4) wi	th scientists from other countries.	 	
5.4.1	 Participant r	eport 	of 	the 	visit to IIASA, November 2015	 	
By Dr. Zhang: Summary of training session on GAINS model in IIASA, Nov. 2015	 	
1. Basic information	 	
Dr. Zhang Yanshen, member of Chinese Acade	my for Environmental Planning 	
(CAEP	), took part in the training session with re	spect of the GAINS model from 	
October 22	nd to 30	th, 2015 at International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis ( 	
IIASA) in Vienna of Austria, 	supported by the project 	“Planning for Cost	-effective 	
Environmental Risk Reduction in China”. 	Dr. Zig Klimont	 an	d his colleagues at IIASA, 	
including Dr. Robert Sander, Dr. Peter Rafaj, Dr. Jens Borken, Dr. Nguyen Thanh Binh, 
Dr. Gregor Kiesewetter, and Dr. Wolfgang Schoepp, made a detailed introduction on 
GAINS models in nine days. Dr. Naoko Matsumoto from Japan, an	d Dr. Savitri Garivait 	
and her research team from Thailand, also took part in the training session together.	 	
2. 	Training content	 	
Generally speaking, the training session was interactive, informative and not extremely 
formal. The training session stressed 	on the interaction with model development 	
allowing new and more advanced users to learn key GAINS features and how the 
issues encountered during the development of the GAINS model had been resolved.	 	
Dr. Zig Klimont introduced the GAINS princ	iples and its a	pplications in Europe and the 	
workflow to create an emission scenario, and the GAINS operation, including creating 
new emission scenario, creating new activity pathway, creating new control strategy, 
assigning pathways and control strategies to the scenari	o, downloading, modifying and 	
uploading activity data and control strategy and the modifications, and analyzing the 
effects of changes introduced, et al. Dr. Robert Sander introduced the interface of new 
GAINS version (GAINS 3) and set up the access to the	 GAINS with expert mode.	 	
Additionally, the IIASA team gave more detailed information about GAINS elements, 
including what is a scenario and its main elements in GAINS, principles of emission 
calculation in GAINS, understanding the data and exchange in GAIN	S with the model 	
template in energy sector, transport sector, agriculture sector. Dr. Wolfgang Schoepp 
also introduced methods for the air quality modeling and health impact assessment in 
GAINS model. Dr. Savitri Garivait introduced her work on developing 	the activity data, 	
emission, air quality and impact etc. in Thailand with the framework of GAINS.	 	
3. 	Gains and 	future	 application	 	
The training session was very rewarding and improved remarkably my ability in policy 
analysis. Through the training session at	 IIASA, I understood the principles of the 	
GAINS model and its framework, and learned how to operate the models to conduct a 
policy scenario analysis. The most important is that I understood what the GAINS

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	44	 	
model can do and its application in different area	s with different objectives. 	
Unfortunately, some contents of the training session were very difficult for me to master 
the detailed elements of the GAINS because of limited amount of time and my 
knowledge backgrou	nd.	 	
Research team from Tsinghua University 	has built the GAINS China with support of 	
IIASA and are now developing the GAINS city in China. The GAINS China provides 	a 	
readily available tool	 for us to conduct an air pollution control policy impact 	
assessment. We will establish contact with research t	eam from Tsinghua University, 	
and be familiar with the current activity data, scenarios, control measures, efficiencies 
and application limits of GAINS China and GAINS City.	 	
I will collect the presentation from the training session and absorb the essence, 	and 	
develop the real or virtual case study that used the GAINS models to carry out air 
pollution control policy analysis. I will give presentations and share experience in 
internal communications with my colleagues in CAEP, or at external conference with 
other research fellow on pol	icy analysis, or policy makers.	 	
W	e will apply the GAINS model to the policy analysis as much as possible, such as the 	
reachability of air pollution control action plan, impact analysis of air pollution control on 
air quality or h	uman health. We will establish close cooperation with Tsinghua 	
University and Atmospheric Environment Institute of CAEP, and participate in the 
formulation of air pollution control policies, and transmit the GAINS model to more 
research fellow	s and policym	akers.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	45	 	
6.	 MSG	-6 training	 (activity 6e)	 	
Computable general equilibrium (	CGE	) models	 are a class of economic 	models	 that 	
use actual economic data to estimate how an economy might react to changes in 
policy, technology or other external factors	. 	MSG	-6 is a model	 of the Norwegian 	
economy developed at Statistics Norway	.7 	
From the implementation plan (ref. 	the 	Inception report	, of August 2013	): 	
One individual from CAEP will receive in	-depth training in the use of the MSG	-6 model 	
through a 3	-4 month internship 	at Statistics Norway (Q5 and Q6). After the internship, 	
the CAEP representative will transfer and apply aquired knowledge in China over a 
period of 6 months with guidance from Norway. After the 6 months, the CAEP 
representative will again visit Norway (Q9)	 to discuss practical issues related to 	
applying an MSG	-type model in China. 	 	
Output: Training in Oslo of CAEP representative in the CGE model MSG	-6. Similar 	
model developed/in development at CAEP. Report on training and experience with 
using CGE models of	 the MSG	-6 type at CAEP.	 	
6.1	 CAEP report of	 CGE model training at Statistics Norway	 	
By Ma Guoxia, May 2015	.8 	
Overview of work from first period of stay at SSB (April 1st 	– July 1st 2014)	 	
During the first period of stay at SSB, I studied the macro balance, the syntax of 
GAMS, how to construct the simple (2*2*2) economic model, and the SNOW model. 	 	
The first month, I studied the syntax of GAMS, and made a presentation about “Green 
Input	-outp	ut Model Construction and Simulation in China” to exchange what I did on 	
the input	-output model. The second month, I studied to construct the simple (2*2*2) 	
economic model, and supervisor Orvika provided some documents to study the simple 
model and CES fun	ctions. Orvika made some exercises to simulate simple scenarios. 	
The third month, I studied the syntax of MPSGE and the CGE model SNOW 
constructed by SSB, wrote the SNOW model function and hand book as shown in 
Supplementary Information 1 and 2. At last, I	 made a presentation to discuss some 	
thoughts on how to construct the China Environmental CGE model, which were as 
follows:	 	
 	 	 	
7 	An introduction to the model is available at the Statistics Norway website: 	
http://www.ssb.no/nasjonalregnskap	-og	-konjunkturer/artikler	-og	-publikasjoner/macroeconomic	-	
properties	-of-the	-norwegian	-applied	-general	-equilibrium	-model	-msg6	 	8 This chapter also exists as a separate report in the Vist	a Analysis project archive. Note that 	
the full report also contains 	subchapters “The China environmental CGE model”, “Tax on four 	
environmental pollution sectors”, “Subsidy on three environmental tratement sectors”, “A cap on 
PM	2.5 	emissions”, 	”Supplementary information 1: Function of SNOW model” and 	
”Supplementary Information 2: Handbook of SNOW model”, which have not been included here.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	46	 	
1) 	We would like to simulate the impact of environmental treatment on GDP. 
China will invest 5000 billion to control air pollution. So,	 we want to know if 	
this environmental investment increases economic development and what 
kind of industries would grow quickly? How much can emissions be 
reduced with this investment and what kinds of benefits can be achieved? 
How do we deal with the data	 of input	-output, should we split the 	
environmental investment from the investment firstly?	 	
2) 	China has implemented the emission reduction of SO	2, NO	X, COD, NH	3 in 	
the twelfth five	-year plan, one question we are interested in is how to 	
distribute the reducti	on target in different industries? The second question 	
is what is the impact of emission reduction to different industries and GDP 
and other economic indices? 	Can we simulate these questions?	 	
3) 	We want to simulate the trend of environmental cost with the eco	nomic 	
development, to understand if the relationship between environmental 
cost and economic development is decoupling or not. 	Can this be 	
simulated by CGE? 	 	
4) 	Is it	 difficult to simulate the impact 	of industrial trade on environmental 	
pollution?	 As far as I know, virtual water, virtual carbon can be simulated 	
by CGE. 	Can we simulate virtual pollution by CGE?	 	
Overview of main work in preparation for second period of stay	 	
When I came back to China, I focused on how to construct the China Environmen	tal 	
CGE model. 	I focused on three parts:	 	
Data accounting 	 	
 	The environmental input	-output table was finished. Two tasks were completed. 	
1) Splitting the air 	environmental 	industr	y from traditional industries. 2	）	
Splitting the air 	environmental	 industry inves	tment from gross capital 	
formation.	 	
 	PM2.5 produced and discharged were accounted for. In China, the 	
government did not publish the amount of 	PM	2.5 produced and discharged. I 	
had to investigate how to account it. It is a complicated problem and I asked 
an 	expert on air pollution treatment, and found some parameters to account 	
for it.	 	
Data model in GDX format	 	
 	Set the domain of rows and columns	 	
 	Exchange excel data of XLS format to 	GAMS	 data of GDX format.	 	
 	Check whether the load data is balanced.	 	
 	Set some para	meters to GDX	 	
 	Check the relationship of parameters if they imply zero	-profit and market 	
clearance	 	
 	Unload data into GDX	-file as the model input. 	 	
 	Exchange the data of GDX to excel for checking conveniently	 	
China	-CGE Model construction	 	
 	Load data of GDX	 	
 	Set 	parameters and tax equation.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	47	 	
 	Set an equation to account 	PM	2.5 produced and discharged in model.	 	
 	Construct the nesting activities structure figures of CGE model.	 	
 	Construct the model equations in MPSGE.	 	
What were main challenges for my project?	 	
Although I was able to construct the China Environmental CGE model, there were 
some difficulties and problems with the model. 	 	
 	I was initially not able to calibrate the model parameters, and could not run the 
business as usual scenario. 	 	
 	Elasticity specifi	cation: The elasticities should be specified based on new 	
values in the China Environmental CGE model (sensitivity analysis). 	 	
 	It was difficult for me to set up the valuable scenarios and get interesting 
simulated results. 	 	
 	The literature on CGE models sho	uld be studied further and I need to spend 	
more time and guidance on this.	 	
 	
Overview of work from second period of stay (March 1	st – March 31st 2015)	 	
With some problems and difficulties, I went to Norway and stayed here for one month. 
The figure below can 	explain what happened in this month. The first week, I made a 	
presentation to discuss what I did and what I would do in this month with Orvika and 
Taran, with Orvika’s help. The basic model worked on Monday of the second week. 
During the second week, I mad	e the second presentation to discuss a paper by Kiuila 	
and Rutherford (2013)	9 and the nest structure of the China Environmental CGE model. 	
During the third week, with the help of Orvika, the China Environmental CGE model 
worked, but the results of the simu	lations were not reasonable. During the fourth week, 	
we checked the data and model once more, and revised the model to work. Now, the 
China Environmental CGE model works and some simulation results seem to be 
reasonable.	 	
6.2	 Statistics Norway	’s	 report of the	 training at SSB	 	
By Tharan Fæhn and Orvika Rosnes, Statistics Norway (SSB), May 2015.	10 	
Dr. Ma Guoxia stayed as a visiting researcher at Statistics Norway (SSB), Section for 
Energy and Environmental Economics in the Research Department, in two periods, 
Apri	l – June 2014 (3 months) and March 2015 (1 month). 	 	
Dr. Ma Guoxia worked closely together with Researcher Orvika Rosnes in SSB. In 
addition, Taran Fæhn (Head of the Section for Energy and Environmental Economics) 
and Brita Bye (Senior Researcher) participa	ted in the project. 	 	
The purpose of Dr. Ma Guoxia’s visit was to obtain basic training in CGE	-modelling in 	
GAMS/MPSGE, in order to enable her to develop a CGE	-model for the Chinese 	
 	 	 	
9 O.	 Kiuila, T.F.	 Rutherford. 	The cost of reducing CO2 emissions: Integrating abatement 	
technologies into e	conomic modelling. 	Ecological Economics	, 87(2013): 62	-71	 	10 This subchapter also exists as a separate document in the Vista Analysis’ Project archive.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	48	 	
economy at the Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning (CAEP) in Beijing	, where 	
Ma Gouxia is affiliated. 	 	
During the first stay in spring 2014, Dr. Ma Guoxia has: 	 	
1. Learned the basics of CGE	-modelling in GAMS and MPSGE software, by using 	
simple one	-country, 2	-sector models. She developed a simple model, calibrated 	
it and carrie	d out simple analyses.	 	
2. Studied the large	-scale SNoW model of Statistics Norway and learned about 	
the data and calibration procedures of SNoW. 	 	
3. Interpreted MPSGE coding by translating it to algebraic model representation. 	 	
4. Outlined the plans for development	 of a CGE model for Chinese economy. 	 	
During autumn and winter 2014, while at CAEP, Dr. Ma Guoxia collected data and 
constructed and calibrated the first version of the large	-scale CGE model for the 	
Chinese economy. 	 	
During her second stay in Norway in Mar	ch 2015, Dr. Ma Guoxia has: 	 	
1. Refined the Chinese CGE model further to include emissions of PM	2.5 and 	
possibilities to invest in PM	2.5 	treatment. 	 	
2. Carried out some policy analyses to test the model. 	 	
 	
Dr. Ma Guoxia has made impressive progress during the project and developed a CGE 
model that can be used and extended for various analyses of the Chinese economy.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	49	 	
7.	 Study tour to Norway	 (activity 6f)	 	
From the implementation plan (ref. Inception report	, of	 August 2013	): 	
Exchange visit of CAEP and relevant 	officials	 to Norway for studies of environmental 	
planning and risk assessment, and 	methodologies	 and experiences in risk control and 	
preventions. Institutions to be visited inc	lude, e.g., Statis	tics Norway	, Ministry of 	
Environment, Klif, DSB, Provincial authorities of an industrialized area (possibly 
Fylkesmannen of Telemark county), academic institutions.	 	
7.1	 Discussions and considerations 2013	-2014	 	
The topic of 	the 	study tour to Norway has been discussed seve	ral times at project team 	
meetings. In the first phase of the project (Q1	-Q6) it was registered that the political 	
climate between Chinese and Norwegian authorities may make such a visit difficult and 
it was decided to wait with detailed planning until the	 situation became 	clearer	. A 	
potential ti	me for such a visit was set to Q10	-Q11 (summer 2015).	 	
In the fall of 2014, investigations were made to ascertain the realism of a study	-tour to 	
Norway. The 	full	-scale rescue and cooperation exercise in Oslo’s main h	arbor 28	-29 	
April 2015 (	HarbourEx15), was considered as one suitable and possible occasion for a 	
visit. 	 	
7.2	 Final plans 2015	 	
Spring 2015	 	
- 	During the Spring of 2015 it was established that a Chinese study tour to 
Norway in the summer of 2015 was not realistic. 	At the Anshun meeting 21	-22 	
May, it was agreed that CAEP will pursue opportunities to arrange a relevant 
study tour to Germany and the Czech Republic in the Fall of 2015. 	 CAEP and 	
Vista 	Analysis 	will have a workshop on the final day of the tour, to discus	s 	
learning input.	 	
 	
Summer 2015	 	
- 	CAEP planned study tour t	o Germany and the Czech Republic	 19	-23 October. 	 	
 	
 	
September 2015	 	
- 	Project team meeting in Beijing 4 Sept.: The study tour must be moved to 7	-12 	
December, due to work load incl. mid	-term evaluation of 	project in October.	 	
- 	The preliminary program for the study tour is presented in table Q below.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	50	 	
Table 	Q.	 Preliminary	 program	 for study tour (of September 2015)	 	
Activity	 	Date	 	Location	 	Description	 	
Visiting	 to 	Federal Ministry for 	the 	
Environment, Nature Conservation, 
Building and Nuclear Safety (	BMUB	) 	
7.12	 	Bonn	 	Plant safety and the German 
Major Accidents Ordinance	 	
Workshop in NRW	 (Nordrhein	-	
Westphalen)	 	
7.12	 	Essen	 	Regulation: Federal Soil 
Protection Act and Ordinance	 	
Risk assessmen	t standards: 	
pathways “soil	-human being” 	
and “soil	-plants”	 	
BASF	 (company)	 	8.12	 	Ludwigshafen	 	Env	ironmental	 monitoring and 	
emergency management in 
BASF	 	
Monitoring station in Worms	 	8.12	 	Worms	 	Presentations about water 
policy and	 about monitoring.	 	
Visit to 	International Commission for 	
the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR)	 	
9.12	 	Koblenz	 	2-hour presentation & 
discussion / 	exchange	 at the 	
ICPR secretariat	 	
Melnik Environmental Protection 
Bureau	 	
10.12	 	Melnik	 	Meeting and discussion	 	
Czech Env. Inspectorate	 	11.12	 	Prag	ue	 	Meeting and discussion	 	
CAEP, Vista Analyse, FECO, Local 
EPBs	 	
12.12	 	Prague	 	Internal workshop	 	
 
Table 	R. Participant list for study tour (of September 2015)	 	
Name	 	Aff	iliation 	 	
Yong W ang	 	Foreign Economic Cooperation Office (Div. 	II), Ministry of Environmental Protection	 	
Chen Wen	 	Foreign Economic Cooperation Office, Ministry of Environmental Protection	 	
Zhigeng Deng	 	Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning	 	
Fang Yu	 	Center for Environmental Risk and Damage Assessment, CAEP	 	
Guozhi Cao	 	Center for Environmental Risk and Damage Assessment, CAEP	 	
Chao Li	 	Center for Environmental Risk and Damage Assessment, CAEP	 	
Huizhong 
Wang	 	
Center of Environmental Emergency and Accident Investigation, 	 	
Department of Environmental Protection of 	Jiansu Province	 	
Jinshun Bian	 	
Center of Environmental Emergency and Accident Investigation, 	 	
Department of Envionmental Protection of Guizhouu Province	 	
Songtao Guan	 	Environmental Protection Bureau of Anshun	 	
Chengkuan 
Zhu	 	Environmental Protection Bureau of Tongling 	 	
 
7.3	 CAEP re	port of study tour to 	Europe	 including learning 	
points	, December 2015	 	
The numbering of tables 	and figures 	has 	in chapter 7.3 	been adapted 	by Vista 	to the 	
numbering in this report.	 	
To promote and carry out the Sino	-Norwegian project entitled Cost	-Effective 	
Environmental Risk reduction and follow the project action plan, Yu Fang, Cao Dong,

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	51	 	
Cao Guozhi, Li Chao from Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning together with 
Yang Yuchuan f	rom of Foreign Economy Cooperation Office as well as experts 	
including Guan Songtao from Environmental Protection Bureau of Anshun city of 
Guizhou province (one of the pilot sites) went on an exchange visit regarding 
environmental risk prevention and emerg	ency management in Germany and Czech 	
from December 6 to 13. The report on this exchange visit is as follows.	 	
7.3.1	 Introduction	 	
From December 6 to 13, the visiting group went to Germany and 	the 	Czech 	Republic 	
for an exchange visit regarding European experience 	on environmental risk 	
management regulations and risk prevention system	s and technology. The group 	
visited some academies and agencies including	: 	
 	the Bureau of Industrial Safety and Major Accidents of German Environmental 
Federal (BUNBR), 	 	
 	the headquarter	 of BASF of Germany, 	 	
 	Water Monitoring Station Worms, 	 	
 	the International Committee of Protecting the Rhine (ICPR), 	 	
 	the Environmental Protection Agency of Me	lnika (Starosta Mesta Melnika),	 	
 	Departments of the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republi	c. 	 	
There were 6 academic presentations and seminars. The team visited the wastewater 
treatment system of BASF and the water monitoring system of Worms, and had 
discussions on environmental emergency management regarding chemical industries, 
environmental 	monitoring, standards and processes of environmental risk assessment 	
with experts from academies and management agencies of Germany, Czech 	Republic 	
and Norway. We also had all	-round discussions on laws and regulations, standards, 	
technologies and informati	on management in Germany and Czech.	 	
7.3.2	 Advanced Experience from Germany and 	the 	Czech	 Republic	 	
 	
Germany’s comprehensive legal framework on environmental risk and emergency 
management	 	
As a federal nation, Germany has 13 states and 3 city states, each of which has a 
different regulation on supervision and accountability. However, there is also a federal 
uniform legal framework which 	is 	mainly based on various directives under the EU 	
fram	ework.	 	
According to the EU regulations, the federal government and the state government 
have different responsibilities. The federal government is responsible for the 
implementation of EU law and resolving violations of EU rules in accordance with 
certain 	procedures. The federal government will ensure the implementation of EU law 	
by legislation, but the EU legislation on urban conservation and development of the 
external emergency plan is not included. Each state is responsible for the development 
of EU law	 on urban conservation and external emergency plans, and also the 	
implementation of the relevant laws are checked on a regular basis. The verification 
process is mainly carried out by various institutions and experts qualified. Meanwhile, 
the laws also ide	ntify the responsibilities of the agencies. In particular, the laws and 	
regulations cover the fields of hazardous materials, industrial safety, major 
emergencies, water resources, pipelines, and other aspects of disaster reduction. The 
guidelines for imple	mentation of the various laws and regulations are provided and 	
supported by associated committees. ((See 	Table S	).)

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	52	 	
Table 	S: 	Germany	’s laws and regulations and risk management support system	 	
 	Laws and Regulations	 	Relevant Committees and Guidelines	 	
1 	Ordinance on Hazardous Materials	 	
Committee on Hazardous Materials	 	
TRGS 400 risk Assessment Guidelines on Dangerous 
Substances Behavior 	 	
2 	Regulations on Hazardous 
Substances in Water 	 	 	
3 	Regulations on Pipelines	 	Committee of Pipelines 	 	
TRFL Technical 	Guidelines for Pipelines	 	
4 	Regulations on Industrial Safety	 	
Committee of Safe Operation	 	
TRBS 2152 Guidelines on Explosion Danger 
Assessment	 	
5 	Regulations on Major Accident 
Management	 	
Committee of Safe Production	 	
KAS 18 Safety Isolating Distance	 	
6 	Disast	er Control Act	 	 	
 
German laws and regulations clearly define the responsibilities of institutions and 
enterprises (See	 Table T	). Enterprises’ responsibilities on environmental risk and 	
emergency management includes three processes, namely before, during, and after 
the emergency. Also, the regulations emphasize the obligations of public participation, 
information disclosure and repo	rt. In addition, the respective responsibilities and 	
liabilities of the relevant agencies in the procedures are also pointed out in the form of 
clear regulations. Moreover, for all relevant bodies and enterprises, there is a clear 
division of responsibilit	ies to ensure the smooth progress of environmental risk and 	
emergency management.	 	
Table 	T: Responsibilities of Enterprises and Institutes on Environmental Risk and 	
Emergency Management 	 	
 	Enterprises	’ responsibilities	 	Relevant Institutes	’ 	
responsibilities	 	
1 	Reduce the possibility and impact of major accidents 
according to related regulations.	 	
Carry out safety audit before 
official operation.	 	
2 	Implement the maintenance, monitoring, training, information 
and other requirements	 	
Report to the federal 
ministries in accordance 
with EU directives.	 	
3 	
Popularize universal concept of safe production to small 
enterprises, and require the large and medium	-sized 	
enterprises to regularly update security reports to relevant 
agencies.	 	
Focus on "domino" effect.	 	
4 	Ensure the relevant work on emergency preparedness and 
response	 	
Carry out the verification 
project.	 	
5 	Disclose security and emergency measures to the public.	 	Accident investigation.	 	
6 	Implement the communication and recording mechanism.	 	 	
 	
Germany’s 	accurate and pragmatic environmental emergency monitoring and warning 	
technology	 	
BASF SE is a chemical enterprise in Germany and is also one of the largest chemical 
enterprises worldwide. BASF has more than 160 joint ventures or wholly owned 
subsidiaries i	n 41 countries in Europe, Asia, North and South America. The company is 	
headquartered in Ludwigshafen along the Rhine River and it covers an area of seven 
square kilometers. There are in total 1750 constructions, 100 km of streets, 200 km of 
tracks, 2500 k	m of pipelines and 5 power plants. In addition, the city also has its own

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	53	 	
hospital, travel agencies, and train stations. Its form of an integrated site also requires 
higher and more reliable environmental warning system.	 	
The environmental warning system co	nsists of two parts	: decentralized control and 	
centralized control. There is constant data collection with monitoring on quality of air, 
water and noise. In terms of noise, the sound pressure is detected, collected and data 
of many years are analyzed. On t	he air side, they detect sulfur dioxide, nitrogen 	
dioxide, carbon monoxide, wind direction, humidity and other data, through 
instrumental analysis, which allow them to be ready to get prepared as soon as 
possible if encountering an explosion or fires and o	ther accidents. Specially trained fire 	
fighters of BASF will guarantee that they will arrive at the accident site within three 
minutes to ensure no further deterioration will happen. In terms of water, there are two 
different official pipes responsible res	pectively for transporting wastewater and cooling 	
water. The waste water will be discharged into the Rhine after treatment. The cooling 
water enters directly into the Rhine and the process is totally under monitoring. If the 
cooling water is contaminated, 	then this section will be turned off until it can be 	
discharged into the Rhine after proper treatment to ensure that contaminated water is 
not discharged into the Rhine, and this is because the emergency monitoring and early 
warning technology are pragmati	c and accurate.	 	
Dr. Peter Diehl from Worms monitoring station of Rhineland 	- Palatinate Environment 	
Agency introduced the situation of the Rhine basin as well as the basic mode of 
operation of the Rhine Valley station warning system. 	 	
Figure.8: Network Sys	tem for Rhine’s monitoring and warning system	 	
 	
 	
Worms Rhine water quality monitoring stations are located directly at the drinking water 
intake whose upstream are surrounded by chemical enterprises like BASF. If accidents 
like the Sandoz explosion in Switzerland happens, the impact can be incalculable. 
These reasons contribute to promoting the rapid development of the region's water 	
Network system of Rhine	 	
Chemical industries	 	
Intake of drinking water

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	54	 	
quality monitoring and early warning. Specifically, the technical level of the main 
monitoring stations represent the typical Rhine water quality warning system, including 
an	 on	-line detection of rapid increase in the concentration of hazardous substances 	
(oxygen content, pH value, temperature), sieve chromatography and mass 
spectrometry for organic trace substances, continuous bio	-tests for concentration of 	
harmful substances	. The system can also simulate the source of pollutants generated. 	
(See	 figure 8	)。 	
Germany’s Advanced Environmental Emergency Management System and Emergency 
Response Capability	 	
Currently, Germany’s environmental emergency management system and emergency 
response capability is very advanced. This is mainly shown in supporting capabilities, 
early warning capacity, response capacities and so on. Take the emergency prevention 
and res	ponse system in Cologne area as an example, which was introduced by 	
Cologne regional fire inspector Thorsten Ridder of Westphalia regional government, to 
see 	in details the status of the German emergency response capacity. Overall, the 	
regional emergency m	anagement system consists of two parts, namely, disaster 	
management and related legal systems.	 	
Cologne area emergency management system, also known as "disaster management 
cycle", is designed to strengthen the emergency management system through capacity 
building, emergency response and recovery. These include four processes in detail, 
which are emergency preparedness, emergency response, disaster recovery and 
impact relief. Emergency preparedness phase includes the implementation of urban 
conservation law,	 fire fighting	 fleet capacity	-building, as well as external emergency 	
plans. This has the following characteristics. First, it is guaranteed by Urban Protection 
Act. All enterprises should follow the relevant city regulations. For example, they 
should prov	ide relevant information to Local Emergency Management Agency (LEMA), 	
and cooperate with the LEMA to develop internal incident management plan. After the 
accident, companies should immediately inform the local command agency and carry 
out other necessary m	easures. Second, coverage of the fire team is comprehensive. At 	
present, there are 932 fire teams in Germany, widely distributed near airports, chemical 
plants, power plants and refineries, and can reach the leakage spot or explosion site 
within five minut	es. In addition, the fire agency teams are equipped and staffed similar 	
to ordinary firefighting teams but further with the personnel and equipment for specific 
environmental emergency events. Third, it has sophisticated external emergency 
plans, which inc	lude a variety of accidents, and every chemical emergency is 	
described in detail. Emergency response plans are also provided. Further details are 
included as follows.	 	
 	Specify the responsible body for coordinating emergency response plans and 
conducting ext	ernal emergency plans.	 	
 	Describe warning scheme for early substance leakage.	 	
 	Action plans of relief organizations.	 	
 	Emergency response plan for potential affected areas. 	 	
 	Action plans of emergency management.	 	
 	Information disclosure plans for potential affect	ed populations.	 	
 	
Emergency response phase includes dispatching emergency command team, 
business and government emergency teams performing loss reduction, real	-time 	
sampling analysis, warning affected people and so on. The characteristics of these 
processes are as follows. 	First, the command team enjoys good cooperation. Not only 	
the government will pre	-designate an emergency event team, the enterprises will also

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	55	 	
set up a team of their own experts based on the actual situation, with regular training 
and drills. Second, the e	mergency response fleets are equipped with advanced 	
facilities. The emergency fleet can perform more than ten functions, including 
extinguishing, acting as a mobile command center, pollution abatement, CRBN 
detection, serving as first aid stations and so o	n. The fleets also have appropriate 	
detection equipment and personnel. Third, the pre	-warning system is constantly 	
updated. Since the 1990s, Germany’s original early population warning systems were 
constantly knocked out and gradually replaced with a new d	istribution of new sites near 	
the chemical plants. Today, there are currently four warning tests every year.	 	
In addition to emergency relief fleets provided by the government of the state or the 
city, enterprises with high risks in Germany also have their 	own rescue team. 	
Alexander Bentz from Fire Department and Josef Schorr from Environmental 
Monitoring Department of BASF gave detailed introductions on BASF’s pre	-warning 	
monitoring and emergency response capacity respectively. In terms of “soft capacity”, 
BASF has set up special Emergency Response and Information Centers	，	which can 	
integrate and coordinate emergency information centers around the world, and get the 
most professional and prompt solutions from them. In addition, BASF is still the main 
base of 	emergency incident management team around the world. According to the 	
level of incidents and the areas affected, the teams are further categorized into cross	-	
region, cross	-nation and cross	-factory ones. As for the “hard capacity”, BASF 	
headquarter is equip	ped with an emergency response fleet with more than 100 years 	
of history. The main tasks include fire extinguishing, emergency disposal, routine 
maintenance and so on. The fleet has more than 200 employees and more than 60 
vehicles with the most advanced e	quipment, and the fleets are required to perform 	
drills frequently.	 	
Germany’s 	on	-going	 environmental spatial risk management and communication 	
mechanism	 	
Currently, the German Safety Committee has 27 members, including federal 
government agencies, independe	nt expert organizations, corporations, insurance 	
companies, non	-governmental organizations and other committees. In accordance with 	
the Critical Incident Management Regulations and Safety Committee, Germany’s 
environmental risk management and control field	s has made considerable progress. 	
Prof. Christian Jochum, vice	-Chairman of the German Committee on Security Incidents 	
spoke about the environmental spatial risk management and communication 
mechanism.	 	
Germany’s major regulations point out clearly about var	ious environmental risk 	
management and control in the region (see	 table U	). 	
Table 	U:	 Overview of Germany	’s Critical Incident Management Regulations	 	
Number	 	Management Regulations	 	Code of Regulations	 	
1 	Flood and snowstorm risk management	 	TRAS 310e, 320	 	
2 	Exothermic chemical reaction risk control	 	TRAS 410	 	
3 	Internal reporting system regulations	 	KAS	-8 	
4 	Enterprise Safety Culture Ordinance	 	KAS	-7e	 	
5 	Emergency Planning Ordinance	 	SFK	-GS 45	 	
6 	Dust explosion risk control	 	TAA	-GS 33	 	
7 	Chemical Industry Park 	Safety Ordinance	 	SFK	-GS 44e	 	
 
The term KAS	-18 is for safe distance for new plants and existing plants. For new 	
plants, the safety distance can be simulated according to the general accident

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	56	 	
scenario; for the existing plant, the safety distance is based on 	a major accident 	
scenario simulation results.	 	
 
Risk communication mechanism in Germany is based on the EU Seveso directives 
including 1) the environmental risk assessment in the safety report as the main section; 
2) disclose safety report relating to the n	on	-confidential business information to the 	
NGO and the surrounding resident enterprises; 3) surrounding residents and 
businesses should be informed about the risks and related responses. However, due to 
the panic after the accident and the media’s exagger	ation, government and businesses 	
often fall into confidence crisis. In response to such 	problems, the German government	 	
added other risk communication mechanisms on the basis of the Seveso Directive. 
This includes:	 	
 	Invite neutral and prestigious third part	y experts to assess the enterprise’s 	
security management team.	 	
 	Interview the employees and workers from the enterprise related to the 
accident.	 	
 	Include the surrounding residents, business representatives, and related 
organizations in the coordination commi	ttee.	 	
 	Set up an Email for anonymous reports.	 	
 	Release detailed investigation reports on the Internet.	 	
 	Strengthen communication and discussions of all sides.	 	
 	
By taking these measures, mutual confidence and communication skills of all 
stakeholders is greatly	 enhanced. And because the surrounding residents, businesses 	
have full participation in all aspects of the assessment, it is easier and faster for all 
parties to reach an agreement on assessment results.	 	
Positive progress on Rhine restoration of the ecolog	ical environment	 	
Figure 9: Performance of Rhine Action Plan (1987	-2000)

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	57	 
 	
 
Rhine is the mother river of Europe, but 50% of the chemical enterprises are located in 
its catchment area. In the 1870s, there was a sharp reduction of the river bifurcation 
region and bend area, making the Rhine facing problems and seriously affecting th	e 	
water quality of the Rhine. In the face of these problems, all the states jointly 
established the International Committee of the Protection of the Rhine which attaches 
great importance to the economic structure, industrial structure and energy structure 
adjustment and optimization to prevent and solve the environmental pollution and 
ecological damage. During 1987	-2000, water pollution of the Rhine was under control. 	
Through the "Rhine Action Plan" which involved river course changing, the ammonium 
nitroge	n, suspended solid content of chromium significantly reduced and the oxygen 	
content and the number of species basically reached the level in early 20th century. By 
"Salmon 2000" program, the number of salmon in the Rhine increased significantly. In 
terms o	f the problems brought by dam establishment, a fish ladder was built for salmon 	
to return to Rhine for spawning successfully. The salmon rely highly on water quality 
and they once disappeared in 1860s. The re	-appearance of salmon also marks the re	-	
emergenc	e of good water quality level (s	ee 	figure 9	). 	
 	
Advanced experience from 	the 	Czech	 Republic	 	
The city of Melnik has achieved remarkable results in improving environmental 
quality and preventing environmental risk.	 Since the 1990s, the city has done a lot 	
of 	work in pollution prevention and control regarding air and water quality. First, 	
through the adjustment of industrial structure, the city closed a number of large 
chemical enterprises with heavy pollution and implemented a limitation on plant size of 
the r	emaining chemical enterprises. The city also provides municipal subsidies to 	
encourage residents to use special funds to use gas and electric heating (the 
maximum subsidy percent can be 75%, about 4,000 euros). The city also adopts a

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	58	 	
series of measures to 	control vehicle exhaust pollution. For example, the city prohibits 	
diesel trucks entering the downtown area; the second thing is to control the source of 
polluted water into the Vlatva river and the Elbe River by source control and separating 
rain and sewa	ge water; the third measure is to classify different kinds of solid waste 	
and then transport the waste to the disposal center. An efficient garbage incinerator is 
currently being established in the power plant. The preparation work of the station will 
take	 up to six years, and four years are required only for public participation in the 	
evaluation work. The annual design capacity is 450,000 tons (equivalent to that 
generated by 1.5 million people). The government estimates that by 2023, the garbage 
recyclin	g (incineration) capacity can reach 100 million tons. It is the determination of 	
the city on improving environmental quality and implementing related policies that 
helped the city win the Environmental Protection Model City at the UN Summit in Rio.	 	
Data, i	nformation management and risk control of the Ecological and 	
Environmental Information Bureau has provided strong support for 
environmental risk management.	 According to the European Environment Agency 	
DPSIR framework, Czech has logically organized and sel	ected indicators for the 	
description and display of Czech’s atmosphere, water, ecology, solid waste, soil and 
environmental health and finance situation. According to long	-term large amount of 	
data and assessment, Czech has reached an ecological planning (	2012	-2020) that 	
looks into the future of sustainable energy, air quality and climate, landscape and 
environmental quality of the land. Czech has also joined the Inspire Project of EU. With 
other EU member states, Czech has carried out observation by satell	ite remote 	
sensing to provide basic data for a large number of ecological environment changes. In 
terms of enterprise discharge permit management, the Environment Information 
Bureau decides whether to issue a license according to the best available technic	al 	
guidelines (BAT) provided by the EU by considering the scale and technique of the 
enterprise. A re	-assessment will be carried out three years after the previous 	
assessment. In addition, the Ecological and Environment Information Bureau 
established the b	asic database in accordance with EU REACH directive regarding 	
implementing chemicals management.	 	
7.3.3	 Enlightenment for China on environmental risk and emergency 
management	 	
Learning from the advanced experience of Germany, the Czech Republic and EU with 
consideration of China's actual situation and problems, we summarized enlightenments 
with the focus 	on legislation	 effects, emergency response teams, emergency 	
monitoring and 	early warning, and risk communication mechanisms.	 	
Improve China's environmental risk and emergency management legal system 	 	
Develop specialized law and regulations for environmental risk control and 
emergency response of major accidents. 	Learning from the 	EU SEVESO directive, 	
we can clarify and refine the main responsibility for corporate, and further coordinate 
the supervision departments of safety, environmental protection, transportation, public 
security and other 	governmental	 authorities to establish a 	unified, rigorous and efficient 	
emergency response system as well as to provide effective legal protection.	 	
Develop emergency response regulation for environmental accidents.	 Learning 	
from the EU and the German experiences, legislatively define the liabili	ties and 	
relationships between different environmental and governmental authorities, 
enterprises, and the public in environmental emergency process. 	Coordinate	 the 	
connection among comprehensive supervision, particular supervision, and graded 
supervision. 	Based on this, establish regulations and standards for	 environmental

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	59	 	
emergency plan management, information management, resource management, 
technology management, team building, training and education, and operation support.	 	
Develop special laws and regul	ations for environmental management of 	
chemicals.	 Learning from the EU REACH and based on the source prevention and 	
control before the chemical damage to health and the environment, regulate chemical 
product in its whole life	-cycle, including research and 	development, production, import, 	
marketing, export, use and disposal. Establish the supporting regulation and legislation 
system of chemical registration, hazard identification, environmental risk assessment, 
release and transfer control, eliminating restr	ictions, control of major source, pollution 	
accountability system and so on.	 	
Establish and train professional team for environmental emergency response	 	
Strengthen the construction of local and regional environmental emergency 
management institution.	 From G	ermany’s experience on response agencies 	
construction of region, state and city level, we should 	holistically	 plan the scale and 	
major tasks for environmental emergency management agencies at different levels. It 
is suggested to vigorously promote the cons	truction of local emergency management 	
agency and accelerate the construction of the municipal environmental emergency 
management agencies as well as the regional environmental protection supervision 
center capacity building. Thus and so, we can gradually 	build 	the sufficient emergency 	
management agencies organizations with high quality.	 	
Strengthen the construction of emergency rescue team.	 Germany’s experience 	
shows that it is feasible to build an emergency response team based on the fire and 
environmental	 protection personnel of government and enterprise. Environmental 	
emergency rescue team construction lags behind the present stage. We should 
gradually establish national, provincial, municipal and other different levels of "multi	-	
skill" and comprehensive 	emergency rescue teams that are based on fire brigades, 	
large enterprises and other professional emergency rescue teams.	 Gradually establish 	
an environmental emergency response team system including three kinds of teams of 
fulltime and government	-led teams	, special and enterprise	-led teams, and market	-	
oriented teams. Strengthen training and exercises.	 	
Focus on R & D of environmental emergency monitoring and warning technology	 	
Strengthen the capacity building of environmental emergency monitoring 
technology 	research and development.	 	Based on the environmental risk 	
assessment and the characteristics of typical environmental emergencies, we should 
vigorously promote the environmental emergency monitoring technology and 
equipment that are portable, efficient and	 accurate. We should equip the province and 	
the city with necessary portable emergency monitoring instruments and equipment for 
monitoring heavy metals, volatile organic compounds, oils and so on. In this regard, we 
can learn from Germany and coordinate en	vironmental protection, fire and other 	
emergency monitoring and response capacity, and strengthen municipal emergency 
monitoring vehicles with high	-performance to have monitoring capability for some 	
specific pollutants.	 	
Vigorously promote the construction 	of environmental emergency warning 	
system.	 We should conduct a national plan for the warning system of poisonous gas in 	
chemical industrial parks. It is important to establish a decision	-making supporting 	
system regarding poisonous gas by selecting mature 	atmospheric prediction model 	
and methods with specific focus on typical pollutants as well as large chemical 
enterprises and industrial parks. Learning from the development experience of water 
quality warning system of the Rhine River, we can focus on the 	monitoring and warning

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	60	 	
capacity of major river basins, drinking water sources, national rivers and main tributary 
discharges. Also, we should strengthen the construction of auto	-monitoring station and 	
optimize auto	-monitoring systems. Furthermore, we shoul	d accelerate the promotion of 	
warning systems for heavy metals, volatile phenol, fecal coliform, toxic chemicals, 
volatile organic compounds and aquatic organisms.	 	
Cultivate a mutual trust communication mechanism of government and the public	 	
Strengthen 	environmental information disclosure.	 EU countries including Germany 	
and the Czech Republic give us good experiences on environmental information 
disclosure mechanism, regulation and effects. Based on "Environmental Protection 
Law", "Regulations on Environ	mental Information Disclosure", "Regulations on 	
Enterprises and Institutions Environmental Information Disclosure" and other 
regu	lations	, we should specify further the contents, procedures, accountabilities of 	
information disclosure, promote mutual trust a	mong government, enterprises and the 	
public.	 	
Establish efficient participation mode in environmental risk management.	 The 	
diversity and complexity of the environmental risks make cooperation between 
government agencies and multi	-stakeholder more necessary 	than ever. Germany, as a 	
representative of EU countries, attaches great importance to risk communication. The 
SEVESO directive and the definition of safety distance by third	-party evaluation is a 	
good example. From experiences of Germany and other EU count	ies, we learn that it is 	
important to establish a risk communication system that is transparent, multi	-	
dimension, and includes information sharing, round	-table meeting, and community 	
participation.	 The system should also cover the governmental authorities,	 enterprises, 	
the public, community representatives, media, social organizations and other 
stakeholders. Moreover, we need to 	bu	ild 	a participation mode for community and the 	
public that includes dialogues and feedbacks of affected community and involves e	ach 	
stakeholder to the process of making environmental management policy, and gather 
the f	eedbacks from the stakeholders.	 Meanwhile, we also should raise the public 	
awareness of risk and the capability of self	-rescue in the face of emergencies.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
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8.	 Conclusio	n	s 	
Overall conclusions	 	
The 	training program	 was carried out according to plan, with 	some 	adjustments	 	
reflecting project adaptability and hands on management. 	Cooperation went well and 	
smooth between Vista Analysis, CICERO and CAEP	, in spite of the 	geographical 	
distance between the Norwegian and Chinese team during most of the project 
implementation period	. Possibly t	he biggest p	ractical challenge when implem	enting the 	
training program, was the changes of staff in the 	project and 	trainers team at CAE	P. 	
This was handled by an increased effort towards the end of the project to bring new 
CAEP project staff up to speed.	 Below, we sum up performance versus original plan for 	
the six training activities in the training program.	 	
Training at MEP’s annual semin	ar (activity 6a)	 	
As	 shown in tables V and W	 below, Vista 	Analysis 	carried out one less training 	
(lecture) at MEP’s annual seminar than planned. This was due to convergence of 
MEP’s annual conference with the final training of pilots in November 2015, and c	ore 	
project team (Vista & CAEP) decided to prioritize the final training of pilots. The final 
training of pilots was especially important, as this was to be led by new trainers at 
CAEP under guidance and inspection from Vista. We consider that the lack of 
participation at MEP’s annual conference in 2015 has not hampered dissemination of 
project findings significantly, and was to some extent compensated for by the final 
conference (ref. appendix).	 	
Table 	V: Planned t	imeline for the trainings (Q1= January	-Marc	h 2013) 	 	
Activities	 	2013	 	2014	 	2015	 	
Q2	 	Q3	 	Q4	 	Q5	 	Q6	 	Q7	 	Q8	 	Q9	 	Q10	 	Q11	 	Q12	 	
6a: Training at MEPs annual seminar	 	 	x 	 	 	 	x 	 	 	 	x 	 	
6b: Training of trainers	 	 	 	x 	 	x 	 	x 	 	x 	 	 	
6c: In	-depth training of target group	 	 	 	x 	 	x 	 	 	 	x 	 	 	
6d: GAINS training	 	 	x 	x 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
6e: 	MSG	-6 training	 	 	 	 	x 	x 	 	 	x 	 	 	 	
6f: Study tour Norway 	 	 	 	 	 	? 	? 	 	 	? 	 	 	
 
Table 	W:	 Ex	-post	 timeline for the trainings (Q1= January	-March 2013)	 	
Activities	 	2013	 	2014	 	2015	 	
Q2 	 Q3	 	Q4	 	Q5	 	Q6	 	Q7	 	Q8	 	Q9	 	Q10	 	Q11	 	Q12 	 	
6a: 	Training at 	MEPs annual seminar	 	 	x 	 	 	 	x 	 	 	 	0 	 	
6b: T	raining of Trainers	 	X 	 	 	X 	 	 	X 	 	X 	X 	X 	
6c: 	In-depth training target group	 	 	 	 	 	X 	 	X 	 	X 	 	X 	
6d: GAINS	 training	 	 	 	X 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	X 	
6e: MSG	-6 training	 	 	 	 	0 	x 	 	 	x 	 	 	 	
6f: Study tour (Germany	 & Czech Rep	) 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	X 	
* Differences from the original plan (ref. 	table A), are marked with “	X” or “	0” (did not happen)	 	
 
Training of trainers	 (activity 6b)	 	
As shown in tables V and W	 above, Vista 	Analysis 	carried out two more ToT	-sessions 	
than planned, towards the end of the project. This was instigated by changes in staff on

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	62	 	
the CAEP side, making it necessary to make an increased effort to bring the new 
trainers that joined the project in the last year up 	to speed. As shown in chapter 3, we 	
succeeded in bringing the whole trainers group up to an advanced knowledge level 
qualifying them to be trainers in their own right after Project end. 	 	
In-depth training of target group	 (activity 6c)	 	
As shown in tables V	 and W	 above	, Vista and CAEP	 carried out 4 and not 3 trainings 	
of pilots. The extra training in Anshun in Q8, was carried out to compensate for the low 
participation in the training held in Q6 in Beijing. 	As described in chapter 4.11, a 	
comparison of the b	aseline survey (2013) and the final survey (2016) of knowledge 	
levels in the target group, shows a consistent and substantial positive development 
between the start and end of the project. 	 	
GAINS training and MSG	-6 training	 (activities 6d and 6e)	 	
As shown 	in tables V and W	 above, the GAINS and MSG	-6 training was carried out as 	
planned 	- with some adjustments of the timeline. 	Study tour reports document learning 	
content and an advanced understanding by the participants. 	 	
Study tour to Norway	 (activity 6f)	 	
As shown in t	ables V and W	 above and described in chapter 7, the study tour to 	
Norway was delayed and finally carried out as a study tour to Germany and the Czech 
Republic. The study tour was well	-connected to the training program of the Project, as 	
it incl	uded visits to institutions and direct experience of best practise internationally that 	
had been presented in lectures during the trainings. The learning outcome was thus 
not significantly hampered by the change in destination.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
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9.	 Appendix: The final conferen	ce, March 2016	 	
A final summary and dissemination conference was held in Beijing 17 March, 2016. 
The aim of the conference was to sum up the results of the conference, 	and to 	share 	
findi	ng	s and recommendations.	 	
Conference 	Agenda	 	
09:00	-17:00, March 17, 2016	 	
Time	 	Content	 	Speaker	 	
09:00	-09:40	 	Opening and welcome remarks	 	
FECO	 	
MOFCOM	 	
Norwegian Embassy	 	
International Dep., MEP 	 	
Planning Department, MEP	 	
Emergency Center, MEP	 	
09:40	-10:20	 	
Introduction of the project implementation and 
project policy 	recommendations and follow up 	
possibilities (one presentation)	 	
Yu Fang, CAEP	 	
10:20	-10:40	 	Tea break and group photo	 	 	
Session 1: Methodology framework, chaired by Kristin Aunan	 	
10:40	-11:20	 	Overview of Seven	-step framework	 	Haakon Vennemo, VISTA	 	
11:20	-11:50	 	Acute and accumulated risk assessment at 
prefecture/city level based on county data	 	Jia Qian, CAEP	 	
11:50	-12:00	 	Discussion	 	 	
12:00	-13:30	 	Lunch break	 	
Session 2: Pilot experience, chaired by Yu Fang	 	
13:30	-14:00	 	Introduction of Tongling pilot 	experience	 	Guo Zhong, Tongling EPB	 	
14:00	-14:30	 	Introduction of Jiangsu pilot experience	 	Wang Huizhong, Jiangsu EPB	 	
14:30	-15:00	 	Introduction of Guizhou and Anshun pilot 
experience	 	Zhang Shu, Guizhou EPB	 	
15:00	-15:10	 	Tea break	 	 	
Session 3:Training, 	capacity building and the way forward, chaired by Haakon Vennemo	 	
15:10	-15:40	 	Introduction of the training and capacity building	 	Rasmus Reinvang, VISTA	 	
15:40	-16:00	 	Training and capacity building as seen by CAEP: 
Usefulness and potential 	 	Cao Guozhi, CAEP	 	
16:00	-16:10	 	Training and capacity building as experienced by 
pilots: usefulness and potential 	 	Representatives of Pilots	 	
16:10	-16:20	 	Award ceremony Training of trainers	 	H. Vennemo & Yu Fang	 	
16:20	-16:30	 	Award ceremony participating organizations	 	H. 	Vennemo & Yu Fang	 	
16:30	-16:50	 	The way forward: Discussion	 	Led by H. Vennemo	 	
16:50	-17:00	 	Conclusion	 	Led by H. Vennemo

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	64	 	
Participant list final conference	 in Beijing, 17 March 2016	 	
 
 	 	
 	Organization	 	Name	 	Title	 	
1. 	Norway Embassy	 	Jan W ilhelm 
Grythe	 	
Commercial Counselor	 	
2 	Norway Embassy	 	Tor Skudal	 	Environmental 
Counselor	 	
3 	Norway Embassy	 	Liu Yinglang	 	Official	 	
4 	International	 Department of MEP 	 	Kang Yun	 	Official	 	
5 	Pla	nning and Finance Department 	MEP	 	Wang Fei	 	Division 	Director	 	
6 	Environmental 	Emergency Center of 	
MEP	 	
Mao Jianying	 	Director	 	
7 	Vista Analysis	 	Haakon Ven	nemo	 	Director	 	
8 	Vista Analysis	 	Rasmus Reinvang	 	Doctor	 	
9 	Vista Analysis	 	John Skjelvik	 	Senior ecnomist	 	
10	 	CICERO	 	Kristin Aunan	 	Doctor	 	
11	 	Beijing Normal University	 	Liu Renzhi	 	Professor	 	
12	 	Academy for Env. Planning Nanjing Univ.	 	Jiao Tao	 	Director	 	
13	 	Academy for Env.	 Plann	ing Nanjing Univ.	 	Liu Mengfei	 	Engineer	 	
14	 	Jiangsu Env.	 Emergency Center	 	Wang Huizhong	 	Director	 	
15	 	Jiangsu Env.	 Emergency Center	 	Li Cheng	 	Engineer	 	
16	 	Jiangsu	 Env.	 Emergency Center	 	Du Hao	 	Engineer	 	
17	 	Jiangsu Env.	 Emergency Center	 	Chen Fuxiao	 	Engineer	 	
18	 	Guizhou Env.	 Emergency Center	 	Bian Jinshun	 	Director	 	
19	 	Guizhou Env.	 Emergency Center	 	Zhang Shu	 	Section Chief	 	
20	 	Anshun EPB	 	Chen Jingyao	 	Engineer	 	
21	 	Tongling EPB	 	Guo Zhong	 	Chief Engineer	 	
22	 	Tongling Env.	 Emergency Center	 	Cui Zhuanzheng	 	Director	 	
23	 	Tongling Env.	 Emergency Center	 	Hu Zhengjun	 	Engineer	 	
24	 	Foreign Economic Coop.	 Office, MEP	 	Wang Yong	 	Director	 	
25	 	Foreign Economic Coop.	 Office, MEP	 	Wen 	Chen	 	Officer	 	
26	 	Foreign Economic Coop.	 Office, MEP	 	Zhu Yawen	 	Officer	 	
27	 	Foreign Economic Coop.	 Office, MEP	 	He Shan	 	Officer	 	
28	 	Chinese Academy For Env.	 Planning 	 	Yu Fang	 	Director	 	
29	 	Chinese Academy For Env.	 Planning	 	Cao Guozhi	 	Section Chief	 	
30	 	Chinese 	Academy For Env.	 Planning	 	Jia Qian	 	Engineer	 	
31	 	Chinese Academy For Env.	 Planning	 	Ma Guoxia	 	Associate Research	er 	
32	 	Chinese Academy For Env.	 Planning	 	Zhang Yanshen	 	Associate Researcher	 	
33	 	Chinese Academy For Env.	 Planning	 	Tian Chao	 	Engineer	 	
34	 	Chinese 	Academy For Env.	 Planning	 	Zhou You	 	Engineer	 	
35	 	Chinese Academy For Env.	 Planning	 	Zhou Xiafei	 	Engineer

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	 	 	65	 	
Photos from 	the 	final conference	, Beijing 17 March 2016

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	66	 	
References	 	
Vista Analyse (2013	): Baseline study of Environment Planning and Risk 	Management 	
in China	. Report 2013/37. By Cao Guozhi et al. 	 	
Vista Analyse (2014): 	Case Exercises: Using CBA and SEA to Reduce Environmental 	
Risk in China	. Report 2014/21. By Rasmus Reinvang et al.	 	
Vista Analyse (2015): Tackling environmental risks with envi	ronmental planning: 	
international experiences. Report 2014/32. By Kristin Aunan et al.	 	
Vista Analyse (2016): 	Planning for cost	-effective environmental risk reduction in China: 	
Training plan and activitie	s (2013	-2016)	. Report 2016/	12	. By	 Rasmus Reinvang.

Planning for Environmental Risk Reduction in China: Training Plan and Activitie	s 	
 	68	 	
 	
 
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0257 Oslo	 	
 
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Metadata Found
Author
Rasmus Reinvang
CreationDate
2016-05-02T14:29:14+02:00
ModDate
2016-05-02T14:29:14+02:00
Producer
Microsoft® Word 2016
Pages
68