Joint seminar on Just Transition between Poland and Norway

Rapport 2018/43

Anne Maren Erlandsen

Joint seminar on Just Transition between Poland and Norway

Kategori	Rapporter
Underkategori(er)	Kurs og foredragKlima og det grønne skiftet
År	2018
Rapportnummer	43
Forfatter(e)	Anne Maren Erlandsen
Last ned	file_download (1 MB)
Les i nettleser	find_in_page

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Vista Analyse | 2018/43 2 
 D ocument details 
Ti tle Summary Report - Joint seminar on Just Transition between Poland and Norway 
Report number 2018/43 
Author Anne Maren Erlandsen 
Project manager Haakon Vennemo 
Commissioned by EEA and Norway Grants 
Date finalised 30 November 2018 
Availability Public 
Keywords Just transition, Norway, Poland, EEA and Norway Grants , climate change 
About us 
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 Table of contents 
1 Introduction ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 4 
2 Key messages ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 5 
3 Summary of presentations ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 7 
3.1 Long - term perspectives for the Polish energy sector and climate commitments 7 
3.2 Climate Challenges and follow - up of the Paris Agreement 7 
3.3 Polish Experiences from co - operation under the EEA and Norway Grants 8 
3.4 Experiences from Norway on tripartite/social dialogue in relation to restructuring of industries, roles 
of organizations 8 
3.5 Just Transition from the perspective of the Polish Presidency of COP24 9 
3.6 Decent Work agenda and Just Tra nsition internationally 9 
3.7 Labour market aspects of coal transition – Polish case study 10 
3.8 Just Transition from a Polish Trade Union perspective 11 
3.9 Just Transition from a Norwegian Trade Union perspective 11 
3.10 Opportunities in a low emission society - Norwegian Business Perspective 12 
3.11 Co - operation on air pollution and impr oving the efficiency of the Polish environmental inspection 13 
3.12 Transportation: Electromobility 13 
3.13 Electromobility - experiences from Oslo, Norway 14 
3.14 Energy Management in the Polish Industry 14 
3.15 Climate change adaptation - green infrastructure, jobs and public health 15 
3.16 International cooperation in the CCS field through ERANET Cofund under Horizon 2020 and EEA -
Norway Grants 15 
3.17 Polish experiences – domestic and international projects 16 
3.18 Just Catch – modular capture plants – offer severa l advantages 16 
3.19 Green innovation - Presentations on new business opportunities 17 
3.20 Equinor: Offshore wind – new business opportunities 17 
3.21 Statkraft: Renewable energy technologies – role in the future 18 
3.22 PGE in transition – How we do it 18 
3.23 Panel: Just transiti on – how can we proceed? 18

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 1 Introduction 
This report summarises the key messages from presentations at the joint seminar on Just Transition 
between Poland and Norway held in Cracow , Poland, on 25 October 2018. The seminar was organised 
by the Polish Ministry of the Environment and the Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment with 
assistance from the I nstitute of Environmental Protection – National Research Institute in Poland. 
In the preamble of the Paris Agreement there is a provision that the Parties to the agreement should 
take into account the i mperatives of a just transition of the workforce and the creation of decent work 
and quality jobs in accordance with nationally defined development priorities. 
The main objective of the seminar was to p romote the concept of j ust transition as an accompanying 
initiative to the negotiation process at the foru m of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate 
Change COP 24, which will be held on December 3 - 14, 2018 in Katowice, Poland. Just transition refers 
to a balanced and fair economic transformation towards a low - carbon econom y considering social costs 
an d the need for new job opportunities. The seminar was aimed at promoting bilateral cooperation 
between Poland and Norway and to highlight opportunities for a just transition based on Polish and 
Norwegian experiences.

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 2 Key messages 
The presenters at the seminar included high - level political representatives from Poland and Norway , as 
well as representatives from trade unions, research institutions and energy businesses in both countries. 
Some of the topics covered during the seminar were experiences from the bilateral cooperation be-
tween Norway and Poland under the EEA and Norway Grants , just transition from a trade union per-
spective, business opportunities in the transformation to a low - carbon economy, developments in the 
field of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), opportunities for electromobility, and investments in renew-
able energy by energy producers. 
The challenges posed by the need for a transformation of t he Polish energy sector was one of the key 
issues discussed at the seminar . In his opening speech, Michal Kurtyka, Secretary of State of the Polish 
Ministry of Environment, stressed the importance of “leaving nobody behind” in the future develop-
ment of the global climate policy . 
Astrid Knutsen Hårstad, Junior Minister of the Norweg ian Ministry of Climate and Environment empha-
sized that ownership to the transformation process , is a key issue . In Norway several industries have 
created their own road maps to a low emissions society, in many of these the trade unions were involved. 
She also pointed to the opportunities the cooperation between Poland and Norway under the EEA and 
Norway Grants present in taking steps towards a green transition. 
The presentation by Sławomir Mazurek, Undersecretary of State in the Polish Minis try of Environment, 
showed that funding from t h e EEA and Norway Grant s have resulted in successful projects and that 
results are exceed ing expectations. Several presentations showed positive experiences from coopera-
tion under the EEA and Norway Grants , inc luding projects on electromobility in Poland, energy manage-
ment in Polish SMEs, and air quality in Poland. 
The Director of the Just Transition Centre Oslo, echoed the message of leaving nobody behind and 
pointed to the role governments can play in both sm oothing out the impacts of transition for vulnerable 
workers and creating new jobs through initiatives such as retraining programs and investments in af-
fected communities. 
P resenters from trade unions and the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise highlight ed the need for 
an active role by the government in facilitating the transition to a low - emission society through social 
security and welfare systems . It was also pointed out that s ocial dialogue and cooperation between 
government, science, trade unions an d the business community are crucial elements in achiev ing a suc-
cessful transition with effective and sustainable solutions . 
Several projects under the EEA and Norway Grants were presented by Polish and Norwegian project 
owners. These have contributed to energy efficiency and green innovation . The projects have also pro-
vided new jobs opportunities, as well as contributing to reduced air pollution, reduced greenhouse gas 
emissions and other environmental benefits. 
Another topic of the semina r was Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and the opportunities it presents . 
Norwegian trade unions , the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise, the Norwegian Research Council 
and energy consultants highlighted CCS as a necessary tool for achieving climate goa ls and a just transi-
tion . CCS has the potential to both secure existing jobs and create new ones. T he Norwegian Research 
Council emphasised the importance of knowledge sharing and cooperation at an international level in

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 building the competence needed with in the area of climate change and CCS. A n invitation was extended 
to Poland to become partner in the R&D programs Joint Program Initiative climate (JPI Climate) and 
Accelerating CCS Technologies (ACT). Aker Solutions presented new developments within CCUS, which 
can be attractive solutions for the industry future in Poland. 
Statkraft, Europe’s largest generator of renewable energy, argued that transition from a coal - based 
economy to renewables is beneficial for several reasons: renewable energy is clean, cr eates domestic 
jobs and is based on domestic resources. Onshore wind, offshore wind and solar will go dramatically 
down in cost, while existing coal, new coal and gas is getting more expensive. The energy businesses 
PGE and Equinor are expanding their acti vities in renewable energy, specifically in offshore wind, to 
reduce their carbon footprint but also because renewable energy is looking increasingly attractive com-
pared to traditional energy sources . 
A transition to a low - emission society will bring chall enges but also new opportunities. Presenters 
pointed to opportunities for new decent jobs from – among other areas - innovation and new low -
emission technologies, electromobility, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and green infrastructure. 
National auth orities can contribute to scal ing up efforts. The expansion of these sectors can also gener-
ate additional benefits for local communities such as improving air quality. The EEA and Norway Grants 
can facilitate a low emission development for Poland , and Norw ay is ready to assist.

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 3 Summary of presentations 
3.1 Long - term perspectives for the Polish energy sector and climate com-
mitments 
Michal Kurtyka, Secretary of State, Ministry of Environment, Poland, Incoming COP24 President 
In his opening speech, Mr Kurtyka stressed the importance of “leaving nobody behind” in the future 
development of the global climate policy . 
He pointed to Katowice, Silesia, as an example of a Polish region that has achieved success i n terms of 
economic p rogress, environmental standards and social cohesi o n. Th is succes s was b uilt on dialogu e. In 
Mr Kurtyka ’s view , Poland must move forward in this manner by modernising the energy mix, using and 
developing new technologies, and making old technologies more e fficient , while at the same time mak-
ing sure that they are able to accompany this movement by new competencies and new jobs. 
3.2 Climate Challenges and follow - up of the Paris Agreement 
Astrid Knutsen Hårstad, Junior Minister , Ministry of Climate and Environment, Norway 
Ms Knutsen Hårstad emphasised that just transition is about putting people at the centre of climate 
policy , and that support and social security provided by the government, as well as social dialogue, are 
key elements in the transformat ion towards a low - emission society. She also pointed out that Poland 
and Norway can help each other by sharing information and experiences. 
She outlined four important elements in the transitio n : 
• Support for green innovation and technology 
• Finance must flow to low emission investments 
• Green technology must reach the markets 
• Ownership to transformation 
Examples of Norwegian initiatives to strengthen these elements include the state enterprise Enova , the 
investment company, Nysnø, established by the government for climate investments , and Innovation 
Norway which helps green technology reach the market. Several industries in Norway are taking own-
ership to the trans formation and have created their own roadmap to the low - emission society , provid-
ing a good basis for dialogue and cooperation between the government and the business community. 
M s Knutsen Hårstad argued that c ooperation between Poland and Norway under the EEA and Norway 
G rants can achieve important steps in the direction towards a green transition. The climate, energy and 
environment program – with 140 million euros available - will provide opportunities for capacity building 
and projects to cut emissions such as switching from coal to renewables , energy efficiency and other 
climate friendly technologies .

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 3.3 Polish Experiences from co - operation under the EEA and Norway 
Grants 
Sławomir Mazurek, Undersecretary of State, Ministry of Environment, Poland 
Undersecretary of State Sławomir Maz urek welcomed all the participants and underlined Polish efforts 
aimed at improving air quality (Governmental “Clean Air” Programme supporting inhabitants to change 
heat sources in their houses) and developing circular economy a s well as Polish presidency of the 24th 
Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. He also 
announced that the negotiations on the final text of the declaration on Just Transition due to be pre-
sented during COP 24 , in December 2018 , entered its decisive phase. 
Piotr Bogusz, Deputy Director, Department of Ecological Funds, Ministry of Environment, Poland 
Mr Bogusz showed that th e EEA and Norway Grants 2009 - 2014 have been successful and that results 
have exceeded expectations. During the progr am period, there has been significant interest in applying 
for funding and EEA and Norway Grants are often seen as beneficiary - friendly . 
Programmes under the EEA and Norway Grants 2009 - 2014 were : 
• PL02 P rotection of biological diversity and ecosystems. 21.6 million EUR. 61 projects. 
• PL03 Improving environmental monitoring and inspection. 15.2 million EUR. 9 projects. 
• PL04 Saving energy and promoting renewable energy source. 144.9 million EUR. 124 projects. 
The third round of funding , EEA and Norway Grants 2014 - 2021 , is in preparation. The Environment, 
Energy and Climate Programme will have a budget of with a budget of 140 million euros. The budget 
will spend: 
• 72 % on renewable energy, energy efficiency and energy security . 
• 19 % on climate chan ge mitigation and adaptation . 
• 9 % on environment and ecosystems . 
3.4 Experiences from Norway on tripartite/social dialogue in relation to 
restructuring of industries, roles of organizations 
Are Tomasgard, Confederal Secretary, Norwegian Conf ederation of Trade Unions, LO - Norway 
Over 9 30 000 workers are affiliated to the 26 national unions which in turn are affiliated t o the Norwe-
gian Federation of Trade Unions . 
The trade union movement in Norway ha s called upon politicians to be responsible and ensure climate 
p olicies that include necessary measures. According to Mr Tomasgard climate change is also a trade 
union business and there is no option , but to deliver on the climate goals. 
He highlighted five elements necessary to achieve a j ust transition: 
• Ensuring climate measures are carried out, that the climate targets are reached. 
• Guaranteeing workers’ rights. 
• Building the low emission society ; investments and development of environmentally friendly tech-
nologies.

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 • Providing education and training, bui lding skills and competence for new tasks and new jobs. 
• Social rights through social security and welfare systems . 
LO has worked to get the national government to establish a national just transition council or task force, 
but not yet succeeded. However, LO has worked with the City of Oslo , which will soon establish a just 
transition taskforce. The hope is that this will set an example for other authorities and governments on 
how to ensure just transition. 
Mr Tomasgard underlined that CCS is necessary for achieving climate goals but also a tool for just tran-
sition. The r esearch institute SINTEF has published a study; Industrial opportunities and employment 
prospects in large - scale CO
2 management in Norway . The report finds that g iving priority to the CCS 
va lue chain in Norway will secure 80 - 90 , 000 existing jobs and create 30 - 40 , 000 new jobs by 2050. 
3.5 Just Transition from the perspective of the Polish Presidency of 
COP24 
Artur Lorkowski, Special Envoy on Climate, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Polish Presidency Team of COP24 
in Katowice 
Mr Lorkowski underlined that political l eaders of the world would participate in the Climate Change 
Summit in December 2018 in Katowice. He stressed that the main objective for the Polish Presidency of 
COP 24 is t he adoption of the Katowice rulebook , a set of rules and principles for how the Par is Agree-
ment will be implemented . This task is a priority in order to allow for the Parties to organi s e the climate 
ambition in a structural way, but also in order to allow the other actors of the climate process such as 
the business community, regions and cities to be a part of the Paris Agreement. 
Three main focus areas of the Polish Presidency of COP24 in Katowice are: 
• Just transition . L eaders will be asked to sign a declaration of J ust T ransition in December in Kato-
wice a s it is one of the main prioriti es for the COP 24 Presidency and as Just Transition is included 
in the Paris Agreement . 
• Electromobility . Provides a significant opportunity for reduction of GHG emissions and improved 
air quality. Norway is welcome to contribute to and support the developm ent of electromobility in 
Poland. It could provide new jobs and better wages for people employed in that sector. This initia-
tive is open also for cities and regions. 
• Forests . Forests can make a large contribution through the absorption of CO
2 by 2050 . Fore sts are 
the central priority for the Polish Presidency. Th e latest IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 
1.5 ° C (SR15) also stressed the importance of forests in the fight against climate change . 
3.6 Decent Work agenda and Just Transition internationally 
Samantha Smith, Director Just Transition Centre, Oslo 
Ms Smith works f or the I nternational T rade U nion C onfederation and r un s a small centre on just transi-
tion in Oslo . In her view, j ust trans ition is about making our economies more sustain able and creating 
decent jobs for everyone. She pointed to the role governments can play in smoothing out the impacts 
of transition for vulnerable workers and in creating new jobs. New jobs can be created area such as in

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 electromobility, public transport, in green buildings, in infrastructure, retrofits, clean energy generation, 
distribution and storage. 
She pointed to a growing number of workers, unions, and employers internationally working to create 
just transition plans. These are plans to create decen t jobs with low emissions, but also to support work-
ers and regions in transition or in sunset industries. 
Ms Smith presented an example from Alberta, a region dependent on sunset industries , where directed 
initiatives and planning is helping smooth the tr ansition. Alberta offers a bridge to pension for older 
workers, vouchers for skills training, a commitment by employers to keep jobs in the province and to 
re - deploy jobs to the new sectors, and from the federal and provincial government to invest in the 
a ffected communities with better infrastructure, schools, hospitals etc. 
3.7 Labour market aspects of coal transition – Polish case study 
Piotr Lewandowski, President of the Board, The Institute for Structural Research (IBS) 
Mr Lewandowski presented findings fr om a recently released report on the labour market aspects of 
coal transition in Poland. 
The report shows that m eeting Poland’s commitments to stay within the 2°C target is feasible but re-
quires a substantial reduction in coal consumption. According to the analysis, CO
2 emissions consistent 
with the 2°C target would be half of the emissions in the baseline scenario. To achieve this reduction 
coal production would have to b e cut by two thirds compared to the baseline scenario. The implications 
on coal mining employment is that there would be around 50,000 fewer people employed in coal mining 
under the scenario of meeting the 2°C target. 
The reduction in coal mining employmen t can largely be managed by a natural attrition of workers (out-
flows to retirement) and stable, limited inflows of new workers . The transition is likely to be easier for 
the coal sector workers than the transitions many industrial workers have endured in t he pas t, for two 
reasons: 
• Labour demand will be strong: There will be demand for workers in other manufacturing indus-
tries such as the automotive sector, retrofit programs are offering jobs, and the transport and ser-
vices sectors are growing. 
• Labour suppl y is declining : Demographic changes create labour shortages, older miners can work 
until retirement, and young cohorts are better educated and can more easily be channelled to dif-
ferent jobs. 
According to Mr Lewandowski , t he next 10 - 15 years present a wind ow of opportunity because: 
• Automation will reduce the future demand for low - and middle skilled labour 
• Tackling air pollution, energy poverty and degraded areas is an urgent need 
• Structural funds will be available for training, job placement, etc. 
• Social support programmes already exist (leaves and redundancy payments) 
• Opportunities should be expanded in the less - developed subregions

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 3.8 Just Transition from a Polish Trade Union perspective 
Ewa Buzoń - Krupińska , Representative of the Inter - union Team for the Social Pre_COP24 
Ms Buzoń - Krupińska presented the results of a study carried out by experts from the Economic Univer-
sity of Katowice for the Polish coal mining company PGG. The results of two scenarios were presented : 
‘transformation or creating new jobs ’ and ‘liquidation scenario’. 
In the first scenario, ‘transformation or creating new jobs’, the average cost of replacing one workplace 
in the coal sector is PLN 1.2 million ( approx. EUR 280,000) and the cost of such a transformation for 
200,000 employees of PGG and the mining sector is PLN 190 billion (approx. EUR 44 billion) . In this 
scenario there is closure of mines with simultaneous need for investment for new jobs in other sectors. 
To achieve this there must be investors, specific projects and funding , otherwise only a liquidation sce-
nario is possible. 
In the second scenario, ‘liquidation scenario’, the average cost of replacing one workplace in the coal 
sector is PLN 270,000 (approx. EUR 63,0 00 ) and the cost for employees of PGG and the mining sector 
(200,000 employees) is PLN 54 billion (approx. EUR 13 billion) . This scenario has negative socio - eco-
nomic effects (i.e. unemployment, outflow of capital, inhibition of development). 
Ms Buzoń - Krupi ńska stressed that it is crucial to have willing investors before starting a process of clos-
ing mines . 
3.9 Just Transition from a Norwegian Trade Union perspective 
Jan Olav Andersen, The Electrician IT Workers Union 
Mr Andersen is the general secretary of the Electrician and IT Workers Union in Norway. The union has 
38 000 members, working in sectors like electrical engineering, production of renewable energy and 
distribution of electricity, telecommunications and IT. Mr Andersen presented five pillars fundame ntal 
in the concept of just transition from a trade union perspective: 
• Creating new and better jobs in a sustainable economy . Political action and investments in new 
sectors are important to achieve this. 
• Ensure worker´s rights and ability to obtain neces sary and updated skills . One of the most im-
portant aspects of just transition is continuous work to gain and maintain the competence needed. 
W orkplaces and the education system can facilitate this. 
• Social security based on a welfare state . A transition might result in periods where workers are un-
employed. The alternative to employment cannot be poverty. 
• An international and collective responsibility . There should be dispersion of the burden of trans-
forming the economy. Rich and developed co untries must take most of the burden. 
• The inclusion of workers organisations in shaping a sustainable future . Cooperation between work-
ers organisations, employer organisations and government.

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 Barbro Tverfjell Auestad , The Industry and Energy Union 
The Norwegian Industry and Energy Union represent s over 55,000 workers in oil, gas and onshore in-
dustry. 
Ms Tverfjell Auestad emphasised that t he world needs CCS. CCS will make it possible to use hydrocar-
bons as energy with out any GHG emissions. When or if the demand for hydrogen increases, CCS can 
enable provision of emission free energy easy to use for shipping or other off - grid energy use. I t will also 
make it possible to make cement and other produce for infrastructure a nd buildings without CO
2 emis-
sions. She was c oncerned that the process is moving forward too slowly. 
For a just transition to occur, she pointed to a need for enough permanent and high - quality jobs and for 
w orkers to be able to stay in the same geographica l areas as before. 
3.10 Opportunities in a low emission society - Norwegian Business Per-
spective 
Per Anker - Nilssen, Head of Energy and Environment, Confederation of Norwegian Enterprises (NHO) 
The Confederation of Norwegian Enterprises is Norway’s largest org anisation for employers , with 
26 , 000 affiliated compa n ies. The main objective of the confederation is to create and sustain conditions 
that safeguard competitiveness and profitability of business and industry in Norway. 
Mr Anker - Nilssen reiterated the message from previous presentations that the government plays an 
important role in ensuring a transition towards a sust ainable economy . It can p rovid e incentives to push 
markets in the right direction (e.g. the NOx fund) and lay the foundation for innovations and new tech-
nologies through research, development and demonstration ( &D) programs and provision of infra-
structu re facilities for testing pilots. An example of such a program is the CLIMIT program in Norway 
which helps fund CCS pilots on cement and waste incineration. Public procurement is also a tool to 
increase the application of new and environmentally friendly t echnologies. In his view, there are not 
enough relevant public instruments being used to date . 
He highlighted that t here are m ajor barriers in early commercialisation stages, with high costs and risks , 
and that public incentive schemes will have the greate st impact on the pace of innovation in these stages . 
Investments in R&D&D require predictability in demand and stability in regulation. According to Mr An-
ker - Nilssen, b usiness action depends on two things: 
• the market formed by customer preferences, demands and willingness and ability to pay the envi-
ronmental cost 
• the regulatory framework set by authorities globally, regionally and nationally. 
NHO believes that cooperative multi - stakeholder partnerships within and among business and employ-
ees, investors, st ates, regions, cities, and communities can help catalyse growth jobs and emission re-
ductions. Trust and mutual understanding is important.

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 3.11 Co - operation on air pollution and improving the efficiency of the 
Polish environmental inspection 
Barbara Toczko , Chief Inspector ate of Environmental Protection (GIOŚ) 
The Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection (GIOŚ) is responsible for air quality monitoring and 
assessments in Poland under the framework of the State Environmental Monitoring Programme. It ac-
q uires data on voivodeship (county) and national level and reports to foreign and international institu-
tions, including the European Environment Agency and European Commission. 
Ms Toczko presented t wo projects financed under the EEA Financial Mechanism 2009 - 2014 to support 
air quality in Poland. The Norwegian Institute of Air Research (NILU) was Project partner on both pro-
jects . 
• Project 1 ( budget: 1,3 million euros)
based on Norwegian experience. The project included the development of a portal for visualisa-
tion of air quality data. 
• Project 2 ( budget: 6,6 million euros) Strengthening technical capacities of Inspection of Environ-
mental Protection through the procurement of measurement, laboratory and IT equipment . 
Possible projects under det EEA Financial Mechanism 2016 - 2021 with NILU as p roject partner are : 
• Research project on the in flu e nce of emission sources on PM concentrations in chosen cities and 
agglomerations in Poland 
• Strengthening monitoring of wet deposition in Poland – revision of methodology and implementa-
tion of the new system 
3.12 Transportation: Electromobility 
Krystian Szcz epański, Director of the Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, 
Poland (IOŚ - PIB)
Mr Szczepański p resented the results of a project under the Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2009 - 2014 
on electromobility in Poland . The project had three components; Research and Development, Evalua-
tion Studies - Implementation, and Promotion. Some of the key findings of the project: 
• Electromobility expansion will not overflow the National Power System but will significantly affect 
the distribution network. Local energy storage, distributed energy and high - quality charging equip-
ment can reduce the burden on networks. Modernisation of the medium and low voltage system 
should be carried out concurrently with e lectromobility development. 
• Electromobility development showed no effect on air quality with the existing energy mix in Po-
land but will result in apparent improved air quality if the energy comes from renewable energy 
sources. Electromobility should be tre ated as one of the aspects of improving air quality in metro-
politan areas. 
• The most effective initiatives to support electromobility development were found to be : 
– Strong direct financial incentives in the initial phase of electromobility development and t heir 
gradual withdrawal as it progresses 
– Creation of a good "climate" for Electric Vehicle ( EV ) users - free parking lots, dedicated park-
ing spaces, access to bus lanes and low - emission zones

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 – Instantly recognizable marking of EV cars 
– Strengthening low - emis sion public transport, including EV sharing and electric taxis 
– Promoting pro - environmental lifestyle, including the use of low - emission individual and public 
transport 
– Establishing a platform/institution coordinating and supporting electromobility developm ent in 
Poland 
– Charging infrastructure should be developed in a thoughtful and comprehensive manner 
• Promotion tasks of the project included a nationwide promotional campaign, an information cam-
paign for public administration, and establishment of publicly a vailable, fast charging stations inte-
grated with renewable energy systems. 
3.13 Electromobility - experiences from Oslo, Norway 
Sture Portvik, Oslo Municipality 
In 2008, the City Parliament in Oslo adopted “a ten - point plan” to reduce CO
2 emissions, to which t he 
large - scale introduction of EVs plays a big part. Mr Portvik presented some of the key success factors 
and challenges for the use of EVs based on experiences from Oslo. 
To increase the use of EVs, the cars must be cheap to buy (no purchasing tax, no VAT ) , c heap to use 
(free parking, free electricity, free passing in toll gates) and c onvenient to use (easy access to charging, 
access to parking, bus lines) While 
incentives have been in place in Norway since the 1990s, the uptake of EVs didn’t take off until electric 
car models like Nissan Leaf and Tesla Model S were available on the market. 
Some of the c hallenges experienced in Oslo include : 
• I t is hard to deploy enough chargers to keep up with demand 
• Over half of Oslo’s population is living in flats, posing challenges for charging 
• Electrification of EVs for professional use (trucks, vans etc) needs a boost 
3.14 Energy Management in the Polish Industry 
Andrzej Rajkiewicz, National Energy Conservation Agency (NAPE), Hans Borchsenius , Norwegian Energy 
Mr Borchsenius and Mr Rajkiewicz presented the experience from a pr oject aiming to improve energy 
management in Polish SMEs. The project was financed by Norway Grant s within the programme PL04 
“ Energy saving and promoting renewable energy sources” and implemented by National Energy Con-
servation Agency (NAPE) in cooperation with Norwegian Energy . The project was initiated in early 2016 
and finished by the end of 2017. 
During the project, energy management in accordance with the energy standard ISO 50001 was imple-
mented in nine selected Polish companies . In each company the energy policy, energy audits have been 
prepared and the energy management structures have been cr eated. As the by - effect of the project, in 
result of performed energy audits in participating companies, a set of measures improving energy effi-
ciency has been identified. The sum of the effects of implementation of the measures has been esti-
mated to energ y savings of 57 000 MWh / year .

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 Measures implemented included moderni s ation (exchange) of heating networks and nodes , moderni-
s ation of ventilation systems and electric drives , and moderni s ation of lighting, compressed air systems, 
reduction of heat and cooling losses, economi s ers on boilers . 
3.15 Climate change adaptation - green infrastructure, jobs and public 
health 
Anne Erlandsen, Vista Analyse 
One of the expected consequences of climate change is increased intensity and frequency of rainstorms. 
Ms Erlands en’s presentation showed how g reen infrastructure presents an opportunity to make cities 
more resilient to heavy rainfall while at the same time generating additional benefits such as improving 
water and air quality, reducing the heat island effect, reduci ng noise pollution, captur ing CO
2 and pro-
tect ing biodiversity. Many of these benefits also have positive effects on public health and wellbeing. 
Examples of green infrastructure include green roofs, rain gardens, green walls, permeable pavement, 
urban park s and wetlands. 
The Green C ity, Clean Waters initiative launched by the water department in Philadelphia is an example 
of how green infrastructure can be a sensible approach to stormwater management while at the same 
time creating local job opportunities a nd generating environmental and social benefits. The initiative 
was launched in 2011 and will spend $1.2 billion on public investments in green infrastructure over 25 
years. The water department estimated that investments in green infrastructure were less costly than 
upgrading the existing combined sewer system. To date the initiative has helped create an industry 
cluster of at least 60 green infrastructure firms and is supporting 430 local jobs. 
3.16 International cooperation in the CCS field through ERANET Cof und 
under Horizon 2020 and EEA - Norway Grants 
Ragnhild Rønneberg, Special Adviser, Norwegian Research Council 
In her presentation, Ms Rønneberg emphasised the importance of k nowledge sharing and cooperation 
at an international level in building the competence needed within the area of climate change and CCS . 
Ms Rønneberg also underlined the importance of political interest and will to support R&D projects. She 
extended an invi tation to Poland to become partner in the R&D programs Joint Program Initiative cli-
mate (JPI Climate) and Accelerating CCS Technologies (ACT). The EEA and Norway Grants can be used 
to finance expenses and investments needed to joi n these initiatives. 
The p urpose of JPI Climate is to increase open international climate change research and innovation 
cooperation. There are currently 12 member countries (and 5 associated) in JPI Climate. JPI Climate is 
in the phase of developing a series of activities, includi ng calls, for the next 2 - 5 years. 
ACT is an international initiative to establish CO
2 capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) as a tool , to 
combat global warming . The ambition of the initiative is to fund research and innovation projects that 
can lead to safe and cost - effective technology. ACT has 13 partners from 12 different countries. The 
knowledge sharing is taking part across borders between R&D institutions, industry and policy makers , 
benefitting all partners. Membership also provides value for mon ey. For example, Norway invested 7 
million euros and Spain invested 0.3 million euros in the first round of ACT calls and both got access to 
projects results at a value of 50 million euros.

Summary Report - Joint seminar on Just Transition between Poland and Norway 
 
Vista Analyse | 2018/43 16 
 3.17 Polish experiences – domestic and international projects 
Adam Wójc icki, The Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute (PIG - PIB)
The presentation showed a historical overview and status of selected R&D Carbon Capture Use and 
Storage ( ) activities in Poland. Saline aquifers make the most of CO
2 storage potential in Poland 
(mostly onshore) but this option seems to be a waste of a precious resource. 
The potential of CO2 storage in hydrocarbons including enhanced hydrocarbon recovery is r elatively 
small but this option is relatively safe and viable (the technology is proven worldwide, especially in case 
of CO2 - EOR). 
The main problem is (in)availability of a sufficiently big and not very expensive CO
2 stream. Though 
small - scale installations capturing CO
2 from flue gases in power plants exist, it seems the solution is too 
expensive. However, there are several chemical (fertiliser, ammonia) plants in Poland releasing rela-
tively pure CO
2 which could be easily captured. 
EEA and Nor way Grants has financed a s tudy on CO
2 injection into gas bearing shales ( 2014 to 
20 17) as a method to enhance gas production . However , industrial production of gas from shales has 
not been achieved yet . 
3.18 Just Catch – modular capture plants – offer sev eral advantages 
Oscar Graff, Vice President, Head of CCUS, Aker Solutions 
Aker Solutions is a Norwegian company offering products and services to the oil and gas industry but is 
also active in CC U S and floating wind. The company has 14,000 employees in 50 different locations 
around the world and the only company globally that covers the whole CC U S value chain . Mr Graff 
presented a new development by the company : modular capture plants named “Just Catch”. 
One substantial benefit of the modular capture plant s is that th e technology is standardised and can be 
scaled according to the size of the plant. The modular capture plants can be easily transported, are quick 
to install , and come at a low cost. 
CC U S is not only for fossil fuel, but for the industry in ge neral (waste - to - energy, steel and cement pro-
duction, etc.) apply CC U S. The CC U S technology is verified 
and ready for the market and while the cost of emitting CO2 is increasing the cost of carbon capture is 
decreasing. 
There is considerable potential for the use of C O
2 as feedstock for other products or in greenhouses . 
For example, Europe is a net importer of methanol but can make methanol from CO
2 . There is also a 
lack of proteins needed for fish feed in Europe, but proteins can be made via algae production and CO
2 .

Su mmary Report - Joint seminar on Just Transition between Poland and Norway 
 
Vista Analyse | 2018/43 17 
 3.19 Green innovation - Presentations on new business opportunities 
Knut Ringstad, Innovation Norway, Jan Wrzesień, Pr esident of the Board, Zakłady Sanitarne w Krakowie, 
Paweł Jarzyński, Vice - chairmen of the Board, Jawar Sp. z.o.o. 
Mr Ringstad from Innovation Norway provid ed an overview of the Green Industry Innovation program 
and the results achieved in Poland to date , f ollowed by examples of projects supported by the program 
presented by Mr Wrzesień (Zakłady Sanitarne w Krakowie) and Mr Jarzyński (Jawar Sp. z.o.o ) . 
Innovation Norway stimulates profitable business development throughout Norway, but also contrib-
utes to in vestments in green technology and products in European countries through the Green Industry 
Innovation program. The program is funded by the EEA and Norway Grants and has for the program 
period of 2009 to 2014 resulted in 28 implemented projects in Poland with annual reduction of 50,000 
tonnes CO
2 , more than 85 new green jobs, 55 new production technologies, and improved profitability. 
For the program period 2014 to 2021 (implementation 2018 to 2024) Poland wil l receive 85 million 
euros from EEA and Norway Grants. Mr Ringstad expressed that i t was a unique positive experience to 
work with Polish companies and authorities . 
Zakłady Sanitarne w Krakowie received funding from the Green Industry Innovation program f or the 
construction of a plant dedicated to burning only wet biomass. Mr Wrzesień e xpressed his gratitude to 
Innovation Norway for their friendly and professional approach during the process . 
J awar Sp. z.o.o received funding from the Green Industry Innova tion program for the development of a 
green chimney system, which can reduce PM2.5 and PM10 by 80 percent. Jawar has benefited from the 
development of the green chimney and is expanding internationally. It is now working on a new gener-
ation chimney that wi ll be even more energy efficient, with support from an EU grant. Mr Jarzyński 
echoed Mr Wrzesień’s gratitude to Innovation Norway for their approach during the process referring 
to mutual trust in their relationship, high flexibility and little bureaucracy . 
3.20 Equinor: Offshore wind – new business opportunities 
Paal Coldevin, Manager New Energy Solutions 
Equinor is the s econd l argest gas exporter to Europe but has in the last few years a lso started focusing 
on renewables. The company has renewable energy operations in the UK providing energy for 60,000 
homes. A driver for the company’s strategic move towards renewable energy is the increased compet-
itiveness of renewable technology. Compared to traditional oil and gas, renewable energy is looking 
increasingly attractive. 
Mr Coldevin mentioned three major projects in offshore w ind in their portfolio going forward : 
• Dogger Bank in the UK 
• Empire Wind outside New York, US 
• Joint Venture with Polenergia on the Baltic 2 and 3 leases in Poland. 
The Joint Venture with Polenergia will result in two projects that each will have investments in the range 
of 1.4 to 1.8 billion euros and result in direct employment during the constru ction phase of 1,200 to 
1,500 man - years spread over two to three years. These projects would be in operation for at least 25 
years.

Summary Report - Joint seminar on Just Transition between Poland and Norway 
 
Vista Analyse | 2018/43 18 
 In Mr Coldevin’s view there is potential for high class developments in Poland going forward and for 
offshore wind to becom e an important industrial activity. There is strong interest from leading develop-
ers and positive interest from Polish stakeholders. Politicians should ensure the regulatory and policy 
frameworks support this kind of development. 
3.21 Statkraft: Renewable ene rgy technologies – role in the future 
Steinar Bjørnbet, Commercial and Business Development Manager – Wind Europe, Statkraft 
Statkraft is Europe’s largest generator of renewable energy . The production is mostly based on hydro-
power, but the company has an a mbition to grow in onshore wind and solar in Europe , including Poland. 
Mr Bjørnbet gave four reasons for why a transition from a coal - based economy to renewables is bene-
ficial: 
• Renewable energy is clean 
• The resources are domestic 
• Renewable energy generates domestic jobs. For example, in the US there are now as many jobs in 
wind power a s in coal, and double as many jobs in solar as in coal. 
• On shore wind , offshore wind and solar will go dramatically down in cost , while existing coal, new 
coal and gas is getting more expensive. 
Mr Bjørnbet emphasised the n eed to harness these benefits an d to have a long - term national plan for 
the transition from coal to renewables. 
3.22 PGE in transition – How we do it 
Robert Grzegorowski, Managing Director Offshore Wind Energy Office, PGE Energia Odnawialna S.A. 
PGE is the largest energy supplier in Poland w ith over 5 million households as well as major business 
and industry as customers . The PGE value chain consists of mining, power generation, transmission, 
distribution and wholesale. PGE ’s production mainly comes from hard coal and lignite , but the company 
is looking to expand its renewable energy production in the future . 
Development of offshore wind i s one of PGE’s key initiatives for reducing its carbon footprint. Mr Grze-
gorowski presented details from PGE’s Baltica Offshore Wind Farm project, which cons ists of three parts, 
Baltica 1, 2 and 3. PGE is working with several agencies and ministries in order to come up with a dedi-
cated fit - for - purpose Act for offshore wind. 
3.23 Panel: Just transition – how can we proceed? 
Moderator: Mr. Robert Jeszke, Head of Strategy, Analysis and Auction Unit, The Institute o f Environmen-
tal Protection – National Research Institute (IOŚ - PIB)/The National Centre for Emissions Management 
(KOBiZE)

Summary Report - Joint seminar on Just Transition between Poland and Norway 
 
Vista Analyse | 2018/43 19 
 Participants: 
S. Mazurek, Undersecretary of State, Ministry of Environmen t, Poland 
I. J. Wiese, Senior Adviser, Ministry of Climate and Environment, Norway 
A. Tomasgard, Confederal Secretary, LO 
S. Smith, Director Just Transition Centre, Oslo 
M. Burny, Director, Department for International Affairs, PGE S.A. 
P. Lewandowski, President of the Board, Institute for Structural Research 
 
Question to S. Mazurek, Undersecretary of State, Ministry of Environment, Poland 
H ow is the transformation/transition going? 
• We are onboard and want to be part of this global project. Our ambition is to reach the goals in 
Katowice. We are implementing changes and need to create roadmap to meet our ambition. We 
m ust look for synergies with global trends, c ircular economy, artificial intelligence . Polish forests 
present an opportunity to capture CO
2 . We h ave the tools to pursue renewable energ y a n d elec-
tric transportation . C lean air is a priority. Just transition is possible and will be completed if the de-
cisions of my government are accepted by the public. We n eed to create jobs and reduce social 
costs and achieve this without harming social groups. 
Question to I. J. Wiese, Senior Adviser, Ministry of Climate and Environment 
Could you share some of Norway’s e xperience in just transition and workforce issues and highlight the 
key cha llenges in this area? 
• There are several opportunities for Poland as we see it. We believe t he government has a special 
role to play in facilitat ing a just transition. A s Mr Mazurek pointed out , there is a need for a long -
term plan for a transition to a mo re climate friendly energy mix. We understand your challenges 
and the uncertainties felt by the workforce and population , b ut we also see that there are so many 
new opportunities. The fact that costs of solar and wind have come down, while at the same time 
the cost of coal is increasing, presents a golden opportunity to take a step forward. Th e Govern-
ment of Norway , business enterprises , labour unions and research institutions are ready to sup-
port Poland in the transition period , for example through EEA gra nt s, the climate energy and the 
environment program, green innovation program and research program s . There is a p ossibility for 
a smooth transition that can benefit all of u s if you use these opportunities. 
Question to A. Tomasgard, Confederal Secretary, LO and S. Smith, Director Just Transition Centre, Oslo 
What are the key issues that we should keep in mind in the transition from coal from the governmental 
point of view but also f rom the workers point of view ? 
A. Tomasgard : 
• N o one has the clea r answer to this question . But I can share some experience. I was b orn in O dda , 
a small industrial town on the West Coast of Norway. T he fjord outside the factories was the most 
poisoned in the world , it was completely red . The government, trade unions and the polluting 
company cooperated to find solutions to the problem. As leaders of trade union s , we h ave to tell 
workers what they need to hear , not only what they want to hear. The reality in the example

Summary Report - Joint seminar on Just Transition between Poland and Norway 
 
Vista Analyse | 2018/43 20 
 above was the if the poisoning did not stop, there w ould not be jobs in Odda in the future. Coop-
eration, good relations and trust is essential. 
S. Smith: 
• J ust transition is about people. The transition is inevitable but what is not inevitable is t h at it will 
be just. When people are working in a sunset industry , knowing there is a discussion about change , 
those p eople are frightened and angry. Governments have a role to play in providing social secu-
rity, such as facilitating re - training/re - skilling and secure pensions, as well as creating job oppo rtu-
nities, for example by investing in new infrastructure , improve quality of schools and hospitals and 
investing in regions so people want to stay . These things are key to build trust and make people 
feel secure. 
Question to P. Lewandowski, President of t he Board, Institute for Structural Research 
Could you share your reflection on the costs of the transformation of the coal region in Poland? 
• W e should carefully consider how to spend funds on social security. In Poland we spent a fair 
amount of money towar ds supporting miners in the late 1990s and early 2000s. It is unlikely that 
the costs of a transition today would be higher than they were back then. Most of the transition 
can be achieved via letting workers retire. Money would be well - spent on modern voc ational train-
ing and lifelong learning. It will be smarter to invest in education for new industries, not sunset in-
dustries. 
Question to M. Burny, Director, Department for International Affairs, PGE S.A. 
How do you perceive the issue of financial support for a just transition of the energy sector in Poland? 
• The transition of the energy mix will not finance itself. We need broad retraining and r eskil l ing pro-
grams. The current mechanisms under the revised EU ETS directive are not s ufficient to cover the 
huge cap ital expenditure we have in front of us as utilities to stay on the path of decarbonisation , 
and so we would need more EU funding for the transformation of the Polish energy mix. According 
to our calculations we would 6 billion euro s in capital expenditure alone to continue the transi-
tion towards low carbon energy world by 2030. We need to expand the just transition principle 
not only from social welfare perspective but also to concrete investments which would move us 
tow ards renewables, gas - fired plants and also possibly nuclear . We are on the pace of changes, 
but do not expect the undoable. 
The moderator , Mr Jeszke, briefly summarised the panel discussion by identifying to structural problems: 
the social problem (workers losing and having to change jobs) and the business problem (the need for 
investments). Mr Jeszke stressed that just transition touch the problem of the whole energy sector in 
Poland and that the increasing prices of energy would have an impact on the whol e economy. Going 
forward it will be important to calculate the cost s of the transition and to analyse how it can be faced in 
the most beneficial way, economically and social ly .

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