Integrated Economic and Environmental Planning: Introduction and international experiences

Category	Lectures
Sub-Categories	n/a
Year	2013
Author(s)	Rasmus Reinvang
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Integrated Economic and Environmental Planning: 	Introduction and international experiences 	 	综	�	经济环	C	规	/	H	简	�Z\	际经验	 	 	By Rasmus Reinvang, Mag. Art. (	PhD	), Vista Analysis 	 	The 2013 	Annual	 Conference for 	Environmental	 Planning in China 	Taiyuan, China, 16.-17. August 2013.

1.	 	Background: Strengthening Environmental Planning (2009-12) 	2.	 	Introduction to key tools: CBA, SEA, MSG-6 	3.	 	Example of international experience: Hydropower 	4.	 	Resources 	g*�� ;	 	 5.	 	Next step: Strengthening environmental risk management (2013-15) 	Content 	
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Norwegian 	project	 partners / 	�>�8�	 	
!	 	Vista Analysis, a research institute and consultancy on economics, 	environmental economy and policy. !	 	CICERO, Center for International Climate and Environmental 	Research, Oslo !	 	�>	远	(�%�'2d	H\	际	��Z	环	C%�'2p�	H	��	陆	 	 Vista Analysis’ representative in Taiyuan: !	 	Rasmus Reinvang, 	PhD	, senior 	researcher	. 	!	 	12 	years	 experience	 with	 environment	 and 	sustainable	 development	 	policy 	work	, in Scandinavia, 	the	 EU, China, India. 	!	 	Lecturer	 at Copenhagen 	University	 (	Denmark	), 	University	 of	 Gdansk 	(Poland	), BI Norwegian Business School (Norway) 	 !	 	Rasmus	~"j	F�	p\�3�	拥	w	12	�	环	CZ��	续发	�d8	经验	 	!	 	�	时	��y;�*�!?��	F�	<	兰	A#�
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www.vista-analyse.no 	An 	example	 of	 decoupling	: 	Air 	pollution	 in Norway 1980 - 2000 	+:	钩	H	�>��	污		H	1980-2000	H

!	 	Project: ”	Improving	 the	 effectiveness	 of	 environmental	 5-Year Plans in 	China” (2009-2012) – 	Phase	 I 	!	 	Partners in China: 	p��8	 	!	 	MEP Planning Division, CAEP 	H环	�4�	规财	�	H	>�CAEP	H 	!	 	Pilot provinces: Jiangsu, Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan 	!	 	试	!l%,�	H�	苏	F�	�	F�	贵	^	F�	�!	 	!	 	Goal: To assist in 	improving	 environmental	 planning in China 	!	 	Main outputs: 	z0[	产		 	! 	Documentation	 of	 Chinese	 and International best 	practise	 in 	Environmental	 	Planning ! 	Guidebook	 in 	the	 use	 of	 Cost	-Benefit Analysis (CBA) and Strategic 	Environmental	 	Assessments	 (SEA) 	! 	Training 	of	 EPB staff from pilot 	provinces	 	! 	Policy 	recommendations	 	! 	Final seminar and 	publication	 of	 book in 	Chinese	 (2012)	 	 Phase I project (2009-2012) M�	项	% H	2009-2012	H	: 	f9�	环	C�	护	��	规	/$�	执	/�@�

Recommendations of Phase I 
M�	项	% 	议结论	 	!	 	Enhance	 coordination	 and 	strengthen	 horizontal	 and 	vertical	 collaboration	 of	 provincial	 	planning 	departments	 in 	the	 preparation	 stage 	of	 5-Year Plans. 	>�>�>�>�	>��	5˜	%,	级规	/4�	6í	$�	协	8	 	 !	 	Prioritize key points and weak links and improve competence at the 	provincial	 level	 	 	优	
��	5˜	5!l�-�E	环节	H	f9�%,	级	+�	 	! 	Strengthen	 planning 	research	 method	 and 	inventory	 	! 	Strengthen	 technical	 training, 	short	-term and long-term 	!	 	Emphasize	 the importance of data collection and lay a foundation for establishing the 	planning work platform, incl. ! 	Establish	 an 	economic	 and 	environmental	 data 	center	 	! 	Accelerate	 the	 research	 on	 pollution	 emission	 inventory	 and 	prediction	 	 	5	视	X#27�	H	为环	C	规	/��	础	 	!	 	Innovate	 policy 	measures	 and 	strenghten	 public	 participation	 in planning 	research	 and 	preparation	 process	, incl	. 	! 	Increase	 participation	 of	 enterprises	 and 	the	 public	 in planning 	preparation	 	>�>�>�>�	>�;'�	创	�	H	�	5˜	规	/	编	D	过	&�p$�
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1.	 	Background	: 	Strengthening	 Environmental	 Planning (2009-12) 	2.	 	Introduction to key tools: CBA, SEA, MSG-6 	3.	 	Example	 of	 international	 experience	: 	Hydropower	 	4.	 	Resources 	5.	 	Next	 step	: 	Strengthening	 environmental	 risk management (2013-15) 	www.vista-analyse.no 	Content 50[d
��	绍	HCBA	F�	SEA	F�	MSG-6

Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) 
!	 	Pioneered in the USA since the1980	’s 	*>\"�
�Q#�	 	!	 	Since 1981 mandatory use of CBA to assess 	new	 policy	 initiatives and 	programs. !	 	Also requiring CBA to evaluate performance of 	existing	 policies 	!	 	Also common in other Western countries 	0Y�\4"Q#�	 	 !	 	Widespread use for transportation projects 	�3�	领	��7	 	!	 	New roads, railway lines, airports etc. 	!	 	Well suited to assess environmental impacts, time savings etc. 	!	 	Increasingly used for environmental policies and projects 	!	 	Eg	. Waste treatment projects	 环	C;'�	项	% p	应	#�3�	渐	T�	 	!	 	Are relied on by decision makers 	j
�'�D*�Q#�	 	!	 	But they also rely on other inputs in the decision making process

CBA 	费	#�@%(�	 	
!	 	A formal analysis of the impacts of a project, regulation, 	programme, plan or policy 	对	�	项	% 	F�	2	规	F�	规	/H;'�$�G's$(�	 	 !	 	Designed to evaluate whether advantages (“benefits”) are greater 	than the disadvantages (“costs”) >�>�>�	>�#��	评		项	% 	优势	H@%	H��	势	H费	#�	H 	!	 	Used to choose among several projects with benefits larger than 	costs >�>�>�	>�#���&�@%	>	B�$��L�	选

Key questions answered in a CBA 
CBA	0�
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�	键问题	 	!	 	What are the available projects for solving the problem? 	 	0�
�	问题	$��#�	项	% w.�	H	 	!	 	Often many alternative projects 	!	 	Should project X be undertaken at all? 	 	项	% 	X	��	应	\	执	/�	H	 	!	 	Only if benefits > costs 	!	 	What is the optimal scale of the project? 	 	 项	% 	执	/�$�q	优	{�	H	 	!	 	Can inform about the desirable level of environmental quality 	!	 	When should the project be implemented? 	 	 项	% \1	时实	�	H

CBA - one of several similar tools CBA – 	�%&d
��M	 	 !	 	Cost Effectiveness Analysis	HB�w@�(�	H:  	a systematic mapping of the costs of potential projects that could reach the same goal	 	!	 	The goal is given - choose the cheapest project 	!	 	Cost Impact Analysis	HB�s$(�	H:  	a systematic mapping of the costs of potential actions, but where the effects of each action are not equal !	 	Cannot necessary choose the action with lowest costs 	 !	 	Cost Benefit Analysis	H费	#�@%(�	H:  	a systematic mapping of costs and benefits of potential projects !	 	Valuate these in monetary terms as far as possible 	!	 	Choose the project with the largest cost/benefit ratio

Steps in a CBA 	I	骤	 	
1.	 	Identify relevant projects 	 �%�%&
�	项	% 	 	1.	 	Describe a reference scenario e3�g!�_	 	2.	 	Identify and estimate relevant physical impacts of each project 	 �%�%&
�s$	 	3.	 	Evaluate physical impacts using monetary terms when possible 	 货币	�	评		 	4.	 	Compare benefits and costs for each project 	1.	 	�	较	2%�B�	 	5.	 	Conduct a sensitivity analysis 	1.	 	D��(�	 	6.	 	Recommend a project or projects 	1.	 	N,��	执	/�	项	%

Some CBA advantages 	优势	 	
!	 	Facilitate stakeholders in systematically identifying, discussing, 	quantifying and comparing the trade-offs of proposed projects 	 协	�<%%&
��	识	Jò	�	较	Y��L	 	 !	 	Allow policy makers to unitize (in RMB) and compare otherwise 	wide-ranging benefits and costs which accrue to various group 	 �	7	B�@%	统	M��	较	 	!	 	Allow policy makers to compare and prioritize competing uses of 	public funds 	 优	�
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�	资	5 Q#�	 	!	 	Inform policy makers in formulating economically sensible and 	defendable public investment programs 	 	 为	
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Some potential CBA 	disadvantages	 / 	 �~�	势	>� 	
!	 	Requires a lot of data and investigation 	X#Z	调查	7��	 	!	 	What would be the impacts of the project? 	!	 	How uncertain are they? 	!	 	What would it cost to implement the project? 	!	 	How to value the impacts? 	�1	货币	�s$	H	 	!	 	Several methods exist, but they could be time consuming and 	require special skills !	 	CBA is mostly relevant for larger public projects with potentially 	big impacts	 	z0[	应	#��
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Winners	 and losers from a 	project	 	
!	 	Traditionally, CBA does not include analysis of distributional effects 	! 	But important for policy makers to see who gains and who pays 	!	 	Usually not everyone benefits from a project… 	! 	… and someone may lose 	!	 	Those who benefit are not necessary those who pay 	 !	 	Insight in stakeholder positions could be crucial to ensure 	implementation of a project !	 	A first step would be to identify the effects on various groups and 	provide detailed information about them ! 	Then eventually the issue of equity could be considered in the CBA by 	assigning implicit and explicit distributional weights to calculate net benefits received by individuals

For policy makers… 	;'�D*�	… 	
"	 	How do the B/C ratios compare? (Ranking of projects) 	 项	% 	B/C	�<�	 	 "	 	Is the preferred project economically viable? 	 N,�	项	% 	经济	�/�	H	 	"	 	How confident are we in our estimates? 	 评	�8�	H	 	! 	Assumptions? All benefits and costs? Robustness? 	! 	Do those that are affected agree with our results – or would they prioritize differently? 	"	 	Do we have or can we get the financing? 	 资	5 � ;	H	 	! 	Would one project be more difficult than the other? 	! 	Is the population willing and able to pay for all or part? 	"	 	Are the conditions in place for the given project in the specific place? 	 项	% �#.��	H	 	! 	Construction risks? 	! 	Legal, institutional and administrative frameworks in place?

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) 战	$	环	C	评	�	 	
 !	 	The purpose 	of	 the	 SEA is to 	systematically	 evaluate	 environmental	 impacts	 of	 a 	plan/	programme	 designed	 for 	motivating	 a 	collection	 of	 projects	 – 	before	 the	 plan/	programme	 is 	started	 up 	! 	SEA 	can	 be 	seen	 as an 	extension	 of	 Environmental	 Impact	 Assessment	 (EIA), 	moving	 	from 	individual	 projects	 to 	policies	, plans and programs 	! 	An 	important	 purpose 	of	 the	 SEA is to bring forward 	the	 indirect	 impacts	 of	 projects	. Often, 	the aggregate impact of many projects is 	not	 found by adding the impact of each project. 	#	 	SEA	% 	标	H(�	统评	�	规	/$�	环	Cs$	 	!	 	The EU 	directive	 2001/42/EC makes SEA 	mandatory	 in 	the	 EU for plans/	programmes	 that	 are	 prepared	 for 	agriculture	, forestry	, fisheries	, energy	, industry	, 	transport, 	waste	/water management, 	telecommunications	, tourism	, town	 & country 	planning or land 	use	. 	#	 	EU	��H	2001/42/EC	H规	�l	农业	F�	�	业	F�	渔业	'�	领	�$�	规	/	须	�	SEA	 	!	 	SEAs 	can	 be 	conducted	 in different 	ways	. Some	 of	 these	 ”ways	” have 	their	 own	 	name	, such	 as ”Country 	Environmental	 Assessment	” or ”Regional 	Environmental	 	Assessment	”.

The steps 	of	 SEA / 	I	骤	 	
1.	 	Screening: Is an SEA necessary? 	 筛选	H��w�0[	进	/�	SEA	H	 	2. Scoping: Set objective and scope of the SEA 	 %�,r	围	�*�	 	3. Describe the baseline or reference scenario 	 g!�_	 	4. Identify and assess impacts of plans/programs 	 识	Jò	Z	评	s$	 	 	 - 	Incl	. assessing	 main	 alternatives and 	their	 impacts	 	5. Environmental 	reporting	 	 环	C	报	�	 	 	 - Describe	 environmental	 impacts	, mitigation	 and 	monitoring	 options	 	6. Consultation and 	participation	 	 	询	ZgZ	 	7. 	Monitoring	 of	 the	 env	. impact of the plan/program 	 监测

Why conduct an SEA? / 	�0[�	 	
!	 	SEA is a 	means	 to 	safeguard	 environmental	 assets	 and 	promote	 sustainable	 development	 	#	 	SEA	�7�	环	C	财	)	F�	�	进	��	续发	�	 	 !	 	It can improve decision-making by 	!	 	Providing 	environmental-based	 evidence	 to support 	informed	 	decisions	 	!	 	Preventing	 costly	 mistakes	 	!	 	Facilitate	 public	 engagement	 in 	decision	 making	 	!	 	Highlighting	 broad	 environmental	 and 	social	 issues	, giving a 	framework	 for 	specific	 EIA-studies 	!	 	Facilitating transboundary cooperation 	#	 	
�'�-�	 	www.vista-analyse.no

Environmental economic model in Norway: MSG 6 �>	环	C	经济	��	-MSG 6	 	!	 	MSG 6 = Multisectoral Growth Model, version 6 	 �4�	6í	T	长	��	 	!	 	Belongs to a model family called Computable General Equilibrium 	models, CGE-	models	 	 ��M+��/���	 	!	 	Long-term economic and environmental forecasts, 	recognizing	 	 长	�	经济	Z	环	C	预测	��	 	! 	that	 long-term 	economic	 development	 is 	shaped	 by 	investment	, labour	 supply	 	and 	technology	 	! 	That	 long-term 	industry	 composition	 is 	also	 shaped	 by 	prices	 and 	income	 	!	 	Covers 60 commodities and 40 	industries	 / 40	m/�	业	$�	60	&�_	 	!	 	Covers emissions to air / 	�%��	污	<:

Production per 	industry	 / 	/�	业	#�	产	�

Meets household demand	 	�7��

www.vista-analyse.no 	MSG-6	p��	污		l
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Application in Norway / 	�>	应	#�	 	
!	 	Economic	 scenarios 	started	 in 1960s / 1960	��	经济	_	应	#�	 	!	 	First environmental scenarios in 1973 / 1973	�	环	C_	应	#�	 	!	 	Now routine to publish scenarios for emissions to air 	 ����	污	<:_$��	规	��2	 	 
¼% 	higher	 annual	 	productivity growth ¼% 	�#�	产	�T	长	 	¼% 	higher	 energy	 	productivity growth ¼% 	+ ;#�	产	�T	长	 	20% 	higher	 world	 	market price oil w	场	�AV	20%	 	150,000 more People ��T	长	150,000	 	Impacts on greenhouse gas emissions 2020, mill tons. 2020	年	对	温室气体排放的影响	 （百万吨	）

Applications in Norway (examples) �>	应	#�HL[	H	 	!	 	Costs of carbon 	taxation	 	 &&�B�	 	!	 	Costs and benefits of environmental tax reform 	 环	C&�58	B�@%	 	!	 	Costs and benefits of quotas versus carbon taxes 	 4�	额	>�vs. 	&&�$�B�@%	 	!	 	Environment and trade: Carbon 	leakage	 	 环	CZ	贸	�	H&<:	 	!	 	Analyses exploring the links between technology policy, innovation 	activity and environmental emissions 	 �	术	;'�	F�	创	��	环	C	污	<:%&
��(�	 	!	 	Analyses that describe damages of emissions 	 污		损	(�

Institutional 	coordination	 / 	4�	6í	协调	 	
!	 	Ministry	 of	 Finance is 	responsible	 for 	economic	 policy, 	economic	 	growth	 and 	sustainable	 development	 	!	 	Uses	 models	 actively	 in 	economic	 planning and 	economic	 policy 	development	 	#	 	财	;4�	 – 	经济	;'�	F�	经济	T	长	���	续发	�	 	!	 	Ministry	 of	 Environment is 	responsible	 for 	environmental	 policy, 	environmental	 planning and 	environmental	 outcomes	 	!	 	Use models to understand future environmental challenges and for 	environmental planning #	 	环	C4�	>�– 	环	C;'�	F�	环	C	规	/�	环	C	产

Institutional 	cooperation	 / 	4�	6í	�8	 	
!	 	Economic	 environmental	 policy is 	formulated	 jointly	, 	with	 	Ministry	 of	 Finance 	having	 the	 last 	word	 	#	 	财	;4�
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�	5·	H	经济环	C;'�	联	�	发	x	 	!	 	Statistics	 Norway 	maintains	 and 	improves	 the	 models	, 	maintains	 	databases and 	conduct	 research-	based	 analyses. 	!	 	Accepted as an impartial referee 	
�G	 	!	 	Transparency is essential 	3��	 	#	 	�>	统计	�	对	��	进	/�'�#.�5	进	H	维护	X#	库	H	�%�'2

1.	 	Background	: 	Strengthening	 Environmental	 Planning (2009-12) 	2.	 	Introduction	 to 	key	 tools	: CBA, SEA, MSG-6 	3.	 	Example of international experience: Hydropower 	4.	 	Resources 	5.	 	Next	 step	: 	Strengthening	 environmental	 risk management (2013-15) 	www.vista-analyse.no 	Content / 	
�	 	\	际经验	L[	H�	电资	 ;

Norway is full 	of	 waterfalls / 	!x�\	-�	>

!	 	Hydropower	 has 	been	 	used for 	centuries	 	!	 	The first 	electric	 plant 	was	 built	 1877 	!	 	q�$�	电	'p	-1877	 	!	 	Today	 99% of electric 	power in Norway is hydro !	 	�>	99%	$�	电	'p	为	�	电	'p

Conflicts	 /	
�':	 	
!	 	Over time, 	the	 level	 of	 conflict	 	over 	hydropower	 projects	 	became	 quite	 high	 	!	 	针对	�	电项	% $�%�%*�%T�	 	!	 	Even 	leading	 to a hunger 	strike	 outside	 the	 Norwegian 	Parliament !	 	#�+�	导	+�~�>	议	
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Master Plan for Hydro Resources 
�	资	 ;	总	/	规	/	 	!	 	Developed from 1981 to 1984 / 	编	D�	1981-1984	 	!	 	Follow	 up reports in 1986 and later 	!	 	Covered	 540 	potential	 hydropower	 projects	 	!	 	Often	 several	 per 	physical	 location 	#	 	0]%	540	m �~�	电项	% 	 	!	 	Total 40 TWh 	development	 potential	 	!	 	Compared to about 100 TWh installed per 1980 and 20 TWh 	protected #	 	
�	约	40	亿	#�	时发	� �+	 	www.vista-analyse.no

Purpose of Master Plan / 	总	/	规	/% 	标	 	
!	 	To present to the parliament a proposal for a 	prioritised	 listing of hydropower projects for 	subsequent consideration for licensing. #	 	为议	
fj�	续	�	电项	% 	发	�	优	
��	单	 	!	 	Priority should be given to the projects that were most 	favorable from both an economic and an environmental viewpoint. #	 	�	经济	Z	环	C$�0��*�	虑优	
�	项	% 	 	www.vista-analyse.no

How	 it 	got	 there	. The process. 	
gB	过	&�	…	 	!	 	Led by the Ministry of Environment 	!	 	In cooperation with the Ministry of Energy and the Water Resources 	Board (similar to MWR China) and others #	 	环	�4�	牵头	H	Z+ ;4���<4�'��8	 	!	 	One expert group per impact category 	!	 	National 	level	 	!	 	County	 level	 	!	 	A great number of people and stakeholders involved! 	#	 	%&\�$��	员	/<%%&
��gZ	G�	 	 	
www.vista-analyse.no

Methodology at plan level 
规	/�2�	 	 !	 	Key task is to compare economic cost 	#	 	
�	键	�	务	H�	较经济	B�	 	!	 	And environmental+social non-monetary benefits 	#	 	Z	环	C	+	&k
8�	货币	2%	 	!	 	Six	 cost	 classes	 were	 defined	 	!	 		义	�
�&�B�	7	�	 	!	 	What	 about 	benefits	? 	!	 	——	2%	H	 	 	
www.vista-analyse.no

16 	benefit	 categories	 / 	2%	7Jò	 	
!	 	Hydropower potential 	电	+	 	!	 	Nature conservation (geology, botany, landscape, zoology) 	资	 ;�	护	 	!	 	Outdoor recreation (tourism related) 	户	�	娱乐	 	!	 	Fish and wildlife – (hunting and fishing) 	渔业	�5#�	动	"@	 	!	 	Water supply 	j�	 	!	 	Water quality (pollution) 	�	质	H污		H 	!	 	Cultural heritage 	e�	遗产	 	!	 	Agriculture and forestry 	农业	��	业	 	!	 	Reindeer husbandry (specific for the laps – indigenous people) 	驯	;�	驯	
�	 	!	 	Flood protection 	75e	 	!	 	Erosion control 	75�uv�	 	!	 	Transportation 	�3�	 	!	 	Ice 	
�	冻	 	!	 	Water temperature 	� 	 	!	 	Climate 	��	 	!	 	Regional Economy 	
�	经济

Aggregation of impacts and classification s$(�	计	�(	7	 	!	 	Stakeholders have different opinions about what is important: Give 	and take 	process	 	 <%%&
��$�Y��	见	 	!	 	Preliminary aggregate score based on 285 site reports: Adjusted 	and synchronised at central level by comparing 	projects	 	!	 	��t(	H	p�	汇总	 	!	 	Finally the 540 projects were classified into 3 categories: 	!	 	Class I: Considered for licence immediately 	!	 	Class II: Can be used for hydro power or other purposes 	!	 	Class III: Should be protected 	#	 	540	m	项	% (	为	3	�	7	H 	#	 'g6	许	�	H#���	电	H
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End result of Master Plan 
总	/	规	/	结	�	…	 	
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Example: Consequence for Otta 
�*	实	[	 	!	 	Upper	 Otta (’Otta’) is a major river in 	Norway	 	!	 	Drains	 higher	 elevations	 and is 	glacier	 fed	 	#	 	�>V�*	H	9���	H	�
�]	 	!	 	High conflict level over development 	!	 	Nature conservation zones, cultural heritage, endangered 	species…. !	 	Versus high hydropower potential, low cost and regular 	floods #	 	+�!��	护	
	F�	濒	4"@&�'�	>�VS. 	9��	电	+	F�	*B�'�	 	www.vista-analyse.no

The story of hydropower in Otta 
�*$���	发电	�	…	 	!	 	The first plan for 	hydro	 	development	 in Otta is 	dated	 	1913 #	 	1913	�	规	/	 	!	 	A 40 m dam 	was	 built	 in 1940’s 	#	 	1940	�4�	40m	�	坝	 	!	 	Increasing	 the dam to 100 m 	was discussed in 60’s and 70’s. #	 	60	-70	��	讨论	T+�	100m

!	 	The 100 m dam was stopped by 	Master Plan #	 	总	/	规	/��	100m	�	坝	 	!	 	Out of max potential of 3TWh, 2 	TWh were protected by plan #	 	2	TWh	�	电	/��	护	 	!	 	In 1996 1 TWh 	was	 proposed	 for 	licencing	. This was further 	reduced. #	 	1996	�	H	<1TWh		议		发	 	!	 	After	 90 years of discussion 	construction started 2002 and from 2007 0.7 TWh is produced. #	 	2007	�	发电	5	0.7TWh	 	
The story 	of	 hydropower	 in Otta 	
�*$���	发电	�	…

Relevance for China / 	Zp\$�%&
��	 	
!	 	Large hydropower plans e.g., in Yunnan Province 	 ���	电项	% 	规	/	H	��!%,	 	!	 	Conflicts with biodiversity, agriculture etc 	!	 	Plus with other 	nations	! /	Z	农业	F�	#�	态	F�	邻	\'�$�
�':	 	!	 	A hydro project that is constructed, can never be 	undone	 	 �	电项	% Y�3�	 	!	 	Calls for an 	integrated	 plan: An SEA, Master Plan etc. 	 综	�	规	/���	 	!	 	The Norwegian experience is that a carefully designed plan 	integrating many stakeholders reduces the level of conflict and benefits	 everybody	 	 ��	综	�$�	规	/&�<�W

1.	 	Background	: 	Strengthening	 Environmental	 Planning (2009-12) 	2.	 	Introduction	 to 	key	 tools	: CBA, SEA, MSG-6 	3.	 	Example	 of	 international	 experience	: 	Hydropower	 	4.	 	Resources 	g*�� ;	 	5.	 	Next	 step	: 	Strengthening	 environmental	 risk management (2013-15) 	www.vista-analyse.no 	Content

www.vista-analyse.no

1.	 	Background	: 	Strengthening	 Environmental	 Planning (2009-12) 	2.	 	Introduction	 to 	key	 tools	: CBA, SEA, MSG-6 	3.	 	Example	 of	 international	 experience	: 	Hydropower	 	4.	 	Resources 	5.	 	Next	 step	: 	Strengthening	 environmental	 risk management (2013-15) 	www.vista-analyse.no 	Content 	
�	 	WMId8	H�	5˜	环	C	风险	'�#.H	2013-2015	H

Phase II project (2013-2015) ��	项	% 	H	�9�@$�	环	C	风险	75,r/(�	 	
!	 	Project 	name	: ”	Planning for Cost-effective Environmental Risk Reduction in 	China”	 (2013-2015) – 	Phase	 II 	!	 	Project partners in China: 	! 	CAEP (lead), MEP 	departments	, 	! 	Jiangsu and Guizhou 	province	 EPBs	, 	! 	Tongling	 and 	Anshun	 city 	EPBs	. 	#	 	项	% �8�	HCAEP	F�	MEP	%&
�4�	6í	H	�	苏	F�	贵	^	F�	铜	7`	F�	�	顺	 	!	 	Goal: To improve planning methods for cost-effective environmental risk 	prevention in China #	 	% 	标	H�	进	p\B�w@$�	环	C	风险	75M	规	/�2	 	!	 	Main outputs: 	! 	Mapping	 of	 international	 best 	practise	 on	 environmental	 risk management 	! 	Training 	on	 environmental	 planning and risk 	reduction	 methodologies	 	! 	Methodological	 framework	 for 	environmental	 risk 	reduction	 planning in China 	! 	Policy 	recommendations

Results of survey of project participants in China p\	项	% gZ�	调查结	�	 	!	 	The anonymous mapping of knowledge level showed that: 	! 	68% of respondents report that they have some knowledge of environmental risk 	reduction methodologies, but only 9% on a level where they are able to apply this knowledge in practical work. ! 	45% report that they have no knowledge of international experiences and best 	practice with environmental risk reduction methodologies. ! 	When asked to what extent you are satisfied with the current methods and tools 	available for environmental risk prevention, control and response, 87% reported insufficiency in various ways. ! 	Conclusion	: The fundamental knowledge base in the target group is strong, but 	there is a need to move from theoretical knowledge to more practically applicable knowledge, expand the currently available methods and tools, and to learn from international best practices. #	 	结论	H7�0[T	5˜	环	C	风险	75M�2$�	实际应	#�	H	��	对	�2�\	际经验	$��0�

Thank	 you	 for 	your	 attention	 	 	 	 	rasmus@vista-analyse.no	 	www.vista-analyse.no

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Rasmus Raabo Reinvang
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2013-10-02T09:48:06+00:00
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