Evaluation of Nordic World Heritage Foundation (2008-2013)

Report 2013/40

Karin Ibenholt, Rasmus Reinvang og Hanne Toftdahl

Evaluation of Nordic World Heritage Foundation (2008-2013)

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Year	2013
Report Number	40
Author(s)	Karin Ibenholt Rasmus Reinvang Hanne Toftdahl
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!RAPPORT 2013/40 Karin Ibenholt, Rasmus Reinvang, Hanne Toftdahl, Philip Swanson ! Evaluation of Nordic World Heritage Foundation (2008-2013) !

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!2!Document)details!!!!Vista!Analyse!AS!Report!number!2013/40!!Title!!Evaluation! of! Nordic! World! Heritage!Foundation!!!ISBN!978J82J8126J136J5!!Authors!Karin! Ibenholt,! Rasmus! Reinvang,! Philip!Swanson,!Hanne!Toftdahl!!Date!for!completion!16.!October!2013!!Project!manager!Karin!Ibenholt!!Quality!assurer!Sidsel!Sverdrup!!Commisioned!by!Norwegian!Ministry!of!Environment,!UNESCO!!Availability!Public!!Published!Net!!Key!words!World!Heritage,!evaluation,!development!aid!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!3!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!4!Preface!!This! evaluation! is! performed! on! behalf! of! the! Norwegian! Ministry! of! Environment! and!UNESCO.!Our! contact! persons!has! been!Ingunn! Kvisterøy,! Siri! Kloster! and! Berit! Halvorsen,!from!the! Ministry! of! Environment,!and! Giovanni! Boccardi,!Coordinator! C2Jnetworks! at! the!World!Heritage!Centre!at!UNESCO.!!The! evaluation! is! based! on!comprehensive! written! material,! interviews! with! a! broad!range! of! actors! and! a! questionnaire.! We! would! like! to! thank! all! who! have! participated!with!valuable!information,! and! especially! the! secretariat! at! the! Norwegian! World!Heritage!Foundation.!!16!October!2013!Karin!Ibenholt!Project!manager!Vista!Analyse!AS!!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!5!Content!Document!details!................................................................................................................................................!2!Preface!.....................................................................................................................................................................!4!Content!....................................................................................................................................................................!5!Executive!summary!...........................................................................................................................................!8!1!Introduction!...............................................................................................................................................!17!1.1!Background!........................................................................................................................................!17!1.2!Objectives!for!the!evaluation!......................................................................................................!17!1.3!Methods!used!in!the!evaluation!................................................................................................!19!1.4!Readers!Guide!...................................................................................................................................!20!2!World!Heritage!and!NWHF!..................................................................................................................!21!2.1!UNESCO!&!World!Heritage!..........................................................................................................!21!2.2!Norwegian!policies!for!World!Heritage!.................................................................................!24!2.3!Nordic!World!Heritage!Foundation!.........................................................................................!25!2.3.1!History!.........................................................................................................................................!25!2.3.2!The!agreement!.........................................................................................................................!26!2.4!Organisation!of!the!foundation!..................................................................................................!27!2.4.1!An!independent!nonJprofit!foundation!.........................................................................!27!2.4.2!The!Board!...................................................................................................................................!27!2.4.3!The!secretariat!.........................................................................................................................!28!2.5!Strategy!and!activities!...................................................................................................................!29!2.5.1!NWHF’s!Alternative!Strategy!2010J2014!.....................................................................!29!2.5.2!NWHF’s!Strategy!2009J2014!(abandoned!Spring!2010)!......................................!31!2.5.3!Main!projects!and!activities!................................................................................................!31!2.6!Economics!and!internal!systems!..............................................................................................!33!2.6.1!Funding!and!accounts!...........................................................................................................!33!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!6!2.6.2!Result!Based!Management!..................................................................................................!36!3!Case!studies:!Three!projects!from!the!period!..............................................................................!41!3.1!The!Natural!World!Heritage!in!Africa!Phase!II–project!..................................................!41!3.2!The!”Implementation!programme!of!Second!Periodic!Report!in!Africa”Jproject!44!3.3!Sustainable!Tourism!......................................................................................................................!46!4!Analysis!of!NWHFs!organisation!and!activities!..........................................................................!50!4.1!Relevance!............................................................................................................................................!51!4.1.1!The! consistency! of! NWFH’s! mandate! with! the! policies! and! priorities! of! its!main!stakeholders!.................................................................................................................................!51!4.1.2!The!consistency!of!NWHF!organizational!setJup!with!the!mandate!................!52!4.1.3!The!consistency!of!NWHF’s!strategy!with!the!mandate!........................................!53!4.1.4!The!consistency!of!NWHF’s!activities!with!the!mandate!.......................................!55!4.1.5!Relevance!of!NWHF’s!activities!for!its!stakeholders!...............................................!56!4.2!Effectiveness!......................................................................................................................................!60!4.2.1!Main! achievements! and! correspondence! with! the! objectives! in! the! mandate!60!4.2.2!Achievement!of!the!objectives!in!the!strategy!...........................................................!62!4.2.3!Strengths:!Major!factors!behind!NWHF’s!achievements!.......................................!67!4.2.4!Weaknesses:!Major!factors!behind!NWHF’s!nonJachievements!........................!68!4.2.5!Adequacy! of! RBM! framework! and! associated! indicators! for! assessing!effectiveness!.............................................................................................................................................!70!4.3!Efficiency!.............................................................................................................................................!71!4.3.1!The!operations!of!the!secretariat!.....................................................................................!71!4.3.2!Efficiency!of!work!towards!the!mandate!......................................................................!73!4.3.3!Visibility!among!stakeholders!...........................................................................................!74!4.3.4!The!institutional!setJup!........................................................................................................!74!4.3.5!Funding!arrangements!.........................................................................................................!76!4.3.6!Resource!implications!for!UNESCO!of!interaction!with!NWHF!..........................!77!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!7!4.4!Impacts!and!Sustainability!..........................................................................................................!78!4.4.1!Impact!..........................................................................................................................................!78!4.4.2!Sustainability!of!results!and!impacts!.............................................................................!80!4.4.3!The!sustainability!of!NWHF!itself!....................................................................................!81!4.5!Implementations!of!recommendations!from!previous!assessments!........................!81!4.5.1!The!2007!evaluation!of!NWHF!..........................................................................................!82!4.5.2!Norad’s!2009!evaluation!of!support!to!protection!of!cultural!heritage!..........!82!4.5.3!The!2011!midJterm!assessment!of!NWHF!...................................................................!83!5!Conclusions!and!recommendations!.................................................................................................!85!5.1.1!Main!conclusions!.....................................................................................................................!85!5.1.2!Additional!conclusions!.........................................................................................................!86!5.2!Recommendations!..........................................................................................................................!88!Document!list!....................................................................................................................................................!91!Appendix!I!–!Interwieved!organisations!...............................................................................................!98!Appendix!II!J!Questionnaire!........................................................................................................................!99!Appendix!III!J!The!UNESCO!MediumJTerm!Strategy!2008J2013!.............................................!102!Appendix!IV!!J!Secretariat!staff!and!main!responsibilities!in!the!period!2008J2013!......!104!Appendix!V!!J!Main!projects!and!activities!in!relation!to!Strategic!Objectives!...................!105!Appendix!VI!!J!Activities!of!NWHF!and!correspondence!with!the!Agreement!....................!107!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!8!Executive)summary!Background+The! Nordic! World! Heritage! Foundation! (NWHF)! is! a! Category! 2! (C2)!Centre!associated!with!UNESCO!through! formal! arrangements! approved! by! the! General! Conference.!As! a!C2!Centre!NWHF! is!committed! to! engage! in! support! of! UNESCO's! strategic! programme!objectives,!in! this! case! support! for! the! implementation! of! the! World! Heritage!Convention.!!NWHF! was! established! by! the! Norwegian! Government! (the! Government)! as! a!permanent!independent!foundation!of!the!Norwegian!Ministry!of!Environment!(MoE)!in!March!2002,!and!the!status!as!a!Category!2!Centre!was!granted!in!2003.!The!activities!of!NWHF!are!based! on! an! agreement! (the! Agreement)! between! UNESCO,! signed! by! the!DirectorJGeneral,! and! the! Norwegian! Government,! signed! by!the!Minister!of!Environment.!As! contractual! partner! MoE! is! responsible! for! ensuring! that! the!foundations! professional! and! administrative! efforts! are!in! accordance! with! the!Governments! contractual! obligations.!The! present! agreement! is! signed! for! the! period!2008J2014! and! based! on! a! framework! adopted! by! UNESCO´s! General! Conference! in!2005.!The!Norwegian!Government! is! obliged! to! provide! the! foundation! with! all! necessary!funding! for! the! administration! and! proper! functioning! of! NWHF,! and! the! Government!has!undertaken!to!contribute!to!NWHF!a!total!amount!of!minimum!NOK!3.5!mill!a!year.!!The+Agreement+According!to!the!Agreement!the!overarching!objectives/functions!of!NWHF!is!to:!• Contribute! to! the! mediumJterm! strategies! of! UNESCO! in! the! implementation! of!the! Convention,! taking! into! account! the! linkages! to! other! relevant! standardJsetting!instruments!such!as!the!Convention!for!the!Safeguarding!of!the!Intangible!Cultural! Heritage,! the! Convention! of! the! Protection! and! the! Promotion! of! the!Diversity! of! Cultural! Expressions,! the! Convention! on! Biological! Diversity! and! the!United! Nations! Framework! Convention! for! Climate!Change,! enhancing! the!linkages!between!the!protection!of!World!Heritage,!capacityJbuilding!and!sharing!of!knowledge.!!!• Support!the!Secretariat!of!the!Convention!in!its!work!related!to!the!Convention.!In! order! to! fulfil! these! functions,! the! foundation! shall!focus! its! activities! with! the!objective!to:!!1. Act!as!a!focal!point!bringing!Nordic!countries!together!in!their!collective!attempt!to!fulfill!the!requirements!of!the!Convention!and!its!implementation.!!!!2. Support! the! Secretariat! of! the! Convention! by!facilitating! technical! expertise,!disseminating! information! and! contributing! to! innovative! projects,! all! in! support!of!the!Convention!and!the!World!Heritage!Committee’s!Global!Strategy.!!!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!9!3. Mobilize! funds! from! bilateral! and! multilateral! sources! and! private!sources! in! a!coordinated!and!transparent!way!and!facilitate!assistance!for!natural!and!cultural!World! Heritage! conservation! efforts! in! developing! countries! in! support! of! the!Convention.!!The! foundation!has! a! Nordic! focus,!and!shall! contribute!to!identify! important! common!Nordic!challenges!or!obstacles!related!to!fulfilling!the!obligations!of!the!Convention,!and!contribute! in! developing! solutions! to! these! obstacles! and! challenges.! The! foundation!must! have! a! good! overview! of! existing! expertise! in! Norway! and! the! Nordic! countries!related!to!the!Convention!and!be!able!to!connect!the!expertise!to!requests!from!UNESCO.!!The! foundation! should! also! help! strengthen! innovative! projects! in! such! academic!environments! and! institutions,! and! make! sure! that! UNESCO! is! provided! with! the!academic!results.!!The! Nordic! dimension!is!also!manifested! in! the!governing! board! with! representatives!from!the!Nordic!Countries!and!UNESCO.!MoE!is!only!an!observer!in!the!governing!board;!following!Norwegian! law!for! foundations! which! prohibites! the!founder!a! seat!on! the!board.!The! possibilities! MoE! has! to! steer! the! foundation! are! primarily! through! the!annual!assignment!letters,!and!secondly!through!appointments!to!the!board.!Objectives+for+the+evaluation+The! Agreement! states! that! UNESCO! shall! carry! out! an! external! evaluation! of! NWHF’s!activities,! and! that! the! Government! can! carry! out! its! own! evaluation.! MoE! and! UNESCO!have! initiated! this! evaluation! in! cooperation,! to! serve! as! an!evaluation! in! accordance!with! the! Agreement! and! to! provide! insights! into! the! outputs! and! impacts! of! the! use! of!Norwegian!funds.!The!objective!of!the!evaluation!is!to!!1. Assess$to$what$extent$NWHF$is$attaining$the$Contractual$functions$and$objectives$as$defined$in$Article$7$of$the$Agreement.!!!2. Assess$ the$ relevance,$ efficiency$ and$ effectiveness$ of$ the$ present$ grant$ to$ the$ NWHF$and$the$organizational$and$management$ability$of$NWHF.!!!!3. Serve$as$an$evaluation$that$should$be$used$at$a$base$for$decisions$on$the$agreement$between$UNESCO$and$the$Government$of$Norway$and$future$direction$of$the$grant.!Analysis+and+conclusions+Attainment$of$Contractual$functions$In! an! overall! sense! NWHF! is! carrying! out! the! contractual! functions! and! objectives;! the!foundation! does! assist! UNESCO! in! implementation! of! the! WH!Convention.! The!foundation!does!not,!however,!fully!live!up!to!the!more!detailed!objectives!and!functions!mentioned!in!the!Agreement.!In!particular,!NWHF!has!in!the!period!not!really!acted!as!a!“Nordic! focal! point”,! although! it! has! carried! out! activities,!mainly! related! to! capacity!building,!on!a!Nordic!level.!NWHF!provides!support!to!the!secretariat!of!the!Convention!mainly!by!providing!their!own!expertise,!rather!than!through!facilitating!involvement!of!Nordic! expert! milieus.! NWHF! have! not! been! able! to! mobilize! funds! from! various!bilateral,! multilateral,! or! private!sources! to! WH! work! in! developing! countries,! but! have!been!able!to!secure!funding!for!such!work!mainly!from!the!Norwegian!MFA.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!10!Relevance:$Does$NWHF’s$work$meet$the$needs$of$its$stakeholders?$NWHF’s!objectives!as!they!are!described!in!the!mandate,!are!consistent!with!the!policies!and!priorities!of!its!main!stakeholders;!UNESCO!and!the!Norwegian!Government.!!NWHF! has! a! broad! mandate,! which! gives! room! for! different! interpretations.! NWHFs!interpretation! of! the! objective! and! functions! in! the! Agreement! is! operationalized! in! the!current!strategy!(the!Alternative!Strategy!2010J2014).!There!is!consistency!between!the!Alternative! Strategy! and! the! Agreement! in! so! far! as! the! Alternative! Strategy! objectives!clearly!contributes!to!mediumJterm!strategies!of!UNESCO!and!represents!support!to!the!WH!Centre.!There!is,!however,!a!discrepancy!between!the!way!the!agreement!stipulates!that! NWHF! shall! work! and! the! way! of! work! represented! by! the! Alternative! Strategy.!While!the!Agreement!in!point!1!stipulates!that!NWHF!shall!facilitate!that!Nordic!experts!support! the! WHC,! the! Alternative! Strategy! puts! NWHF! itself! in! the! role! of! working! with!WHC! and! international! partners.! The! Agreement’s! point! 3! about! fundraising! from!bilateral,! multilateral! and! private! sources! is! to! a! very! limited! extent! met! by! the!Alternative! Strategy.! The! Alternative! Strategy! appears! to! prioritize! the! Agreement’s!point! 2! about! providing! support! to! WHC,! at! the! expense! of! point! 1! about! acting! as! a!Nordic! focal! point! and! point! 3! about! fundraising.! There! is! thus! not! full! consistency!between!the!NWHF’s!Strategy!for!2010J2014!and!the!Agreement.!!There! is! consistency! between! NWHF’s! biennial! work! plans! and! the! strategy,! showing!that!the!strategy!functions!as!a!guiding!document!for!the!dayJtoJday!work.!Since! it! focuses! on! WHJrelated! work,! NWHF’s! strategy! and! activities! are! generally!speaking! relevant! for! its! stakeholders;! the! Norwegian! Government,! UNESCO,! other!Nordic! governments,! nonJgovernmental! Nordic! milieus! working! on! WH! issues,! and!international! partners! such! as! the! UNESCO! advisory! bodies! as! well! as! other! C2!Centres.!NWHF’s! strategy! and! activities! are,! however,! to! a! limited! degree! relevant! for! the!Norwegian!MoE!and!Nordic!expert!milueus,!as!the!foundation!does!not!fill!out!the!role!as!Nordic!focal!point!facilitating!engagement!of!Nordic!milieus!in!international!WHJwork.!The! degree! of! satisfaction! with! NWHF’s! work! varies! between! stakeholders.! The! WHC! is!very! satisfied! with! the! foundation’s! work,! as! are! the! other! Nordic! governments!(Denmark,! Finland,! Iceland,! Sweden),! and!the! African! World! Heritage! Fund! (AWHF)!J!the!C2!Centre!NWHF!has!worked!the!most!with.!Donors,!such!as!the!Norwegian!MFA!and!the! Swiss! Government,! and! international! partners! (UNESCO’s! advisory! bodies)! also!express! satisfaction! with! NWHF’s! work.! The! MoE! Department! for! Cultural! Heritage!Management,! which! manages! the! relation! with! the! foundation! on! behalf! of! the!Norwegian!government,!report!mixed!feelings!about!NWHF’s!work.!While!the!quality!of!the! work! the! foundation! carries! out! is! recognized! as! high,! the! department! believes! the!foundation! does! not! work! properly! within! its! mandate! and! finds! it! difficult! to! pinpoint!the! precise! added! value! of! NWHF’s! activities.! In! the! opinion! of! MoE,! the! foundation!should! to! a! larger! extent! serve! as! a! Nordic! focal! point! and! facilitate! engagement! of!Nordic! milieus! working! on! WH! issues! in! work! related! to! the! Convention.! Other! units! of!the! MoE,! which! have! been! working! with! the! foundation! on! specific! projects,! express! a!higher! degree! of! satisfaction.!Representatives! for!Nordic! WH! Site! managers! are!generally!satisfied!with!the!contact!with!and!assistant!they!get!from!NWHF,!but!it!is!first!in! the! latest! year! that! this! contact! has! been! more! regular.! Other! Nordic! mileus! working!with! WH,! such! as! experts! in! academia,! has! had! limited,! if! any! contact,! with! NWHF,! and!generally!find!them!less!relevant.!!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!11!NWHF’s! institutional! setJup! as! an! independent! nonJprofit! foundation! is! consistent! with!the! Agreement.! However,! there! is! a! mismatch! between! Norwegian! law! and! the! present!UNESCO! requirements! for! C2!Centres.! Norwegian! law! secures! full! independence! of! a!foundation! from! its! founder,! with! the! effect! that! the! founder! (here! MoE)! cannot! be! a!member! of! the! board.! Current! UNESCO! requirements! for! C2!Centres,! however,!require!that!the!government!in!the!country!hosting!a!C2!Centre!is!represented!in!the!board.!!The!weakness! in! the! present! institutional! setJup! is! that! MoE! do! not! have! the! same! steering!control!over!dayJtoJday!activities!as!the!other!part!(UNESCO)!of!the!Agreement.!Effectiveness:$To$what$degree$does$NHWF$achieve$its$goals?$We!consider!NWHF’s!overall!achievements!in!the!period!to!be:!A. New! WH! sites,! where! NWHF! has! contributed! to! the! nomination! process! through!technical! support,! facilitating! assistance! and! fundraising! from! bilateral! sources.!!B. Adopted! policies,! strategies! and! periodic! reporting! at! WHC,!where! NWHF! has!contributed!to!their!development!and!final!form.!!!C. A!higher!knowledgeJlevel!related!to!Periodic!Reporting,!Sustainable!Tourism!and!C2!Best!Practise!among!WH!stakeholders!(in!the!NordicJBaltic!region!and!among!C2! Institutes! and!Centres),! where! NWHF! has! contributed! with! lectures,! training!and!facilitation!of!processes,!networking!and!fundraising!from!bilateral!sources.!The! achievements! are! in! correspondence! with! the! Agreement! in! so! far! as! they!contribute! to! the! mediumJterm! strategies! of! UNESCO!and! support! the! WHC.! The!achievements!to!a!limited!degree!meet!the!Agreement’s!points!that!the!foundation!shall!“act!as!a!Nordic!focal!point!bringing!Nordic!countries!together!in!their!collective!attempt!to! fulfill! the! requirements! of! the!Convention!and! its! implementation”,! nor! that! the!foundation!shall!fundraise!from!bilateral,!multilateral!and!private!sources.!!!With! regards! to! achievement! of!Strategic! Approaches!of! the!strategy! for! the! period!2010J2014,! NWHF! has! clearly! contributed! to! strengthen! the! application! of! the! Periodic!Reporting! Tool! (goal! 2)! and! implementation! of! UNESCO’s! strategy! for! C2! Centres! (goal!3)! through! a! series! of! activities.! With! regards! to! promoting! sustainable! development!through!tourism!(goal!1),!the!foundation!has!also!carried!a!number!of!relevant!activities.!The! tourism!programme!is! supposed! to! effect! changes! at! site! level! (ref.! strategy!indicators),!but!this!is!so!far!not!documented.!With! regards! to! achievement! of! strategic! approaches! for! the! period! 2010J2014,! the!foundation! has! clearly! provided! support! to! NordicJBaltic! states! within! their! field! of!competence! (approach! 1).! With! regards! to! coordinating! activities! with! other!Conventions! and! NGOs! (approach! 2),! documented! by! MoUs/LoIs! and! joint! projects,! the!foundation! has! not! succeeded! in! the! period.! With! regards! to! development! of! publicJprivate! partnerships,! documented! by! MoUs/LoIs! and! joint! projects,! the! foundation! has!not!succeeded!in!the!period.!The! current!Result! Based! Management! (RBM)!system! of! NWHF! is! not! precise! enough!when! describing! objectives! and! indicators,! and! indicators! are! not! monitored! and!reported! on! a! regular! basis.!Several! of! the! goals,! both! in! the! Alternative! Strategy! and! in!the! RBM! system! are! very!ambitious,! and! in! many! respects! difficult! to! measure.! In!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!12!addition! the!possible! impact! NWHF! can! have! on! such! a! development! is! probably! small,!as!it!is!highly!dependent!on!several!other!actors.!NWHFs!role!in!possible!achievement!is!not! always! clear.! Not! all! results! and! indicators! used! in! RBM!satisfy!the!SMART!criteria!(Specific,! Measurable,! Attainable,! Relevant,! TimeJbound)! and!are!therefore! difficult! to!measure.!The! current! RMB! framework! and! its! application! is! thus! not! fully! adequate! to!assess!effectiveness.!!Based! on! available! documentation! and! interviews,! we! have! identified!the! following!major! factors! behind! NWHF’s! successful! achievement! of! goals:! inJdepth! knowledge! and!understanding! of! UNESCO,! extensive! network! and! high! standing! within! the! UNESCO!system,! competent! staff! with! strong! networking! skills,! sophisticated! understanding! of!Norwegian!development!policy!and!the!priorities!of!Norwegian!MFA.!Accordingly,! we! have! identified! the! following! major! factors! behind! NWHF’s! lack! of!achievement! of! certain! goals:! Very! limited! financial! and! human! resources! given! the!mandate! of! the! foundation,! lack! of! experience! and! network! to! be! a! Nordic! focal! point,!lack!of!fundraising!skills!combined!with!a!challenging!fundraising!environment!provided!by!the!financial!crisis,!and!a!too!ambitious!work!scope.!Efficiency:$Does$NWHF$provide$services$in$an$efficient$manner?$The! foundation! secretariat! has! consisted! of! 3J4! persons! in! the! period.! It! is! small,! given!the! broad! mandate! of! the! foundation.! The! director! to! a! high! degree! delegates!responsibility!for!dayJto!day!work!on!the!different!priority!topics!to!the!two!advisors,!an!approach! that! is! reported! to! work! well! by! internal! and! external! parties.! The! general!feedback!from!stakeholders!is!that!the!secretariat!is!professional!and!effective,!given!the!resources! available.! Foundation! staff! is! generally! perceived! as! being! practical! and!constructive! in! their! approach.! Other! expressions! being! used! are! “focused”,!“professional”,!“credible”,!“pragmatic”!and!“pleasant”.!!As! a! small! organisation,! the! foundation! has! short! communication! lines,! both! in! the!secretariat! and! between! the! board! and! the! secretariat.! This! saves! time! for! internal!management! systems! that! would! be! necessary! in! a! larger! organisation! and! makes! the!foundation! very! flexible.! Several! stakeholders! appreciate! this.! We! have! seen! examples,!however,! of! poor! project! management! routines! (lack! of! documentation! and! filing)! that!may!reflect!an!informal!working!culture!and!a!lack!of!proper!systems!characteristic!of!a!small!organization.!This!may!at!times!lead!to!extra!work!and!low!effectiveness.!Limited! resources! make! it! important! for! the! foundation! to! focus! it! work,! and! the!Alternative! Strategy! represents! an! explicit! attempt! to! do! this.! Resource! limitations! and!prioritization! have! resulted! in! NWHF! not! being! able! to! fully! deliver! services! related! to!acting! as! a! Nordic! focal! point! and! fundraising! in! the! period.! Moreover,! interviewees!report! that! a! fundamental! disagreement! between! MoE! and!NWHF’s! Board! of! Directors!about! the! foundation’s!role! and! priorities,! in! periods! drain! resources! and! thus! hamper!NWHF’s!effectiveness.!!WHC! is! monitoring! its! transaction! costs! related! to! upholding! contact! with! C2!Centres.!WHC! has! no! direct! costs! related! to! its! cooperation! with! NWHF,! as! these! are! covered!by!the! foundation.! Interviews! reveal! that! NWHF! is! by! WHC! staff! generally! considered! as!one!of!the!most!effective!C2s!and!that!transaction!costs!(mainly!in!the!form!of!time)!are!considered! justified! compared! with! the! value! gained.! Representatives! of! other!Nordic!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!13!governments! that! are! represented! in! the! board,! also! report! that! they! consider! the! time!spent!(4J15!working!days!per!year)!justified!compared!with!the!value!gained.!!Several!stakeholders! point! out! that! with! a! small! and! nimble! organization! like! NWHF,!one! achieves! much! more! with! NOK! 4J5!million! per! year! than! one! would! if! those! funds!were!to!be!given!directly!to!the!UNESCO!system.!On!the!other!hand,!the!funds!currently!being! provided! by! the! Norwegian! government! to! the! foundation! could! alternatively! be!given!to!the!directorates!working!with!WH!(the!Directorate!for!Cultural!Heritage!and!the!Environmental! Agency)!for! staff! and! projects! related! to! implementation! of! the! WH!Convention!in! the! Nordic! region! and! developing! countries.! This! would!probably!allow!for!more! synergies! with! MoE’s! ongoing! international! work! related! to! WH! and! with!Nordic!WH!milieus!through!MoE’s!Nordic!network.!It!would!also!be!costJeffective!as!one!could! draw! on! the! department’s! existing! managerial! systems.! The! Directorate! would,!however,! be! a! more! bureaucratic! organization! with! certain! limitations! provided! by! the!rules! and! regulations! for! public! institutions.! Such! an! alternative! would! possibly! enable!more! efficient! service! delivery! related! to! acting! as! a! Nordic! focal! point! and! even!developing! international! projects,! but! possibly! less! effective! service! delivery! related! to!supporting! WHC.! In! principle,! a! foundation! should! also! be! in! a! better! position! to!fundraise!from!public!and!private!sources.!!!Another!issue!related!to!efficiency!is!the!way!the!foundation!works.!Several!stakeholders!are! questioning! the! rationale! behind! the! foundation! building! up! its! own! competence! to!provide! support! and! capacity! building! in! key! areas! (sustainable! tourism! and! periodic!reporting).! As! a! small! secretariat,! the! services! the! foundation! is! able! to! provide! will! be!quite!limited.!Several!stakeholders!point!out!that!the!foundation!would!be!able!to!trigger!change! on! a! larger! scale! if! it! rather! took! a! role! of! facilitating! development! of! relevant!expertise!in!existing!WH!milieus!and!providing!platforms!for!capacity!building.!!!!Impact:$What$is$the$effect$of$NWHF’s$work?$We! have! identified! the! main! outcomes! of! NWHF’s! work! in! the! period! as! new! WH! sites,!policies,!strategies!and!periodic!reporting!at!WHC,!and!a!higher!knowledgeJlevel!among!WH!stakeholders!on!Periodic!Reporting,!Sustainable!Tourism!and!C2!best!practise.!What!is!the!impact!of!these!outcomes?!As!noted!earlier,!these!results!do!not!fully!comply!with!NWHF’s! mandate,! where! there! is! a! focus! on! being! a! Nordic! Focal! point,! facilitating! the!use! of! Nordix! expertise! in! WHJwork! internationally,! and! fundraising!from! a! variety! of!sources!including!private.!!NWHF! has! contributed! to! the! Kenya! Lake! System! becoming! a! WH! site! in! 2011.!This!impact!can!be!attributed!to!NWHF!primarily!by!the!fact!that!NWHF!raised!the!money!for!developing!the!dossier.!!NWHF! has! contributed! to! policies! and! strategies,! such! as! the! sustainable! tourism!program,! that! have! the! potential! to! influence! national! or! siteJspecific! strategies! and!actions! that! are! based! on! these.! The! foundation! has! also! contributed! to! periodic!reporting,! which! lead! to! regional! and! national! action! plans! and! helps! prioritise!assistance.! The! precise! impact! of! this! is! difficult! to! measure,!and! effects! of! work! carried!out! in! the! period! will! only! be! seen! over! time.! NWHF! is! currently! engaged! in! a! project!with! AWHF! on! regional! implementation! of! the! recommendations! from! the! periodic!reporting! in! Africa.! This! is! an! example! of! NWHF’s! work! leading! to! capacity! building,!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!14!research! and! implementation!of! pilot! projects! for! sustainable! development! of! WH! sites!in!the!timeframe!2012J2015.!It! is! difficult! to! measure! the! impact! of! the! capacity! building! activities! of! NWHF.!Interview! data! backed! up! by! reports! on! activities! indicate! that! for! instance! NWHF’s!activities! have! had! an!impact!on! the! Periodic! Reporting! in! the! NordicJBaltic! region! and!made! it! more! effective! and! precise.! It! also! seems! clear! that! NWHF’s! extensive!engagement! with! AWHF! has! contributed! significantly! to! bringing! this! institution! from!infancy!(it!was!launched!in!2006)!to!the!current!level!where!it!leads!multimillionJdollar!WH! projects.! In! areas! and! towards! stakeholders! (such! as! the! eight! WH! C2!Centres)!where! NWHF! less! consistently! and! over! shorter! time! periods! have! provided! lectures! or!training,!it!is!difficult!to!find!clear!documentation!of!NWHF’s!activities!having!impact.!Sustainability:$Will$outcomes$and$NWHF$itself$survive$over$time?$New! WH! sites! will! likely! survive! over! time,! as! the! formal! recognition! of! such! an! area’s!value!leads!to!raised!awareness!of!the!values!and!also!to!investments.!The!new!WH!sites!are! not! dependent! on! any! further! activity! from! the! side! of! NWHF! to! be! upheld.!The!contribution! to! development! of! strategies! and! policies! at! WHC! will! have! sustainable!results!to!the!extent!that!WHC,!States!Parties!and!individual!sites!implement!them.!!With!regards! to! capacity! building,! the! impact! at! AWHF! is! a! fruit! of! longJterm!engagement! through! which! AWHF! has! matured! considerable! as! an! organisation.! This!impact! appears! to! be! sustainable! and! not! dependent! on! any! further! NWHF! activity.! The!sustainability! of! the! other! capacityJbuilding! activities! is! uncertain.! In! many! cases,!isolated!lectures!and!trainings!will!have!an!impact!but!general!experience!with!capacity!building! indicates! that! very! often! the! impact! is! low! and! not! sustainable! unless! the!trainee!is!engaged!over!time!and!receives!concrete!tools!or!followJup!tasks!to!implement!in! his/hers! everyJday! work! situation.! It! seems! NWHF! is! engaged! in! quite! a! number! of!lecturing! and! training! events! where! the! precise! impact! and! sustainability! of! NWHF’s!contribution!is!low.!!The!Periodic!Reporting!training!likely!has!a!real!impact,!at!least!in!the!short!term,!as!the!trainees! afterwards! will! apply! the! knowledge! they! receive! at! their! work! place! when!conducting!the!Periodic!Reporting!exercise.!The!sustainability!of!the!training!is!brought!into! question,! however,! by! the! fact! that! interviewees! report! that! the! turnover! at! the!responsible!ministries!and!the!time!(6!years)!between!each!Periodic!Reporting!exercise!leads! to! a! lack! of! institutional! memory.! In! order! to! ensure! sustainability! of! the! Periodic!Reporting!training,! it! will! thus! be! important! to! find! ways! for! receiving! institutions! to!contain! the! knowledge/skills! provided! over! time! and! without! being! dependent! on!NWHF.! NWHF!acknowledges! the! need! to!train! trainers,! but!has! so! far!not!developed!standJalone! tools! or! platforms! making! it! possible! for! stakeholders! to! extract! the!information! or! skills! NWHF! typically! provides! without! resorting! to! NWHF! itself.! This!might!compromise!the!sustainability!of!the!training!efforts.!!Recommendations++The!evaluation!reveals!that,! while! the! quality! of! the! work! the! foundation! carries! out! is!recognized!as!high!and!useful!for!many!stakeholders,!there!are!room!for!improvements,!especially! in! order! to! secure! a! better! alignment! between! the! mandate! and! actual!activities.!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!15!In! order! to! improve! the! function! of! NWHF,! and! to! ensure! a! better! consistency! between!the! mandate! and! the! actual! activities!the! evaluation! points! to! the! following!recommendations:!Increase$ cooperation$ with$ Nordic$ experts,$ both$ in$ academia$ and$ elsewhere,$ in$ order$ to$facilitate$the$dissemination$of$their$competence$in$the$UNESCO$system$$NWHF! could! achieve! more! if! they! to! a! less! extent! involved! their! own! staff! directly! in!projects! and! processes,! and! to! a! larger! extent! facilitated! engagement! of! experts! from!external! Nordic! milieus.!Establishment! of! a! network! of! Nordic! experts! on! WH! issues!would! help! make! NWHF! a! Nordic! focal! point,! and! enhance! the! attainment! of! the!objectives! in! the! Agreement.! Continued! work! on! Periodic! Reporting! within! the! NordicJBaltic!region!could!provide!a!useful!platform!for!this.!!Develop$the$professional$profile$of$the$secretariat$In! order! to! be! able! to! act! as! a! Nordic! focal! point! effectively,! NWHF! should!ideally!have!staff! with!working! experience! from! or! with! Nordic! organizations! and! institutions!working! on! WHJissues,! as! well! as! strong! professional! networks! among! such!organizations.! Moreover,! as! fundraising! is! a! central! role! in! the! mandate! and! crucial! to!ensure! the! financial! sustainability! of! the! organization,! proven! fundraising! competence!involving!public!and!private!donors!should!be!included!in!the!secretariat.!!Increase$the$Nordic$dimension$The!Nordic!dimension!can!be!strenghtened!by!including!other!Nordic!nationalities!in!the!staff,! on! a! permanent! or! interim! basis,! where! the! latter! can! take! form! as! an! internship!for! Nordic! students! in! appropriate! disciplines.! This! can! make! the! foundation! more!visible!among!Nordic!stakeholders!and!increase!its!relevance.!The!foundation!could!also!be! responsible! for! organizing! an! annual! conference! of! Nordic! experts! dealing! with!natural! and! cultural! heritage,! in! order! to! bring! together! Nordic! experts! and! relevant!stakeholders!from!the!WHC!community!and!elsewhere.!Expand$the$funding$base$In!order!to!provide!an!incentive!to!both!the!Secretariat!and!other!potential!funders,!MoE!should! consider! providing! matching! funds! for! certain! types! of! donors,! e.g.,! the! private!sector!and!foundations.!Ensure$a$common$understanding$between$the$parties$of$the$Agreement$The! present! formulations! in! the! Agreement! leave! room! for! interpretation! of! the!activities! NWHF! should! pursue.! It! is! important! that! the! agreement! parties! have! a! clear!and! common! understanding! of! what! they! expect! from! NWHF,! and! that! a! possible! new!Agreement!reflects!this!clearly.!Strenghten$the$dialogue$between$MoE$and$NWHF$$In!order!to!improve!effectiveness!and!ensure!synergies!and!the!longJterm!sustainability!of! the! foundation,! there! is! a! need! for! an! improved! dialogue! between!the! management!level! of!MoE! and! NWHF’s! Board! of! Directors..! Better! cooperation! and! a! common!understanding!of!the!role!of!NWHF!must!be!ensured!between!NWHF!and!MoE.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!16!Increase$the$ visibility$ of$ the$ foundation,$ both$ targeting$ the$ general$ public$ and$ Nordic$experts$External! marketing! and! profiling! ought! to! be! strengthened! with! regards! to! the! general!public,!the!World!Heritage!sites!and!relevant!Nordic!experts.!The!two!first!target!groups!are! being! addressed! in! the! still! unJimplemented,! communication! plan.! Nordic! experts!should!either!be!included!in!this!plan!or!addressed!in!a!separate!strategy!(e.g.,!included!as! a! part! of! the! strategy! to! work! as! a! focal! point,! strengthen! the! Nordic!dimension! and!establish!a!network!of!these!experts).!Develop$material$showing$relevance$and$inviting$cooperation$NWHF! could! for! instance! produce! some! short,! easily! understandable! printed!information! (promotion)! aimed! at! all! persons! involved! in! the! work! related! to! Nordic!World! Heritage,! and! distribute! it! to! all! relevant! parties! (e.g.,! at! Nordic! conferences,!meetings,! to! new! WH! sites! etc.).! Important! questions! to! be! answered! could! include:!JWhat!is!NWHF?!JWhat!is!the!aim!of!NWHF?!!J!What!can!I!use!NWHF!for/!how!can!NWHF!support!me!or!my!site?!!Improve$the$present$RBMRsystem$The! RBM! system! needs! to! focus! on! using! indicators! that! are! measurable! and! that! to! a!greater! extent!are! linked! both! to! distinct! activities! at! NWHF! and! their! (direct)! outputs,!and! not! so! much! to! outcomes! that! are! dependent! upon! the! action! of! other! actors.!Implementing!monitoring!and!evaluation!routines!is!also!crucial.!A$thorough$analysis$of$different$organisational$setRups$!If! the! Agreement! parties! decide! to! enter! in! to! a! new! Agreement! when! the! present! ends!in! 2014! it! is! necessary! to! make! a! thorough! analysis! of! the! pro! and! cons! of! different!organisational! setJups! for! the! organisation.! It! is! important! that! both! parties! have! equal!steering!control!of!the!foundation.!+!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!17!1 Introduction+1.1 Background+The! Nordic! World! Heritage! Foundation! (NWHF)! is! a!Category! 2!(C2)!Centre!under! the!auspices! of! UNESCO.!Category! 2!Centres! are! not! legally! part! of! UNESCO,! but! are!associated! with! it! through! formal! arrangements! approved! by! the! General! Conference.!The!Centres! are! committed! to! engage! in! support! of! UNESCO's! strategic! programme!objectives! (in! this! case! support! for! the! implementation! of! the! World! Heritage!Convention).! They! are!governed! by! an! agreement! between! UNESCO! and! the! Member!State!where! they! are! located,!and! the! Member! State! is! obliged! to! fund! the! centre.! Their!scope! goes! beyond! the! boundaries! of! their! country,! some! with! a! regional! scope! while!others!cover!more!than!one!region!or!are!organized!around!a!thematic!issue.!!NWHF! was! established! by! the! Norwegian! Government!(the! Government)!as! a!permanent!independent!foundation!of!the!Norwegian!Ministry!of!Environment!(MoE)!in!March!2002,!and!the!status!as!a!Category!2!Centre!was!granted!in!2003.!The!activities!of!NWHF! as! a!Category! 2!Centre!is! based! on! an! agreement!(the! Agreement)!between!UNESCO,!signed!by!the!DirectorJGeneral,!and!the!Norwegian!Government,!signed!by!the!Minister!of!Environment.!The!present!agreement!is!signed!for!the!period!2008J2014!and!based!on!a!framework!adopted!by!UNESCO´s!General!Conference!in!2005.!MoE!is!the!contractual!partner!with!UNESCO!on!behalf!of!the!Norwegian!Government.!As!contractual! partner! MoE! is! responsible! for! ensuring! that! the! foundations! professional!and! administrative! efforts! are! in! accordance! with! the! Governments! contractual!obligations.!!The! Government! is! obliged! to! provide! the! foundation! with! all! necessary! funding!for! the!administration! and! proper! functioning! of! NWHF,! and! the! Government! undertakes! to!contribute! to! NWHF! a! total! amount! of! minimum! NOK! 3.5! mill! a! year! (article! 12! of! the!Agreement).!!NWHF! is! a!nonJprofit!foundation! supporting! the! implementation! of! UNESCOs! World!Heritage!Convention.! NWHF! has! a! governing! board! with! representatives! from! the!Nordic! Countries! and! UNESCO.! Being! the!founder,! MoE! is! only! an! observer! in! the!governing!board!and!has!no!right!to!change!the!statutes!–!according!to!Norwegian!law.!NWHF!shall!contribute!to!the!mediumJterm!strategies!of!UNESCO!in!the!implementation!of! the! World! Heritage!Convention,! taking! into! account! the! linkages! to! other! relevant!standardJsetting! instruments,! and! it! shall! support! the! Secretariat! of! the!Convention!in!its!work.!The!Agreement!also!stipulates!how!NWHF!shall!go!about!doing!this!(article!7.2!of!the!Agreement).!1.2 Objectives+for+the+evaluation+According! to! the! terms! of! reference! (ToR)! the! evaluation! shall! serve! several! purposes.!The!Agreement! states! that! UNESCO! shall! carry! out! an! external! evaluation! of! NWHF’s!activities! (Article! 15),! and! that! the! Government! can! carry! out! its! own! evaluation.!However,!MoE!and!UNESCO!have!initiated!this!evaluation!in!cooperation,!to!serve!as!an!evaluation! in! accordance! with! the! Agreement! (Article! 15).! The! results! from! the!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!18!evaluation! shall! be! used! as! a! basis! for! a! decision! by! UNESCO’s! executive! board! and! the!Government! of! Norway! whether! to! renew! the! agreement! or! not! (Article! 17).! The!evaluation! shall! also! provide! insights! into! the! outputs! and! impacts! of! the! use! of!Norwegian! funds,! as! a! part! of! MoEs! onJgoing! grant! administration! and! Financial!Management.!!The!objective!of!the!evaluation!is!to!!4. Assess$to$what$extent$NWHF$is$attaining$the$Contractual$functions$and$objectives$as$defined$ in$Article$ 7$ of$ the$ Agreement.!This! includes! how! the! agreement! is! being!understood! by! different! stakeholders! and! to! what! degree! strategic! documents!and! activities! reflects! the! obligations.! The! assessment! should! also! include!major!outcomes!and!results!achieved!by!NWHF,!and!if!these!are!in!accordance!with!the!contractual! obligations! and!expectations,! and! major! external! and! internal!elements!that!influence!the!achievement.!!!!5. Assess$ the$ relevance,$ efficiency$ and$ effectiveness$ of$ the$ present$ grant$ to$ the$ NWHF$and$the$ organizational$ and$ management$ ability$ of$ NWHF.!Are!objectives! and!organization! consistent! with! the! priorities! and! policies! of! MoE,! principles! for!Norwegian!development!cooperation!and!the!strategic!goals!of!UNESCO?!Are!the!results! in! accordance! with! resource! use,! or! could! they! have! been! achieved! using!fewer! resources! and/or! delivery! mechanisms?! Could! they! have! been! better! used!on! other! activities?! When! it! comes! to! effects! from! NWHF! activities! the!assessment! should! include! possible! long! terms! effect! and!whether! these! effects!can! be! attributed! to! NWHF.! The! assessment! should! also! include! NWHFs! internal!systems!and!routines!for!management!and!control,!e.g.!financial!management!and!Result! Based! Management! systems.! In! order! to! assess! these! questions! a! broad!range!of!stakeholders!will!be!addresses.!!!!6. Serve$as$an$evaluation$that$should$be$used$at$a$base$for$decisions$on$the$agreement$between$UNESCO$and$the$Government$of$Norway$and$future$direction$of$the$grant.!This!part! of! the! evaluation! will! point! at! lessons! learned! and! give! operational!recommendations! for! the! arrangements! of! Norwegian! support! to! the! World!Heritage!Convention,! based! on! findings! and! conclusions.!This! will! also! include!possible!alternative!models!for!future!arrangements!of!the!grant.!!!In! addition! UNESCO! wants! to! use! this! evaluation,! or! at! least! parts! of! it,! as! a! form! of!template! for! future! evaluations! of! other! C2! institutes! and!Centres. This! is! especially! the!case! for! use! of! RBM.! The! UNESCO! Executive! Board! has! decided! to! mainstream! RBM! in!the!work!of!C2s,!and!as!such!the!evaluation!might!be!of!interest!for!all!C2s!as!an!example!of!how!RBM!can!be!applied!to!their!planning!and!monitoring.!!Scope+The!evaluation!covers!achievements!of!NWHF!to!date!and!those!likely!to!be!achieved!by!the! end! of! the! contractual! duration,! i.e.! end! of! 2014.!This! means!that! the! evaluation!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!19!covers!the!whole!period!for!the!present!agreement,!i.e.!activities!and!results!from!20091!to!2014,!but!with!a!focus!on!onJgoing!activities!and!present!performance.!!In! the! evaluation! we! have! defined! the! main! stakeholders! to! be! the! two! contracting!partners,! i.e.! the! Norwegian! Government! (represented! by! MoE)! and! UNESCO.! Other!stakeholders! include! other! ministries! in! Norway,! in! particular! MFA,! other! Nordic!Governments,!nonJgovernmental!Nordic!milieus!working!on!WH!issues!(such!as!WH!site!managers2,!researchers/experts!and! NGOs),! and! international! partners! in! WH! work!(such! as! AWHF,! WHITRAP,! IUCN,! ICCROM! and! ICOMOS).!World! Heritage! Site! manager!are! not! necessarily! nonJgovernmental,! as! some! are! employed! by! local! or! regional!governments,!whereas!others!have!private!employers!(mostly!in!different!forms!of!nonJprofit! organisations,! like! foundations),! but! for! simplicity! reasons! we! have! grouped! all!site!managers!in!the!nonJgovernmental!group.!1.3 Methods+used+in+the+evaluation+The! evaluation! has! been! carried! out! on! the! basis! of! a!desktop!analysis!of! relevant!documents,!structured! interviews! with!relevant! actors!and! an! electronic! questionnaire!to!a!broader!selection!of!actors.!!Relevant! documents! include! for! instance! several! UNESCO! documents,! yearly! reports!from! NWHF! Board,!other! written!communication! between! MoE! and! NWHF,! and!documents! and! plans! from! NWHF! describing! their! work! and! outcomes.!!All! documents!reviewed!are!listed!in!the!Document!list!at!the!end!of!the!report.!The! structured! interviews,! 32! in! all,!have! been! with!representatives! of! the! Agreement!partners,! of! relevant! authorities! in! the! Nordic! countries,! key! professional! institutions!and! representatives! for! selected! projects,! programmes! and! activities! supported! by!NHWF! (ref.! appendix!I!for! a! list! of!organisations/institutions! included).!The! interviews!were!all!based!on!a!guideline,!but!this!was!adjusted!according!to!the!type!of!stakeholder!being! interviewed.! Questions! covered! in! these! interviews! include! for! instance!understanding! of! NWHF´s! mandate,! whether! the!activities!are! in! line! with! the! mandate,!the! relevance,!effectiveness,! efficiency!and! impact! of! NWHF.! The! interviews! were! also!used!to!get!an!understanding!of!the!history!of!NWHF!and!the!activities!they!are!engaging!in.!In!addition!we!have!approached!a!broader!selection!of!representatives!for!stakeholders!through! an! electronic!questionnaire! (ref.! appendix!II!both!for! the! questionnaire!and!a!summary!and!discussion!of!the!results).!The!questionnaire!was!sent!to!72!stakeholders,!and!we!got!replies!from!31,!of!which!26!answered!the!questionnaire!(the!5!other!replies!were! mainly! that! the! questionnaire! could! not! be! answered! due! to! no!knowledge/cooperation! about! NWHF).! This! gives! us! a! reply! rate! of! 36! per! cent.3!!The!questionnaire! were! designed! to! answer! questions! like! how! much! contact! NWHF! have!with! different! types! of! stakeholders! and!on! what! topics,! how! useful! these! stakeholders!find!this!contact!and!alike.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!The!present!Agreement!went!in!to!force!in!December!2008.!2!!In! Norway! site! managers! are! called! World! Heritage! coordinators,! but! their! role,! at! least! for! the! relevance! of! this!evaluation,!is!similar!to!site!managers.!3!!World!Heritage!organisations!had!the!lowest! reply! rate,! followed! by!Nordic!researchers! and! experts.! The! highest!reply!rate!was!from!site!managers!at!Nordic!World!Heritage!sites.!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!20!Adherence+to+OECD+DAC+Evaluation+Quality+Standards+The! evaluation!has!been! conducted! in!accordance!to! OECD! DAC! Evaluation! Quality!Standards.!As! part! of! conducting! the! evaluation! according! to! DAC! Evaluation! Quality!Standards,! we!have!organized!the! report! according! to! the! DAC! Evaluation! Criteria! of!Relevance,!Effectiveness,!Efficiency,!Impact!and!Sustainability:!!• Relevance:!The! extent! to! which! the! objectives! of! the! foundation! are! consistent!with! beneficiaries’! requirements,! country! needs,! global! priorities! and! partners’!and!donors’!policies.!!!!• Effectiveness:!The! extent! to! which! the! foundations! objectives! were! achieved,! or!are!expected!to!be!achieved,!taking!into!account!their!relative!importance.!!!!• Efficiency:!A! measure! of! how! economically! resources/inputs! (funds,! expertise,!time,!etc.)!are!converted!to!results.!!!• Impact$and$Sustainability:!The!likely!longJterm!results!(impacts)!of!NWHFs!work!and! the! continuation! of! benefits! from! the! foundation! after! major! assistance! has!been!completed,!including!the!probability!of!continued!longJterm!benefits.!!Adherence+to+Norwegian+rules+for+grant+schemes+In! addition! to! the! OECDJDAC! criteria,! the!MoE!in! the! ToR!refers! to! the! Norwegian!regulations! and! provisions! on! financial! management! in! central! government,! and!especially! for! administration! of! grant! schemes.! These! regulations! mostly! concerns! how!the! ministry! should! design! and! manage! grant! schemes,! but! they! also! regulates! how!grant! recipients! should! report! on! the! use! of! funds.! In! the! evaluation! we!have!analysed!the! communication! regarding! the! funding,! including! assignment! letters! and! reports,!between!MoE!and!NWHF.!!!1.4 Readers+Guide+The! report! starts! with! a! description!in! chapter! 2!of! the! framework! under! which! NWHF!operates,!i.e.!UNESCO!and!the!World!Heritage!Centre!(WHC)!and!Norwegian!policies!for!World! Heritage! and! development! aid.! In! this! chapter! we! also! present! NWHF;!the!mandate,!the! organisation,!its!strategy! and! activities,!its!economic! performance! and!its!Results!Based!Management!(RBM)Jsystem.!In! chapter! 3!we! present!three!brief!case! studies!including!a!short!assessment,!with! the!purpose!of!giving!a!more!detailed!description!of!selected!activities.!An!analysis! of! the! organisation! and! running! of! NWHF! is! presented! in! chapter! 4,!structured!according!to!the!DAC!evaluation!criteria!mentioned!above.!The!conclusion!and!recommendations!from!the!analysis!is!presented!in!chapter!5.!In!addition!there!are!six!appendixes,!with!more!details!than!what!could!be!presented!in!the!running!text.!!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!21!2 World&Heritage&and&NWHF+In! this! chapter! we! describe! the! organisational! setting/framework,! i.e.! UNESCO! and!World! Heritage,! C2!Centres! and!Institutes,! the! Norwegian!Governments! work! with!World!Heritage,! in! addition! to!NWHF! with! respect! to! the! agreement,! organisation,!economy!and!activities.!This! chapter! aims! at! giving!an! introduction! to! the! framework! under! which! NWHF! is!operating,! to! describe! how! NWHF! operates,! and! serve! as! a! basis! for! the! analysis! in!chapter!4.!2.1 UNESCO+&+World+Heritage++The!United!Nations!Educational,!Scientific!and!Cultural!Organization!(UNESCO)!“seeks!to!encourage! the! identification,! protection! and! preservation! of! cultural! and! natural!heritage!around!the!world!considered!to!be!of!outstanding!value!to!humanity”.!The!core!instrument! of! UNESCO! in! carrying! out! this! mission! is! the! “Convention!concerning! the!Protection! of! the! World! Cultural! and! Natural! Heritage”! (World! Heritage!Convention),!which!was!adopted!by!UNESCO!in!1972.!!Box!2.1!UNESCO’s!World!Heritage!Mission!According!to!UNESCO’s!website,!its!World!Heritage!Mission!is!to:!• encourage! countries! to! sign! the! World! Heritage!Convention!and! to! ensure! the! protection! of! their!natural!and!cultural!heritage;!• encourage! States! Parties! to! the!Convention!to! nominate! sites! within! their! national! territory! for!inclusion!on!the!World!Heritage!List;!• encourage!States!Parties!to!establish!management!plans!and!set!up!reporting!systems!on!the!state!of!conservation!of!their!World!Heritage!sites;!• help! States! Parties!safeguard! World! Heritage! properties! by! providing! technical! assistance! and!professional!training;!• provide!emergency!assistance!for!World!Heritage!sites!in!immediate!danger;!• support!States!Parties'!public!awarenessJbuilding!activities!for!World!Heritage!conservation;!• encourage! participation! of! the! local! population! in! the! preservation! of! their! cultural! and! natural!heritage;!• encourage! international! cooperation! in! the! conservation! of! our! world's! cultural! and! natural!heritage.!!!The! World! Heritage!Convention!commits! its! signatories,! which! are! States! Parties,! to!identify!potential!sites!and!preserve!them.!It!also!requires!them!to!report!on!the!state!of!conservation! of! sites! inscribed! on! the! World! Heritage! List.! As! of! September! 2012,! 190!States! Parties! had! ratified! the! World! Heritage!Convention,! and! the! World! Heritage! List!contained!981!properties!in!160!States!Parties.!The!highest!decisionJmaking!body!for!matters!regarding!the!World!Heritage!Convention!is! the! General! Assembly! of! States! Parties,! which! meets! every! two! years! during! sessions!of! the! General! Conference! of! UNESCO.! The! General! Assembly! elects! 21! States! Parties! to!serve! as! members! of! the! World! Heritage! Committee,! which! meets! once! per! year! and! is!responsible! for! implementation! of! the! World! Heritage!Convention.! The! World! Heritage!Committee! has! the! final! say! on! whether! a! property! is! inscribed! on! the! World! Heritage!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!22!List,!examines! the! periodic! reports,! evaluates! the! state! of! preservation! of! the! inscribed!sites!and! requests! States! Parties! to! take! action! to! preserve! sites! as! needed.! It! also!decides! on! the! use! of! the! World! Heritage! Fund,! to! which! States! Parties! may! apply! for!assistance.!It!also!decides!whether!to!inscribe!sites!on,!or!remove!them!from,!the!List!of!World!Heritage!in!Danger.!!The! World! Heritage!Centre!(WHC),! established! in! 1992,! is! the! focal! point! for! World!Heritage! matters! within! UNESCO.! It! serves! as! the! secretariat! to! the! World! Heritage!Committee! and! is! responsible! for! the! dayJtoJday! management! of! the! World! Heritage!Convention!and! World! Heritage! List.! ! It! advises! States! Parties! in! preparing! site!nominations! to! the! List,! coordinates! statutory! periodic! reporting! on! listed! sites,!monitors! the! state! of! conservation! of! the! sites,!organizes! assistance! from! the! World!Heritage! Fund! (budget! of! about! $4! million! annually)! and! coordinates! emergency! action!for! sites,! including! those! on! the! List! of! World! Heritage! in! Danger.4!The!Centre!also!organizes!technical!workshops!and!helps!raise!awareness!of!World!Heritage!issues.!!The! WHC!is! assisted!in! its! World! Heritage! mission! by! three! Advisory! Bodies:!The!International! Council! on! Monuments! and! Sites! (ICOMOS,! (nonJgovernmental),! The!World! Conservation! Union! (IUCN)! (intergovernmental! and! nonJgovernmental),! and! the!International!Centre!for! the! Study! of! the! Preservation! of! Cultural! Property! (ICCROM)!(intergovernmental),! each! of! which! has! technical! expertise! in! a! particular! area! of!conservation!and!nature!preservation.!!UNESCO! also! recognises! certain! international! and! regional! institutes! and!Centres! that!are! not! legally! part! of! UNESCO! but! have! committed! themselves! to! contributing! to! “the!achievement! of! UNESCO’s! strategic! programme! objectives! and! sectoral! or! intersectoral!programme!priorities!and!themes.”!On!the!basis!of!an!Agreement!between!UNESCO!and!the!Member! State/host! country,! a!Centre!or! institute! may! be! granted! the! status! of!“Category! 2! Institutes! and!Centres”! under! the! auspices! of! UNESCO.! The!General!Conference! must! approve! the! Agreement.! A! particular! feature! of! Category! 2! Institutes!and!Centres! is!that! they! must! be! international! or! regional! in! scope,! i.e.,! they! cannot! be!focused!on!a!single!country.!!As!of!September!2012!there!were!81!approved!Category!2!Institutes!and!Centres!across!58! countries.! However,! about! half! of! these! had! been! approved! only!during! the! previous!four! years,! and! many! reportedly! were! not! yet! active.5!Many! new! agreements! on!establishing! Category! 2!Centres! have! been! introduced! at! every! recent! general!conference.! According! to! the! World! Heritage!Centre,! 23! Category! 2!Centres! deal! with!culture,!and!of!these,!eight!deal!specifically!with!World!Heritage.6!Box!2.2!contains!a!list!of! the! eight! Category! 2!Centres! related! to! World! Heritage! and! the! year! they! received!their! status.! As! can! be! seen,! NWHF,! which! received! CategoryJ2! status! in! 2003,! was! the!first!Category!2!Centre!related!to!World!Heritage.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4!!The! World! Heritage!Centre,! together! with! the! United! Nations! Foundation! and! Fauna! &! Flora! International,! also!operates! a! Rapid! Response! Facility! to! “protect! natural! World! Heritage! sites! in! times! of! crisis.”! There! are! also!several!Trust!Funds!provided!by!countries!to!support!particular!projects.!5!!190!EX/18,!7!September!2012,!“Category!2!Institutes!and!Centres”.!6!http://whc.unesco.org/en/category2Centres/!and!http://www.unesco.org/new/en/bureauJofJstrategicJplanning/resources/categoryJ2Jinstitutes/!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!23!The! 2009! “Integrated! Comprehensive! Strategy! for! Category! 2! Institutes! and!Centres”!(35! C/22! and! Corr)! sets! out! guidelines! for! approving! Category! 2! status! and! includes! a!model! Agreement! between! UNESCO! and! a! prospective! Category! 2! Institute! or!Centre.!This!supersedes!the! 2005! “Principles! and! guidelines! regarding! the! establishment! and!operations!of!UNESCO!institutes!and!Centres…”!(33C).!However,!the!current!Agreement!between! UNESCO! and! NWHF! (2008)! was! signed! under! the! 2005! document,! which!continues! to! govern! the! relationship! until! the! current! Agreement! between! Norway! and!UNESCO! expires! or!is! renewed.! Renewal! of! NWHF’s! CategoryJ2! status! would! take! place!under! whatever! relevant! governing! document! for! Category! 2! Institutes! and!Centres! is!considered! operational! at! the! time! of! renewal,! i.e.,! has! been! approved! by! the! UNESCO!General!Conference.!While!the!governing!document!at!the!moment!for!renewal!of!status!is!the!2009!“Integrated!Comprehensive!Strategy”,!amendments!to!or!replacement!of!this!document!are!expected!in!the!near!future.!Box!2.2!Category!2!Centres!related!to!World!Heritage!• Nordic!World!Heritage!Foundation!(NWHF,!Norway)!2003!• African!World!Heritage!Fund!(AWHF,!South!Africa)!2007!• World!Heritage!Institute!for!Training!and!Research!in!Asia!and!the!Pacific!(WHITRJAP,!China)!2007!• Arab!Regional!Centre!for!World!Heritage!(ARCJWH,!Bahrain)!2009!• Regional!World!Heritage!Institute!in!Zacatecas!(Mexico)!2009!• Regional!Heritage!Management!Training!Centre!“Lucio!Costa”!(Brazil)!2009!• International!Centre!for!Rock!Art!and!the!World!Heritage!Convention!(Spain)!2011!In! addition,! the! International!Centre!on! Space! Technologies! for! Natural! and! Cultural! Heritage! (HIST,!China),!which!became!a!Category!2!Centre!in!2009,!deals!with!World!Heritage!issues,!but!is!affiliated!with!UNESCO’s!Sector!of!Natural!Sciences.!The! thematic! and! geographic! focus! and! range! of! activities! of! Category! 2! Institutes! and!Centres!varies.!As!noted!on!the!World!Heritage!Centre!web!pages,!“some!are!regional!in!scope! while! others! cover! more! than! one! region! or! are! organized! around! a! thematic!issue.! Many! are! involved! in! capacity! building! and! research,! while! some! are! set! up! as!foundations!or!funds!to!support!activities!carried!out!by!others.”7!!One! of! the! main! roles! the! World! Heritage!Centre!sees! for! Category! 2! Institutes! and!Centres! is! capacity!building.! This! assumption! is! reflected,! for! example,! in! the! 2011!“World! Heritage! Strategy! for! Capacity! Building”.! This! role! has! become! more! important!to! WHC! in! light! of! the! enormous! financial! strain! that! demands! for! such! activities! have!put! on! the! WHC! at! a!time! when! its!budget! has! been! cut! by! over! 25! per! cent!due! to! the!nonJparticipation!by!the!United!States!since!2012.!The!budget!crisis!at!UNESCO!has!led!to!an!emphasis!on!the!need!for!more!efficient!use!of!resources.! As! part! of! this,! WHC! and! other! parts! of!UNESCO! have! been! looking! intensely!at! what! they! can! get! from! their! relationship! with! Category! 2! Institutes! and!Centres,! reJemphasising! that! these! should! conform! their! activities! as! much! as! possible! to! relevant!UNESCO!strategies!and!goals.!It!has!also!led!UNESCO!to!examine!the!transaction!costs!of!dealing! with! the! increasing! number! of! Category! 2! Institutes! and!Centres:! UNESCO! staff!are! now! required! to! keep! track! of! the! hours! dealing! with! Category! 2! organizations! in!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!7!!http://whc.unesco.org/en/category2Centres/!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!24!UNESCO’s! IntranetJbased! monitoring! tool,! the! “System! of! Information! on! Strategies,!Task! and! the! Evaluation! of! Results”! (SISTER).! UNESCO! has! been! reviewing! progress! in!implementing! recommendations! by! UNESCO’s! Internal! Oversight! Services! from! its! joint!audit! and! evaluation! of! the! management! framework! of! Category! 2! Institutes! and!Centres.! The! review! focuses! on! strengthening! the! network! of! Category! 2! Institutes! and!Centres! so! that! it! can! be! utilized! as! a! “reliable,! low! cost! means! of! pursuing! UNESCO’s!core! programmatic! objectives,! while! at! the! same! time!reducing! the! financial! and!administrative!impact!on![UNESCO’s]!limited!resources.”8!!2.2 Norwegian+policies+for+World+Heritage++Norway! was! one! of! the! first! countries! to! ratify! the! World! Heritage!Convention,! in! 1977.!As! of! today! Norway! has! seven! sites! on! the!World!Heritage!List.9!The! Norwegian!ambition! with! regard! to! the! obligations! in! the!Convention!is! to! develop! the! Norwegian!World!Heritage!sites!to!become!“lighthouses”!of!best!management!practices!(Norwegian!Government!White!paper!26,!2006J2007).!!The!World!Heritage!work!includes!several!sectors!and!actors,!and!a!clear!understanding!of! roles! and! responsibilities! between! these! is! important.! The! work! also! has! to! have! a!firm! foundation! both! at! local,! regional! and! national! level.! The! main! responsible! for! the!World!Heritage!work! lies! with! the! Ministry! of! the! Environment.! The! practical!implementation!is!delegated!to!the!Directorate!for!Cultural!Heritage!and!the!Norwegian!Environment! Agency10.!The! ministry! represents! the! state! party! in! UNESCO’s! and! the!Convention’s! decisionJmaking! bodies.!In! addition,! nine! other! ministries! have! sectorial!responsibilities,!and!county!governor,!county!administration!and!municipalities!manage!the! regional! and! local! work!in! accordance! with! current! laws! and! regulations.! Norway!has! a! national! UNESCOJcommission! with! representatives! of! bodies! working! on! the!different! topics! covered! by! UNESCO,! and! which! provides! advice! with! regards! to! the!development!of!the!Government’s!UNESCO!policy.!!With! respect! to! Norway’s! international! obligations! in! the!Convention,! the! latest! white!paper! on! Norwegian! cultural! heritage! policies! (no.! 35,! 2012J2013,! Framtid! med!fotfeste/Future! with! a! foothold)!stresses! that! Norway! should! mainly! contribute! within!areas! where! Norway! can! make! a! difference!–!i.e.! in! areas! where! Norway! have! special!competence.!Nordic! cooperation! is! seen! as! an! important! part! of! the! international! work,!and!the!NWHF!is!one!vehicle!to!accomplish!this.!It!is!important!to!acknowledge!as!since!this!policy!is!just!recently!implemented,!it!has!not!been!decisive!for!NWHFs!activities.!It!should!however!have!an!impact!on!future!activities.!!Development+cooperation+The! overall! objective! of! Norway’s! development! policy! is! to! fight! poverty! and! promote!social! justice.! The! Government! has! achieved! its! target! of! allocating! 1!per! cent!of! gross!national! income! (GNI)! to! international! development.!The! priority! areas! for! Norwegian!development! cooperation! is! based! on! an! assessment! of! areas! where! the! Government!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!8!!190!EX/18,!7/09/2013,!“Category!institutes!and!Centres.!Part!I”,!paragraph!8!9!!Bryggen! in! Bergen,! Urnes! stave! church,! Røros! mining! town,! the! rock! art! of! Alta,! Vega! Archipelago,! West!Norwegian!fjords,!Struve!geodetic!arc.!!10!1! of! July! 2013! the! former!Directorate! for! nature! management!and! the! Environmental! Protection! Agency! were!merged,!and!the!Norwegian!Environmental!Agency!was!established.!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!25!believes! Norway! can! make! the! greatest! contribution:! the! environment! and! sustainable!development;! peace! building,! human! rights! and! humanitarian! assistance;! oil! and! clean!energy;! women! and! gender! equality;! good! governance! and! the! fight! against! corruption;!and!efforts!to!reach!the!healthJrelated!Millennium!Development!Goals.!Norway+and+UN+According!to!Government!White!Paper!33!(2011J2012,!Norway!and!the!United!Nations:!common!Future,!Common!Solutions)!UN!is!an!important!arena!for!Norway,!and!Norway!wants! to!strengthen!the! role! of! the! UN! in! global! affairs! including! modernization! of! the!organization.! Promotion! of! sustainable! development! is! a! Norwegian! main! priority!within! the! UN,! with! a! focus! on! integration! of! economic,! social! and!environmental!dimensions.! The! Nordic! region! is! seen! as! especially! important! in! order! to! secure!alliances!within!the!UN.!The! Norwegian! Government! provides! budget! support! to! UNESCO! and! has! since! 1998!had! 2Jyear! program! cooperation! agreements! about! support! to! culture! in! developing!countries.! In! 2010! this! system! was! changed,! so! that! Norway! now! provides! support! to!such!activities!through!two!funds!(instead!of!project!support).!One!of!the!funds!is!linked!to!the!2003!Convention!about!promotion!and!protection!of!immaterial!cultural!heritage,!and!one!fund!is!linked!to!the!2005!Convention!about!Cultural!Diversity.!!A!recent!White!Paper!(19,!2012J2013,!Regjeringens!internasjonale!kulturinnsats)!about!the! role! of! culture! in! Norwegian! foreign! policy,! underlines! that! the! relationship! to!UNESCO! is!an! important! channel! for! Norwegian! support! to! the! development! of! the!cultural! sector! in! developing! countries.! The! White! Paper!also!notes! that! the! Norwegian!government! shall! work! to! make! the!two! funds!mentioned! above!important! and! robust!tools! for! the! implementation! of! the!UNESCO!Conventions! in! developing! countries.! This!white!paper!has!no!mention!of!NWHF.!2.3 Nordic+World+Heritage+Foundation++2.3.1 History++The! forerunner! to! NWHF! was! the!Nordic!World! Heritage! Office!(NWHO),! founded! in!1996!as!a!part!of!the!Norwegian!Directorate!for!Cultural!Heritage.!The!establishment!of!this! office! was! based! on! a! request! from! the! director! at! the! World! Heritage!Centre,! and!there! was! an! informal! understanding! between!Norway! and! UNESCO!about!the! office,! in!addition! the! office! had! the! support! of! all! the! Nordic! governments.!The!office!staffs!was!employed! at! the! Directorate! for! Cultural! Heritage,! and! the! Director! General!of! the!Directorate!was!both!chairman!of!the!board!and!the!staff’s!employer!during!1996J2002.!In! March! 2002!NWHF! was! established! by! the! Norwegian! Government! as! a! permanent!independent!foundation!of!the!Norwegian!Ministry!of!Environment!(MoE).!The!status!as!a!Category! 2!Centre!was! granted! in! 2003! and! NWHF! was! one! of! the! first!Category! 2!Centres!in!the!UNESCO!system.!!The! activities! of! NWHF! as! a!Category! 2!Centre!is! based! on! an! agreement! between!UNESCO,!signed!by!the!DirectorJGeneral,!and!the!Norwegian!Government,!signed!by!the!Minister!of!Environment.!The!present!agreement!is!signed!for!the!period!2008J2014!and!based!on!a!framework!adopted!by!UNESCO´s!General!Conference!in!2005!(see!above).!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!26!2.3.2 The+agreement++The! present! agreement!between! UNESCO! and! the! Norwegian! government! was! signed!October! 1st! 2008,! and!covers!a! period! of! six! years! from! its! entry! of! force,! i.e.! until!October!1st!2014.!According!to!this!agreement!the!overarching!objectives/functions!of!NWHF!is!to!(article!7.1):!• Contribute! to! the!mediumJterm! strategies! of! UNESCO! in! the! implementation! of!the!Convention,! taking! into! account! the! linkages! to! other! relevant! standardJsetting!instruments!such!as!the!Convention!for!the!Safeguarding!of!the!Intangible!Cultural!Heritage,! the!Convention!of! the!Protection! and! the!Promotion! of! the!Diversity! of!Cultural!Expressions,! the!Convention!on! Biological! Diversity! and! the!United! Nations! Framework!Convention!for! Climate! Change,! enhancing! the!linkages!between!the!protection!of!World!Heritage,!capacityJbuilding!and!sharing!of!knowledge.!• Support!the!Secretariat!of!the!Convention!in!its!work!related!to!the!Convention.!In! order! to! fulfil! these! functions,! the! foundation! shall! focus! its! activities! with! the!objective!to!(article!7.2):!!1. Act$as$a$focal$point$bringing$Nordic$countries$together$in$their$collective$attempt$to$fulfil$the$ requirements$ of$ the$Convention$and$ its$ implementation.$!!2. Support$ the$ Secretariat$ of$ the$Convention$by$ facilitating$ technical$ expertise,$disseminating$information$and$contributing$to$innovative$projects,$all$in$support$of$the$Convention$and$ the$ World$Heritage$ Committee’s$ Global$ Strategy.!!!3. Mobilize$ funds$ from$ bilateral$ and$ multilateral$ sources$ and$ private$ sources$ in$ a$coordinated$and$transparent$way$and$facilitate$assistance$for$natural$and$cultural$World$ Heritage$ conservation$ efforts$ in$ developing$ countries$ in$ support$ of$ the$Convention.!!According! to! MoE!(ref.! letter! of! 23.! March! 2010! to! NWHF)!the! foundation! shall!contribute! in! identifying! important! common! Nordic! challenges! or! obstacles! related! to!fulfilling! the! obligations! of! the!Convention,! contribute! in! developing! solutions! to! these!obstacles! and! challenges.! This! means! that! the! foundation! must! have! a! good! overview! of!existing! expertise! in! Norway! and! the! Nordic! countries! related! to! the!Convention!and! be!able!to!connect!the!expertise!to!requests!from!UNESCO.!!The!foundation!should!also!help!strengthen! innovative! projects! in!such!academic! environments! and! institutions,! and!make!sure!that!UNESCO!is!provided!with!the!academic!results.!!The!agreement!from!2008!between!UNESCO!and!the!Norwegian!government!is!based!on!the! 2005! “Principles! and! guidelines! regarding! the! establishment! and! operations! of!UNESCO! institutes! and!Centres…”! (33C!Resolution! 90! (Principles! and!Guidelines!Regarding!Category! II! Institutes/Centres)),! whereas! all! other! C2!Institutes!and!Centres!are!regulated!by!The!2009!“Integrated!Comprehensive!Strategy!for!Category!2!Institutes!and!Centres”! (35! C/22! and! Corr).! As! stated! above,! a! possible! continuation! of! an!agreement!between!the!Norwegian!government!and!UNESCO!will!be!based!on!whatever!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!27!governing! document! for! Category! 2! Institutes! and!Centres! is! operational! at! the! time! of!renewal.!The!main!differences!between!the!2005!and!the!2009!agreement!are:!• The!2009!agreement! do! not! include! any! “sunset! clause”,! i.e.! it! is! automatically!renewed! unless! there! is! a! severe! breach! of! the! agreement.! In! the! older! version!the!agreement!had!to!be!actively!renewed!by!the!end!of!the!period.!!!• The! new! agreement! requires! that! the!government! in! the! country! hosting! the!Centre!is!represented!in!the!board.!!2.4 Organisation+of+the+foundation++2.4.1 An+independent+nonPprofit+foundation+The! foundation! was! established! in! order! to! be! a!Category! 2!Centre,! and! the! choice! of!organisational! form!as! a! foundation!was! due! to! UNESCO! demand! for!the! formal!independence!of!C2!Centres.!!!According!to!the!Norwegian!law!for!foundations!the!founder!(or!owner)!of!a!foundation!has!very!limited,!if!any!control!over!it.!A!foundation!shall!be!free!and!independent!of!the!founder.! Therefore,! MoE! participates!only!as! an! observer! in! board! meetings.! Likewise!the!founder!cannot!change!the!statutes,!as!this!is!a!right!that!solely!accrue!to!the!board.!It! is! the! board! that! decides! if! the! foundation! should! cease! to! exist.! This! means! that!NWHF! will! exist! until! the! board! decides! otherwise,! and! as! such! not! dependent! on! a!renewal!of!the!agreement!between!UNESCO!and!the!Norwegian!Government.!MoE!must!however!approve!such!a!decision,!as!well!as!other!changes!in!purpose,!or!on!dissolution,!merging,! or! demerging.! The! status! as! Category! 2!Centre!cannot! be! kept!unless! the!agreement!between!UNESCO!and!the!Norwegian!government!is!being!renewed.!!The! possibilities! MoE! has! to! steer! the! foundation! are!primarily!through! the!annual!assignment!letters,!and!secondly!through!appointments!to!the!board.!2.4.2 The+Board+According! to! the! agreement! the!MoE!appoints! the! representatives! to! the! board! of! the!foundation! (apart! from! the!UNESCO!board! representative)! and! also! holds! a! seat! as!observer!to!the!board.!From!2008!all!Nordic!countries!are!represented!in!the!board.!The!present!board!is!presented!in!table!2.1!below.!!MoE! appoints!all! the! representatives! and! the! Chairperson!for! a!fourJyear!period.! Each!Nordic! country! nominates! two! board! members,! and! MoE! decides! on! which! to! appoint!based! on! a! judgement! where,! for! instance! a! balance! between! cultural! and! natural!heritage! is! emphasised.! ! The! Deputy! Chairperson! should! rotate! between! the! Nordic!countries! each! year,! also! appointed! by! MoE.!All! board! members! are! elected! based! on!personal!competence!and!adequacy,!and!as!such!do!not!represent!the!organisation!they!belong!to.!The! board!members! are!elected! for! four! years,!i.e.!that! for! most! board! members! the!appointment! from! 2008!ended!in! 2012.! But! instead! of! selecting! a! new! board!for! 2013J2104!MoE! decided! to! prolong!the! period! for! the! board!until! the! end! of! the! agreement!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!28!period.! The!reason! for! prolonging! the! board! period! was!mainly! to! align! it! with! the!period!for!the!agreement!between!UNESCO!and!the!Norwegian!government.!!Table!2.1!Board!members!2013!Name!In!board!since!Organisation/position!Comments!Kristen!Grieg!Bjerke,!Chair!2008!Independent!!Olav!NordJVarhaug,!!2008!Norwegian!Environmental!Agency!Vice!chair!2008J2010!!Anita!BergenstråhleJLind,!S!2011!Swedish!National!Heritage!Board!Succeeded!Rolf!Löfgren,!Swedish!Environmental!Protection!Agency!Michael!Lauenborg,!DK!2012!Danish!Agency!for!Culture!Succeeded!Anne!Mette!Rahbæk!(vice!chair!2011J2012)!Margaretha!Ehrström,!SF!Before!2008!National!Board!of!Antiquities,!Senior!Advisor!!Ragnheidur!H.!Thorarinsdottir,!IS!Before!2008!Ministry!of!Education,!Science!and!Culture,!advisor!Vice!chair!since!2012!Kishore!Rao,!UNESCO!2012!UNESCO!World!Heritage!Centre!Deputy!member!for!Francesco!Bandarin!2008J2011!Berit$Halvorsen,$observer$2011$Ministry$of$Environment$Succeeded$Siri$Kloster$!2.4.3 The+secretariat+The! NWHF! secretariat! is! located! in! central! Oslo,! in! an! office! building! with! a! number! of!small!or!mediumJsized!enterprises.!The!NWHF!secretariat!is!the!only!organisation!in!the!building! working! on!World!Heritage!issues.! The! secretariat! moved! offices! in! 2010,! as!part! of! a! general! effort! to! cut! costs! and! ensure! sustainability,! see! also! section! 2.6.1.! The!previous!location!was!also!central!and!in!a!building!with!a!number!of!small!and!mediumJsized! enterprises.! The! secretariat! has! in! the! period! not! been! located! together! with! any!public!institution!working!on!World!Heritage!issues.!By!2013,!the!secretariat!consists!of!three!persons;!the!director,!the!deputy!Director!and!one!advisor,!see!appendix!IV.!As!NWHF!is!a!small!organisation,!all!staff!carries!out!tasks!according! to! need! in! addition! to! carrying! out! core! responsibilities.! The! working! culture!is!informal!and!based!on!mutual!trust!and!communication!on!a!needJtoJknow!basis.!The!director!delegates!responsibility!for!main!areas!of!work!to!the!staff,!who!leads!the!work!on!the!issue!and!checks!up!with!the!director!on!different!issues!that!may!arise,!according!to! need.! This! model! is! reported! to! work! efficiently! and! well,! by! internal! staff! as! well! as!external! stakeholders.!The! secretariat! has! weekly!(office)! meetings,! and!projects/professional! meetings! as! needed.! The! Director! in! addition! has! current! contact!with!the!Chair!of!the!Board.!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!29!In! the! period! 2010J2012,! NWHF! carried! out! secondments! with! AWHF!through! a!Collaboration! Agreement! between! FK! Norway! (Fredskorpset)! and! NWHF.! Four! NWHF!staff! worked! one! year! at! AWHF,! two! in! 2010J2011! and! two! in! 2011J2012.! While! two!AWHFJrelated!staff!worked!one!year!at!NWHF’s!office!in!Oslo,!in!2011!and!2012.!The!size!of!the!secretariat!has!varied!moderately!throughout!the!period,!in!line!with!the!available! funding,! with! the! core! staff! staying! at! 3J4! persons.! The! staffing,! and!responsibilities,!of!NWHF!throughout!the!period!2008J2013!is!described!in!appendix!IV.!!2.5 Strategy+and+activities++2.5.1 NWHF’s+Alternative+Strategy+2010P2014++NWHF’s! current! work! is! based! on! the! ”NWHF! Alternative! Strategy! 2010J2014”,! which!was!adopted!at!a!board!meeting!in!April!2010.!!The+outlook+of+the+Alternative+Strategy+The! Alternative! Strategy! states! initially! (ref.! point! 2! Purpose)! that! the! key! objective! of!the! strategy! is! to!strengthen!the! NWHF! Category! 2!Centre!as! a! useful! instrument! for!UNESCO.! The! goal! of! NWHF! is! described! (ref.! point! 3.3)! as! “Through! information,!capacity! building,! technical! assistance! and! fundraising! support,! be! a! useful! vehicle! for!UNESCO.”!The!Alternative!Strategy!represents!a!shift!in!focus!for!NWHF,!away!from!engagement!in!project! implementation! and! towards! engaging! primarily! in! facilitation! and! capacity!building:!“The!Alternative!Strategy!represents!a!move!towards!added!valueJ,!normativeJ!and!upstream!activities!and!initiatives!(rather!than!project!implementation),!manifested!in! a! longerJterm! and! multiJcountry! and! regional! approach”! (ref.! point! 2! Purpose).! In!terms! of! geographical! focus! (ref.! Point! 8),! it! is! stated! in! the! Alternative! Strategy! that!NWHF! specifically! serves! the! State! Parties! and! Committee! members! within! the! NordicJBaltic!region,!and!that!the!international!focus!rests!on!Africa,!AsiaJPacific!and!the!Arctic.!!!This!change!in!the!way!the!foundation!works!is!explained!by!a!need!to!bring!activities!in!line!with!the!available!human!and!financial!resources!(ref.!point!7!Financial!and!Human!resources):! “The! three! year! budget! prognosis! for! 2009J2011! (Inf.Doc.23/08)! illustrates!an!unsustainable!future!economic!situation.!NWHF’s!broad!mandate,!increased!role!and!function! as! a! C2!Centre!(35C/22),! and! strained! financial! and! human! resources,! calls! for!an! Alternative! Strategy! with! strict! strategic! priorities! ensuring! the! highest!return$ on$objectives.”11!As! of! 2009,! NWHF! had! three! permanent! employees,! one! temporary! and!one!part!time!employee.!!The! strategy! highlights! emphasis! on! resultJbased! management! (ref.! point! 2! Purpose):!”Each! activity,! project! and! initiative! shall! have! identified! success! criteria! and!performance! targets! relating! to! the! overall! aims! of! the! Foundation.! NWHF! projects! will!include! a! risk! analysis,! and! 2%! of! the! total! project! budget! shall! be! allocated! to! project!evaluation.”!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!11!!NWHF!has!noted!that!this!strategic!reorientation!was!necessitated!as!an!initiative!in!2008!to!secure!a!framework!agreement!between!NWHF!and!MFA!did!not!materialize,!leading!to!a!weaker!funding!base!than!expected.!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!30!The+Strategic+Objectives+of+the+Alternative+Strategy+In! the! Alternative! Strategy! the! three!Strategic$ Objectives$(SO1.1,! SO1.2,! SO1.3)! for! the!period! is! listed! under! point! 10! under! the! heading! “Strategic! Objectives:!Strengthened!WH! Convention! and! Institutional!Capacities”.! The! following!three! objectives! are! thus!ways! to! “strengthen!the! WH! convention! and! institutional!capacities”.! The! following!three!objectives!are! referred! to! as! a! “nonJexhaustive! list! of! priorities! (based! on! current!obligations! and! proposed! new! activities)”.! For! each! strategic!objective,! a! list! of!indicators!is!provided.!The!strategic!objectives!and!indicators!are!presented!in!table!2.3.!Table!2.2!Strategic!objectives!and!indicators!as!listed!in!the!Alternative!Strategy!Strategic!Objective!(SO)!Indicators!1.1!Promote!sustainable!development!through!tourism:!J Cooperation!with!UNESCOJWHC,!C2!Centres!and!other!international!partners!J Development!of!a!WH!and!Sustainable!Tourism!Community!of!Best!Practice!utilizing!new!and!innovative!technology!to!promote!information!sharing,!communication!and!cooperation!among!WH!stakeholders!in!the!NordicJBaltic!region!(incl.!the!Artic).!J Establishment!of!tools!/!networks!/!platforms!meeting!stakeholders’!needs.!J Revision!of!Operational!Guidelines!to!include!references!to!sustainable!tourism!J Sustainable!Tourism!included!in!WH!Sites’!management!plan!1.2!Strengthen!the!Periodic!Reporting!Tool!J Assist!the!NordicJBaltic!State!Parties!through!coordination!of!the!Periodic!Reporting!J Provide!assistance!for!Africa!and!the!Pacific!together!with!Africa!Unit!and!Asia/Pacific!Unit!of!WHC!and!C2!Centres!incl.!AWHF!and!WHITRAP!J PR!exercise!performed!according!to!objectives!and!schedules!J States!PartyJ,!Focal!PointJ!and!Site!manager!level!participation!and!coherence!J Increased!capacities!at!States!PartyJ!and!Category!2!Centres!level!1.3!Implementation$of$the$UNESCO$Integrated$Comprehensive$Strategy$for$C2$Centres$and$Institutes:$J Establishment!of!network!and!resource!pool!among!WH!C2!Centres!J NordicJBaltic!visibility!within!UNESCO!and!C2!network!J Development!of!operational!MoUs/LoIs!(incl.!WH!and!ST)!J Shared!activities!and!programmes!J Exchange!programmes!!The+Strategic+Approach+of+the+Alternative+Strategy+The! strategy! also! lists! three!Strategic$Approaches!(SA! 1.1,! SA! 1.2,! SA! 1.3)! under! the!heading! “Synergies! and! Partnerships”.! The! following! approaches! are! thus! ways! to!ensure! strategic! synergies! and! partnerships.! The! approaches! are! referred! to! as! a! “nonJexhaustive!list!of!priorities!(based!on!current!obligations!and!proposed!new!activities)”.!For! each! strategic! approach,! a! list! of! indicators! is! provided.! The! strategic! approaches!and!indicators!are!presented!in!table!2.3.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!31!Table!2.3!Strategic!Approach!and!indicators!as!listed!in!the!Alternative!Strategy!Strategic!Approach!(SA)!Indicators!1.1$Support$NordicRBaltic$States$Parties$(technical$and$conceptual$support$within$NWHF$fields$of$competencies).$J NWHF!preferred!partner!in!WH!activities!in!the!region!1.2$Coordinated$activities$with$other$Conventions$and$NGOs:$J Activities!with!other!UNJinitiatives!and!programmes!such!as!cooperation!with!UNEP/GRIDJArendal!in!the!Arctic!region.!$J Development!of!operational!MoUs/LoIs!J Collaboration!on!projects/funding.!1.3$Development$of$PrivateRPublic$Partnerships:!J Explore!opportunities!and!initiate!operational!partnerships!with!private!sector!such!as!UNF!cooperation!on!selected!activities!J Engagement!of!tourism!industry!in!relation!to!WH!processes!J Development! of! operational!MoUs/LoIs!J Collaboration!on!projects/funding!2.5.2 NWHF’s+Strategy+2009P2014+(abandoned+Spring+2010)+In! December! 2008,! the! NWHF! Board! adopted! a! Strategy! for! the! period! of! 2009J2014,!following! the! renewed! Agreement! between! UNESCO! and! the! Norwegian! Government!concerning!NWHF.!This!Strategy!was!in!April!2010!replaced!by!the!Alternative!Strategy.!The! goal! of! the! Strategy! 2009J2014! was! to! “Contribute! to! the! implementation! of! the!World!Heritage!Convention!with!emphasis!on!sustainable!development”!(ref.!point!3.1).!The!“Main!strategy!purposes!and!targets”!(ref.!point!3.2!and!Annex)!are!described!as:!• To! contribute! to! a! balanced! World! Heritage! list,! by! providing! financial! and!technical!assistance!to!state!parties!in!regions!with!few!WH!sites.!!!• To! raise! awareness! on! WH!issues,! through! facilitating! information! exchange!through!thematic!seminars!and!conferences,!and!through!information!sharing!via!newsletters!and!the!NWHF!website.!!!• To!contribute!to!develop!new!approaches!to!WH!management,!by!identifying!and!supporting!projects!to!develop!new!innovative!approaches.!As! stated! in! the! Alternative! Strategy! (ref.! above)! it! gradually! became! clear! that! the!Strategy! 2009J2014! was! to! ambitious! compared! with! the! realistically! available! human!and! financial! resources.! In! the! beginning!of!the! period,!MoE!approached! the! Norwegian!MFA! with! the! goal! to! get! a! framework! agreement! for! project! funding! to! work! in!developing! countries.! The! MFA! did! not! find! it! correct! to! enter! such! an! agreement,!however.! The! financial! crisis! may! also! have! contributed! to! NWHF’s! difficulties! to! raise!the!necessary!funds!to!implement!the!Strategy!2009J2014.!!2.5.3 Main+projects+and+activities+When!considering!NWHF’s!main!projects!and!activities!in!the!period,!we!see!a!shift!after!the!Alternative!Strategy!was!adopted!in!2010.!!Field! projects! related! to! the! development! of! nomination! dossiers! for! WH! sites! in!developing! countries! were! an! important! activity! in! the! period! 2008J2010! and! also!earlier.! In! the! period! 2008J2010,! NWHF! was! engaged! in! the! nomination! process! for! the!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!32!Kenya!Lake!System!site!(ref.!case!study!in!chapter!3.1!below).!(In!the!period!2002J4007,!NWHF! was! engaged! in! preparing! nomination! dossiers! for! two! cultural! heritage! sites! in!Samarra,! Iraq! and! SuleymanJToo,!Kyrgyzstan,! respectively,! as! well! as! a! natural! heritage!site! in! Madagascar.)! Such! engagement! was! abandoned! as! a! core! activity! with! the!Alternative! Strategy! (2010J2014).! Since! 2010,! NWHF! has! only! engaged! in! one! such!project! (after! being! requested! directly! by! the! MoE);! the! “Safeguarding! natural! heritage!in! Myanmar”Jproject! which! started! in! 2013.! NWHF! has! since! 2010! been! engaged! in!activities!related!to!the!Strategic!Objectives,!ref.!appendix!V!for!a!full!overview.!!With! regards! to!WH! and! Sustainable! Tourism!(SO! 1.1),! NWHF! conducted! a! NordicJBaltic! workshop! in! Visby,! Sweden! in! 2010,!funded! by! the! Governments! of! Sweden,!Norway!and!Denmark,!and!is!in!the!period!2012J2014!working!on!the!project!“Towards!a! NordicJBaltic! pilot! region! for! WH! &! ST”.! This! project! shall! result! in! a! supplementary!tool! for! the! Periodic! Reporting! exercise! that! focuses! on! Sustainable! Tourism! and!consists! of! i)! an! analytical! framework! and! ii)! a! strategy! framework! with! users!guidelines.!The!preliminary!results!shall!be!presented!at!a!Nordic!network!conference!in!Karlskrona,!Sweden,!autumn!2013!(a!more!detailed!description!of!this!project!is!given!in!chapter!3).!With!regards!to!Periodic!Reporting!(PR),!NWHF!is!recognized!as!having!a!coordinating!and! supporting! role! in! the! NordicJBaltic! region12!and! has! organised! and/or!supported!17!capacityJbuilding!workshops!and!meetings!in!the!subJregion!in!the!period!December!2009! to! September! 2013,! both! at! subJregional! and! national! levels! as! well! as! for! the!networks!of!site!managers!in!the!region.!!NWHF! has! provided! extensive! technical! assistance! to! WHC! in! 2010J2013!related! to!analysis! and! presentation! of! results! from! PR.! NWHF! worked! with! WHC/AFR! in!2010/2011! and! the!ways! of! working!developed! then! are! used! for! Periodic! Reporting! in!other! regions,! including! Europe.! NWHF! collaborates! closely! with! WHC/EUR! concerning!the!PR!for!the!NordicJBaltic!subJregion.!As! a! followJup! to! the! PR! in! Africa,!NWHF! assisted! AWHF! in! securing! funding! for!a! NOK!10!million!project!for!implementation!of!the!action!plan!for!the!2nd!PR!in!Africa,!which!is!implemented!from!October!2012.!With!regards!to!support!to!C2PCentres!(35/CC),!NWHF!in!the!period!developed!a!close!relationship! with! AWHF!(established! in! 2007)!and! contributed! considerably! to! the!consolidation! of! the! organisation! through!several! staff! exchanges! (ref.! annex! IV)! in! the!period! 2010J2012,! project! cooperation! and! strategic! support.! NWHF! also! developed! a!relationship! with! WHITRAP,! developing! an! annex! to! the! existing! MoU,!and! participated!in! the! annual! meetings! for! C2JCentres! working! on! WH,! hosting! the! meeting! in!Oslo! in!2013,!supported!by!MoE.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!12!!A!meeting!in!Stockholm!December!2009,!hosted!by!the!Swedish!National!Heritage!Board,!discussed!the!2nd!cycle!of!periodic! reporting! in! the! NordicJBaltic! region.!In! the! minutes! from! the! meeting! it! is! stated:! ”The! States! Parties!expressed! their! support! for! the! Nordic! World! Heritage! Foundation’s! (NWHF)! engagement! towards! the! NordicJBaltic! subJregion! and! for! offering! to! coordinate! and! assist! in! the! upcoming! Periodic! Reporting! (PR)! exercise.! The!States! Parties! decided! that! the! NWHF! shall! continue! its! efforts! and! coordinate! and! assist! the! subJregion! with! the!future!PR!exercise,!and!prepare!the!subJregional!synthesis!reports.“

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!33!A! major! activity! of!NWHF!is!travelling! to! participate! in! and! contribute! to! meetings! and!workshops!related! to! their! strategic! objectives,! as! well! as! the! annual! WH! Committee!meetings.! The! high! travel! rate! is! reflected! in! an! annual! budget! for! travelling! between!NOK!500!000!–!800!000!throughout!the!period.!2.6 +Economics+and+internal+systems++2.6.1 Funding+and+accounts+Funding+from+MoE+The! basic! grant! for! the! foundation! comes! from! the! MoE,! and! the! general! terms! for! the!foundation’s! activities! are! formed! through! the! annual! letter! of! award! from! the! ministry!to! the! foundation.!According! to! the! agreement! between! UNESCO! and! the! Norwegian!government! the! government! shall! contribute! a! minimum! of! NOK! 3.5! million! per! year.!There!is!no!formal!application!from!NWHF,!but!NWHF!regularly!informs!the!ministry!of!the!work!plans!approved!by!the!board!and!the!implications!this!will!have!for!the!budget.!As! such! these!letters!effectively!function! as! an!application! for!continued!funding.! In!2011!the!foundation!asked!for!support!of!NOK!5.5!million!and!for!2012!NOK!6.1!million,!in!order!for!the!foundation!to!be!able!to!keep!up!the!required!level!of!activity!and!ensure!the!necessary!robustness!of!the!secretariat.!In!2009!NWHF!received!NOK!5.0!million,!i.e.!an! increase! with! NOK! 1.5! million! (43! per! cent)! from! 2008! and! the! minimum! funding.!This!level!was!kept!for!2010!and!2011,!but!a!dip!occurred!with!funding!of!NOK!4!million!for!2012!(ref.!table!2.6!below,!summing!up!the!annual!accounts!2008J2012).!In!2013!the!funding!from!MoE!again!was!NOK!5.0!million.!The!annual!letter!of!award!from!MoE!has!been!unaltered!in!the!period!2008J2013,!with!exception! of!the!amount! awarded.! The! letters! consistently! refers! to! the! purpose! of!“strengthening!implementation!of!the!WH!Convention”!with!reference!to!the!statutes!§7.!The!purpose!of!the!funding!has!thus!been!unchanged!in!the!period!2004J2013.!Reporting+from+NWHF+The! letter! of! award! states! that! the! grant! account! should! be! based! on! the! Norwegian!rules!for!accounting,!and!that!all!account!data!should!be!kept!for!at!least!10!years.!!The! Norwegian! “Regulations! on! Financial! Management! in! Central! Government”! states!that!the! grant! administrator! (MoE)! shall! obtain! reports! from! grant! recipients! (NWHF)!“making! it! possible! to! assess! the! degree! of! achievement! of! objectives.! The! criteria! for!achievement!of!objectives!shall!be!in!accordance!with!the!decisions!and!premises!of!the!Storting.! The! criteria! shall! be! concrete! and! precisely! formulated! in! order! to! enable!monitoring! without! disproportionately! large! costs…!Each! ministry! must! consider! to!what!extent!information!reported!by!the!grant!recipient!shall!be!attested!by!a!chartered!accountant!or!registered!auditor.”!The! letter! of! award!and! the! Articles! of! Association!states! that! NWHF! shall! report! final!yearly,!audited!accounts,!including!project!specific!accounts!and!a!yearly!report!from!the!Board! of! Directors.! The! latter! shall! include! an! overview! of!activities!performed! for! the!year!in!question.!The!account!and!report!shall!be!approved!by!the!board!and!attested!by!the!foundation’s!state!authorised!auditor.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!34!The!yearly!accounts!from!NWHF!contain!rather!detailed!information!on!the!use!of!funds,!as! described! in! notes! to! the! accounts.! For! 2012,! in! addition! we! have! been! presented! a!detailed! list! of! all! costs! (NWHF! Income! Statement! 2012),! including! allocations! of!spending! on! administration! (i.e.! related! to! the! basic! funding! from! MoE)! and! projects.!Since!2009!the!yearly!account!also!includes!a!project!account!showing!opening!balance,!amount!received,!cost!accrued,!interest!income!and!closing!balance!for!each!project.!The!change! in! reporting! practice! was! based! on! a! demand! from! the! board,! as! well! as! MoE,! in!order!to!make!the!reporting!more!transparent.!This!practice!makes!it!easy!to!follow!the!spending! of! project! funds.! All! yearly! accounts! have! been! approved! by! the! auditor!without! any! remarks,! and! all! are!registered!at!the! Norwegian! State! Register!(Brønnøysundregisteret).!!Operating+results+As! table! 2.6! shows! NWHF! have! had! a! positive! operational! result! all! years! except! for!2012,! i.e.! the! year! when! funding! from! MoE! were! reduced! by! 20! per! cent.! The! deficit! in!2012! has! been! covered! by! accumulated!equity!and! budget! savings.!As! noted! above! the!funding!from!MoE!for!2013!was!back!at!NOK!5!million.!Table!2.4!Annual!accounts,!2009P2012!!20081!2009!2010!2011!2012!Basic!funding,!MoE!3!500!000!5!000!000!5!000!000!5!000!000!4!000!000!Project!income!(tied)!2!491!774!170!919!1!586!158!1!889!264!1!875!315!Other!income!(untied)!64!598!0!23!117!254!906!173!248!Total$income$6$056$372$5$170$919$6$609$275$7$144$170$6$048$563$Staff!costs!2!227!333!2!715!508!3!400!883!3!727!982!3!969!558!Other!operating!expenses!3!253!866!1!203!887!2!024!959!2!323!949!2!170!464!Travel!expenses!626!934!510!553!845!745!544!470!681!643!Total$operating$expenses$6$108$133$4$429$948$6$271$587$6$596$401$6$821$665$Result'(51'761'740'971'337'688'547'769'(773'102'!!!!!!Financial!income!116!344!25!369!47!494!80!181!58!817!Financial!expenses!1!543!33!406!3!866!22!069!Operating!results!63!040!766!307!384!776!624!084!P736!354!!!!!!!Equity!and!liabilities!1!839!157!2!932!306!3!434!551!4!010!602!3!956!215!1!The! present! agreement! runs! from! October! 2008,! and! therefore! only! parts! of! the! accounts! for! 2008! are!relevant!for!this!evaluation.!Project+accounts+In! addition! to! the!basic!funding!from! MoE!NWHF! receives! project! funding,! mainly! from!the!Norwegian!Ministry!of!Foreign!Affairs!(MFA).!Table!2.7!sums!up!project!funding,!per!project! and! for! the! whole! period.! Yearly! NWHF! have! received! from! NOK! 250,000! in!2008! to! NOK! 2.34! million! in! 2011,! whereas! it!decreased! slightly! in! 2011! to! NOK! 1.48!million.! The! largest! projects! are! the! NWHF/AWHF! Exchange! financed! by! FK! Norway!(Fredskorpset),! a! programme! that! was! closed! early! in! 2013,! and! any! surplus! after!completion!of!the!programme!will!be!reversed!to!the!funder.!Another!large!project!is!the!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!35!Programme! on! World! Heritage! and! Sustainable! Tourism,! funded! by! the!Government! of!Switzerland,! please! see! chapter! 3! for! a! description! of! this! programme.! The! project!Natural!Heritage! in! Africa! was! actually! funded! before! 2008,!and! in! 2008! there! were! a!transfer!of!NOK!1.15!million!to!AWHF.!The!project!ended!in!2010.!Table!2.5!Project!funding!No!Name!of!project!Funder!Total!amount!received!Total!amount!used!!!Buddhist!Sangha1!MFA!!24!409!!!24!409!!!!WH/Sustainable!Tourism!film1!!MFA!J5!009!!J5!009!!8!!Environmental!processes2!MFA!!850!720!!!850!720!!9!Technical!support!for!UNESCOJWHC/EUR,!AFR,!APA!Internally!!298!142!!!255!735!!10!Natural!heritage!and!sustainable!tourism!MFA!!888!178!!!815!178!!12!Madagascar!MFA!!26!045!!!27!071!!14!NWHF/AWHF!exchange!Fredskorpset!!3!422!862!!!2!813!952!!15!Kulturarvstyrelsen:!Workshop!Kulturarvstyrelsen,!DK!!J!!!!!9!209!!16!NordicJBaltic!WS!MoE!!300!000!!!300!253!!17!Programme!on!World!Heritage!and!Sustainable!Tourism!(PWHST)!Government!of!Switzerland!!1!060!504!!!1!054!039!!18!!Natural!heritage!in!Africa!MFA/MoE!!1!365!227!!!1!309!609!!19!PR!AFR!FJU,!follow!up!of!PR!in!Africa!MFA/MoE!!96!791!!!96!791!!!TOTAL!!!8!327!869!!!7!551!957!!1!Amount!transferred!from!2007,!no!payment!in!2008J2012!!2!Support! to! experts! from! developing! countries! to! attend! the! World! Heritage! Committe! meeting.! Granted!amount!are!being!transferred!to!UNESCO!on!a!yearly!basis!!In!addition!to!these!closed!projects!two!onJgoing!projects!are!• Myanmar! (P20)! where! NWHF! has! secured! MFA! funding! amounting! to! NOK! 1.6!million!in!2013!!!• NordicJBaltic!ST!pilot!(P21)!where!NWHF!has!received!preliminary!confirmation!from! the! Nordic! Council! of! Ministers’! working! group! for!terrestrial! ecosystems!(TEG)! that! it! will! support! the! ST! project! with! 283! 000! DKK! (pending! final!approval!by!the!Nordic!Committee!of!Senior!Officials!for!Environmental!Affairs).!Staff+costs+As! can! be! seen! from! table! 2.6! the! staff! costs! have! increased! from!NOK! 2.7! million! in!2009!to!nearly!NOK!4!million!in!2012,!i.e.!an!increase!of!48!per!cent.!The!number!of!staff,!including!permanent! employees! and! project! staff,! has! varied! between! the! years!and!therefore! it! is!not!possible!to! compare! the!costs! between! different! years.! It! is,! however,!notable! that! the! staff! cost! increased! from! 2011! to! 2012! while! the! income!decreased!substantially.!!The!wages!for!individual!staff!members!have!not!been!available!for!the!evaluation,!with!exception! of! the!wage!for!the!Director.! For! 2012! the!salary!to! the! Director! was! NOK!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!36!1.075.691,! in! addition! the! Director! received!compensations! like! phone,! home! office,!training! fee,! health! insurance,! travel! insurance,! diet! and! lodging! allowances!amounting!to!NOK!133.000.13!!Travel+expenses+The! NWHF!secretariat!travels! extensively,! which! is! reflected! in! the! accounts! (ref.! table!2.8).! Some! of! the! travel! expenses! are! being! paid! by! project! funding,! but! the! rest! is!financed!from!the!basic!funding,!see!table!2.8.!With!exception!of!2011!the!administration!travel! expenses! (funded! by! MoE)! have! increased! each! year.! In! 2012,! when! the! funding!from! MoE!was!cut! by! 20! per! cent,! the!administration!travel! expenses! were! 40! per! cent!higher!than!the!year!before.!Travel!expenses!for!the!secretariat!constitutes!8J13!per!cent!of!the!basic!funding!from!MoE.!Table!2.6!Funding!of!travel!expenses!!2008!2009!2010!2011!2012!Core!funding!(MoE)!372!934!458!711!460!492!379!776!535!004!Projects!254!000!51!842!385!253!164!694!146!639!TOTAL!626!934!510!553!845!745!544!470!681!643!!2.6.2 Result+Based+Management+UNESCOs+RBM+approach+The!ResultJBased!Management!(RBM)!approach!put!in!place!by!UNESCO!aims!to!set!out!clear! expected! results! for! programme! activities! and!projects,! by! establishing!performance! indicators! and! associated! benchmarks! to! monitor! and! assess! progress!towards!achieving!the!expected!results!and!by!enhancing!accountability.!The! philosophy! of! Result! Based! Management! is! to! increase! the! focus! on! outcomes!(results),! i.e.! the! change! one! wants! to! achieve,! and! avoid! being! caught! up! in!implementation! of! activities! while! loosing! track! of! the! purpose! and! whether! that!purpose!is!achieved. RBM! is!a! broad! management! strategy! aimed! at! changing! the! way! institutions!operates,!by!improving!performance,!programmatic!focus!and!delivery.!RBM!is!a!participatory!and!teamJbased! approach! to! programme! planning! and! focuses! on! achieving! defined! and!measurable! results! and! impacts.! It! is! designed! to! improve! programme! delivery! and!strengthen!management!effectiveness,!efficiency!and!accountability. The!following!key!concepts!are!important!for!UNESCOs!RBM!approach: • The$ results$ chain:$a! logical! relationship! between! the! expected! results! at! different!programmatic! levels,! to! ensure! that! all! resources! are! invested! in! the! pursuit! of!the!intended!results! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!13!!As! a! comparison! the! salary! for! the! Director! at! GRIDJArendal! in! 2011,! which! is! a! similar! type! of! organization! as!NWHF!but!with!a!staff!of!33!fullJtime!employees,!was!NOK!801.500.!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!37!• “SMART”$ Results:$describes! a! concrete,! visible! and! measurable! change! in! state,!induced! by! the! activity! or! project! to! be! undertaken.! Results! are! to! be! “SMART”!(i.e.!Specific,!Measurable,!Attainable,!Relevant,!TimeJbound).! o Specific:!exact,!distinct!and!clearly!stated,!expresses!the!nature!of!expected!changes,!the!beneficiaries,!the!region,!etc.! o Measurable:!in! some! way,! involving! qualitative! and/or! quantitative!characteristics.! o Achievable:!realistic! with! the! human,! financial! and! institutional! resources!available.!! o Relevant:!contribute! to! the! attainment! of! the! higher! level! results! and!respond! to! specific! and! recognized! needs! or! challenges! within! the!Organization’s!mandate.!! o TimeRbound:!It!has!to!be!achievable!within!a!specific!timeframe.!!! • The$Transformative$process:$Inputs!J!Interventions!J!Outputs!J!Results.!The!result!is! the! last! step! of! the! transformative! process,! where!inputs!(human! and! financial!and! institutional! resources)! are! used! to! undertake!interventions!(acts! to! be!undertaken)!leading!to!outputs,!which!contribute!to!a!desired!change!of!situation!(result). Key+steps+of+the+RBM+approach The! essence! of! the! RBM! is! to! place! focus! on! the! results! achieved! for! the! resources!invested.!The! RBM! approach! encompasses! programme,! financial! and! human! resources!management.!The!formulation!of!expected!results!and!implementation!strategy!is!part!of!an!iterative!process.!At!UNESCO!the!RBM!approach!consists!of!seven!steps: 1. Defining$ the$ contribution$ to$ the$ higher$ level$ results$in! order! to! ensure! coherence!between! the! results! at! different! programmatic! levels! and! thereby! forming! a!logical!and!coherent!chain!of!results.!!! 2. Analysing$the$ problems$ to$ be$ addressed$and! determining! their! causes! and! effects.!The!purpose!of!the!situation!analysis!is!to!identify!the!most!crucial!issues!among!the! numerous! ones! that! could! be! addressed! in! a! specific! area.! It! also! includes!considering! the! resources! available$(or! which! could! be! mobilized).! The! purpose!of!this!assessment!is!to!define!the!scope!of!the!results!to!be!attained.!! 3. Formulating$ expected$ results,$in! clear,! measurable! terms.! Based! on! the!conclusions! of! the! situation! analysis,! expected! results! are! formulated! expressing!how! the! situation!is! expected! to! be! different! after! the! interventions! compared! to!the! current! situation.!For! each! expected! result,! performance! indicators! and!associated! benchmarks$need! to! be! identified,! specifying! exactly! what! is! to! be!measured!along!a!scale!or!dimension.!!! 4. Developing$ an$ implementation$ strategy$by! providing! the! conceptual! framework!on! how! to! move! from! the! current! situation! to! the! one! described! in! the! result!statement,! identifying! main! modalities! of! action.! It! should! be! actionJoriented!specifying! the! major! issues! to! be! addressed! and! relevant! baseline;! the! rationale!of! the! interventions! to! be! undertaken,! outputs! to! be! produced! and! results! to! be!attained;!indicating!the!role!of!the!key!stakeholders!concerned.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!38!5. Monitoring$ progress$ towards$ the$ expected$ results$with! appropriate! performance!monitoring! drawing! on! data! of! actual! results! achieved.! The! purpose! of!monitoring! is! to! compare! the! ”planned”! with! the! ”actual’! situation! in! order! to!keep! track! of! implementation! and! progress! towards! the! expected! results! and!take!corrective!measures!if!necessary.!! 6. Reporting$to! key! stakeholders! on! progress! achieved! comparing! the! programmed!results! with! the! actual! achievements,! the! beneficiaries! impacted,! partners!involved,! and! resources! invested.! The! purpose! of! reporting! is! to! provide! key!stakeholders! with! transparent! and! resultsJoriented! information! on! performance!to! inform! decisionJmaking! and! improve! future! programme! and! policy!development;! analyse! eventual! discrepancies! between! the! “expected”! and! the!“achieved”! results;! disseminate! and! discuss! results! and! lessons! learnt! in! a!transparent!and!iterative!way.!!! 7. Evaluation$moves! beyond! the! assessment! of! progress! as! it! seeks! to! examine!whether! the! subject! of! the! evaluation! could! be! improved! in! terms! of! relevance,!efficiency,!effectiveness,!impact!and!sustainability.! NWHF+RBM+Framework+and+Indicators+2010P2014+NWHF! have! used! a!RBM!framework! for! a! long! time,! and! already! in! 2006! the! Nordic!Consulting! Group! (NCG)! reviewed! NWHF’s! competencies! in! RBM/Log! Frame! Capacity,!based! on! interviews! and! NWHF! practical! work! on! Quality! Assurance! of! Norway! FundsJinJTrust! Cooperation! with! UNESCO.! According! to! NCG! the! benchmark! “confirms! that!NWHF! maintains! a! high! international! standard! in! practical! application! of! the! full! range!of!Log!Frame!elements!across!three!projects!including;!Relevance,!Results/effectiveness,!Efficiency,! Sustainability,! Indicators/means! of! verification,! Risks! and! Risks! mitigation.”!(letter!to!MFA!dated!06.02.2007). The! present! strategy! highlights! emphasis! on! resultJbased! management,! where! all!activities,! projects! and! initiatives! shall! have! identified! success! criteria! and! performance!targets,!and!all!projects!include!a!risk!analysis,!with!2!per!cent!of!the!total!project!budget!allocated!to!project!evaluation.!The!latest!version!of!NWHFs!RBM!Framework!adopted!in!December!201014,!is!based!on:!• UNESCO’s! ResultsJBased! Programming,! Management! and! Monitoring! (RBM)! as!stated!in!BSP/RBM/2008/1!Paris!January!2008.!!!• The! methodological! Guidelines! in! Norad/MFA’s! “Results! Management! in!Norwegian! Development! Cooperation”,! which! conforms! to! OECD/DAC! and! UN!standards.!!!• The! requirements! contained! in!Norwegian! laws! and! regulations,! such! as! the!Administration! Act! (Forvaltningsloven),! the! Budgetary! Regulations!(Bevilgningsreglementet)! and! the! Norwegian! Financial! Management! Regulations!(Økonomiregelverket).!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!14!!Our!description!is!based!on!Annex!3!to!Board!meeting!3.!December!2012:!NWHF!RBM!Framework!and!Indicators!2010J2014,!Amended!for!Work!Plan!2012J13!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!39!The!RBM!Framework!worked!out!in!connection!with!the!Alternative!strategy!is!founded!in!the!result!chain!as!described!in!figure!2.2.!The!indicator!Framework!is!an!operational!“rolling”!document,!where!the!intention!is!to!continually! update! it! based! on! monitoring! information;! oversight! of! assumptions,! risks!and! decisionJmaking;! and! evaluative! information,! including! analysis,! reviews! and!evaluations.! For! each! strategic! objective! the! framework! identifies! indicators! that!constitutes! the! “identified! success! criteria! and! performance! targets”.! For! each! strategic!objective!the!goal!is!listed,!i.e.!Sustainable!development!through!World!Heritage!(WH)!&!sustainable! tourism! (ST);!Effective! knowledge! management! on! WH&ST;!Strengthen! the!implementation! of! the! Convention! in! the! NordicJBaltic! region! through! planning,!coordinating! and! finalising! the! subJregional! Periodic! Report;! Strengthen! the!implementation! of! the! Convention! in! the! AFR&APA! regions;! WH! C2s! recognised! as!significant! vehicles! in! the! implementation! of! the! Convention;! Cooperation! between! the!WH!C2s!strengthening!the!implementation!of!the!Convention.!!!Figure!2.1!NWHF!Result!chain!!Source:!NWHF!For!each!goal!the!RBM!system!includes:!• Baseline/Problem:! explaining! the! context! for! the! goal,! and! status! before! the!strategy!is!implemented.!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!40!• Outcome:! the! expected! outcome! or! impact! of! the! work! in! NWHF.! This! mostly!refers! to! impacts! at! other! actors/levels! than! NWHF! directly,! but! where! NWHF!can!contribute!to!the!outcome!being!reached.!!!• Result$ indicators:! Some! of! these! are! SMART! in! the! sense! described! above.!Examples! of! such! indicators! include! Action! Plan! developed! and! Operative! MoUs!between! NWHF,! C2s! and! other! relevant! stakeholders! on! promotion! of! WH&ST!(SO! 1.1A),! Periodic! Report! for! Europe! including! tourism! analyses! (SO! 1.1B),!NWHF!Website!in!action,!42!St.!of!OUV!(Outstanding!Universal!Value)!submitted,!42! Section! IIs! submitted,!8! Section! Is! submitted!(SO! 1.2A),! Five! workshops!conducted,! providing! clear! recommendations! (SO! 1.2B),! 4! participants! from!national! WH! institutions! in! LDCs! participating! at! annual! WH! Committee! meeting!and!Results!Based!Management!Frameworks!with!indicators!developed!at!all!C2s!(SO! 1.3).! Others! are! less! clear! and! measurable,! for! instance! Relevant! initiatives!following!up!on!Action!Plan!for!the!Programme!on!WH&ST!(SO!1.1B),!Action!Plan!applied! against! overall! goals! and! needs! (SO! 1.2A)! and! Reflected! in! UNESCO!RBM!system!and!C/4!(SO!1.3).!!!!• Monitoring$Mechanisms$&$Information$Sources$$$• Assumptions/Risks$Concerning! monitoring! and! evaluation! (M&E),! which! is! an! important! part! of! a! RBM!framework,! the! secretariat! has! recently! worked! out! a! draft! strategy,! presented! at! the!board!meeting!in!March!2013.!!It!has!so!far!not!been!fully!implemented.!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!41!3 Case%studies:%Three%projects!from%the%period!+In! this! chapter! we! will! look! at! three! case! studies,! to! uncover! in! more! detail! how! the!foundation! works,! the! topics! they! engage! in! and! the! results! they! achieve.! The! tree! case!studies!are:!J The! ”Natural! World! Heritage! in! Africa! Phase! II”Jproject! (2008J2010),! which!focused!on!nomination!of!new!WH!sites!in!Africa.!!!J The! ”Implementation! programme! of! Second! Periodic! Report! in! Africa”Jproject!(2012J2015),! which! focuses! on! implementing! the! action! plan! for! improved!management! of! WH! sites! in! Africa! that! came! out! of! the! last! African! periodic!reporting!exercise.!!!!J The! “Towards! a! NordicJBaltic! pilot! region! for! WH! &! ST”Jproject! (2012J2014),!which! shall! develop! a! tool! for! stakeholders! need! within! the! Periodic! Reporting.!Best!practice!from!The!Nordic!Region!is!used!as!a!model.!We!thus!cover!cases!from!the!beginning!of!the!period!as!well!as!present!cases,!and!cases!related! to! the! foundations! main! areas!of! work! in! the! period;! nomination! of! sites,!periodic!reporting,!and!sustainable!tourism.!For! each! case! we! will! first! present! the! baseline! (the! intention! and! rationale! for! the!project),! the! outcome! (what! was! the! actual! result),! comment! upon! reasons! behind! any!differences! between! the! original! plan! and! the! outcome,! and! a! conclusion! about! the!extent! to! which! the! foundation! in! the! project! was! able! to! deliver! in! an! effective! manner!in!accordance!with!its!mandate.!!3.1 The+Natural+World+Heritage+in+Africa+Phase+II–project+++Baseline+On! 19! June! 2007,!funding!was! granted!to! NWHF!in! a! letter! from! MoE!signed! by! the!Department! for! Cultural! Heritage! Management,!of! up! to! NOK! 1.3! mill.! (to!be! the!equivalent! of! USD! 213! 000)! to! the! project! “Natural! World! Heritage! in! Africa! Phase! II:!Finalisation! of! tentative! lists! and! nominations! to! the! World! Heritage! List”.! The! project’s!purpose!is!referred!to!as!follows:!A. to!finalize!the!development!of!tentative!World!Heritage!Site!lists!in!ten!countries!in!Southern!and!Eastern!Africa,!and!!B. to!finalize!two!nomination!proposals!within!the!Great!Rift!Valley!project.!!The! project! aimed! to! implement! the! strategies! developed! in! Phase! 1! of! the! project,!which! had! focused! on! capacity! building! in! the! field! of! Natural! World! Heritage!conservation! and! protection! in! ten! countries15!from! eastern! and! southern! Africa.! The!project!proposal!lists!the!overall!project!goals!as:!1)!To!assist!the!countries!in!the!region!to! develop! capacities! for! implementing! the! WHC! in! a! manner! that! strengthens!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!15!!Burundi,! Democratic! Republic! of! Congo,! Kenya,! Malawai,! Mozambique,! Rwanda,! Tanzania,! Uganda,!Zambia!,!Zimbabwe.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!42!conservation!and!sustainable!development,!2)!submission!of!three!new!nominations!(of!which!one!is!a!transboundary!site),!and!updated!tentative!lists!from!all!ten!countries,!3)!The! nominations! should! stand! out! as! models! for! other! conservation! areas! in! terms! of!planning,!use!of!partnership/networking!and!on!site!management.!The! project! was! estimated! to! take! 1.5! years! to! implement,! and! involves! authorities! of!the!10! countries! and! the! “assisting! organisations”! NWHF,! IUCN,! MoE! (represented! by!DN)! and! UNESCO.! Activities! mainly! include! a!stakeholder!meeting! between! the! ten!countries! plus! assisting! organisations! (with! travel! and! meeting! costs! of! USD! 74! 000),!work! in! the!ten! countries! to! update! tentative! lists,! and! preparation! of! nomination!dossiers!by!State!Parties!with!the!help!of!the!assisting!organisations!(with!a!total!budget!line!of!USD!90!000).!!Outcome+21! May! 2010,! NWHF! reported! to! the! Norwegian! MFA! that! the! project! had! ended! and!attached! a! project! report! from! AWHF,! a! copy! of! a! World! Heritage! site! nomination!proposal,! AWHF! accounts! and! NWHF’! annual! audited! accounts.! The! project! outcome!was!a!Kenyan!WH!nomination!proposal!–!Kenya!Lakes!System!J!consisting!of!three!lakes!in! the! Rift! Valley,! which! was! submitted! to! UNESCO! 29.01.2010!and!inscribed! on! the!World!Heritage!List!in!2011.!The!Norwegian!MFA!accepted!the!audited!accounts!and!the!report.!The!project!outcome!differs!significantly!from!the!project!goal,!as!• Updated!tentative! lists! from! 10! countries! were! not! produced!as! part! of! the!project!!!• One! WH! site! nomination! proposal! was! produced! and! submitted,! not! two! (ref.!grant! letter)! or! three! (ref.! proposal! document).! It! is! also! unclear! whether! the!proposal!represents!a!bestJpractice!model!(ref.!proposal)!!The! practical! responsibility! for! implementing! the! project! was! in! the! period! transferred!to!AWHF,!which!at!the!end!of!the!project!documented!project!expenses!of!USD!216,667.!Main!deviations!from!the!original!budget!are!as!follows:!The!National!Museums!of!Kenya!prepared! the! nomination! dossier,! at! a! cost! of! USD! 153,545! (the! planned! cost! for! two!nominations! was! USD! 90,000).! A! consultant! was! hired! to! assist! in! the! project!implementation! process,! at! a! cost! of! USD! 15,000! (not! in! the! original! budget).! It! seems!clear! that! the! original! cost! estimate! of! USD! 45,000! for! one! nomination! proposal! was! an!underestimation.! It! also! seems! that! the! intention! to! use! the! assisting! organisations!(including! DN)! for! preparation! of! the! proposal,! was! not! followedJup! on,! as! AWHF!conducted!this!with!local!expertise..!!!Explanation+of+the+gap+between+goals+and+outcome+The! main! reason! for! the! gap! between! project! goals! and! outcome! presented! by! different!stakeholders! (but! not! documented),! is! that! the! original!plan! to! update! nomination! lists!and! develop! three! nomination! proposals! (including! one! transboundary)! related! to! the!Great!Rift!Valley,!was!hampered!by!political!differences!in!the!Great!Rift!Valley!group!of!countries.! The! broader! framework! for! the! project!was! a! Great! Rift! Valley! initiative,! to!strengthen! the! representativity! of! African! sites! on! the! WH! list! and! also! develop!international!serial!transJnational!sites!along!the!Great!Rift!Valley!(which!stretches!from!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!43!northern! Syria! to! Mozambique).! The! initiative! was! gradually! refocused! and! renamed!African! Great! Rift! Valley.! The! active! presence! of! Israel! in! initial! stages! of! the! initiative!allegedly!made!it!politically!controversial,!with!the!effect!that!joint!efforts!related!to!the!initiative!during!the!project!period!proved!not!to!be!feasible.!!We! have! been! informed! that! the! WHC! originally! planned! to! support! the! elaboration! of!more! than! one! nomination! in! this! project,! with! matching! funds! from! the! International!Assistance! Programme! under! the! World! Heritage! Fund.! This! is! not! mentioned! in! the!project!proposal,!and!it!is!also!not!referred!to!in!the!final!report.!!Procedural+issues+There! are! a! number! of!problematic! procedural! issues! related! to! the! implementation! of!the!project.!The!heading!of!the!project!proposal!provided!by!NWHF!and!the!donor,!says!“Draft! Project! Proposal”.! To! our! knowledge,! no! final! version! actually! exists.! The! (draft)!project!proposal!was!not!in!NWHF’s!files,!and!a!copy!had!to!be!required!from!the!donor!(MoE).! There! are! a! few! occasional! letters,! but! no! real! written! reports! between! NWHF!and! the! donor! describing! project! progress,! adjustments! and! the! reason! for! them! during!the!project.!The!final!report!letter!of!21!May!2010!is!sent!to!MFA!and!refers!to!a!previous!letter! to! the! MFA! of! 12.11.2008! about! the! project.! This! letter! is! not! in! NWHF’s! files! and!neither! we! nor! NWHF! or! MoE! have! been! able! to! locate! it.! The! final! report! from! NWHF!consists! of! a! report! letter! plus! attachments! from! AWHF! about! the! nomination! proposal!and!AWHF’s!project!budget.!There!is!no!explanation!of!why!the!outcome!differs!from!the!original! project! goal,! why! the! implementation! structure! for! the! project! was! changed!radically,! any! mention! of! why! the! budget! lines! of! the! final! accounts! differ! significantly!from! the! original! project! budget! (ref.! above),! or! of! lessons! learned.! The! actual! work!NWHF!has!done!in!the!project!is!not!described!or!quantified.!Given!that!AWHF’s!project!budget!equals!the!total!granted!amount!for!the!project,!it!seems!clear!that!NWHF!during!project! implementation! has! contributed! with! unquantified! inJkind! resources.! Since!receiving! the! grant! from! MoE! in! 2007,! NWHF! has! occasionally! provided! the! MFA! with!rudimentary! reporting! and! also! submitted! the! final! report! letter! with! attachments! to!MFA.! As! pointed! out! by! MoE,! the! NWHF! should! have! communicated! with! and! reported!directly! to! MoE! about! the! project! during! the! project! and! at! the! end! of! the! project,! since!MoE!is!the!formal!donor!to!the!project.!!!!Conclusion+This! case! seems! to! bear! witness! of! poor! project! management! routines! at! NWHF! in! the!period! 2008J2010.! Project! documents! and! copies! of!correspondence!including! attached!documents! were! not! properly! kept,! project! reporting! routines! were! not! properly! in!place,! and! a! system! ensuring! that! lessons! from! project! implementation! are! drawn,!documented! and! learnt! was! not! used.! The! lack! of! comment! on! significant! discrepancies!between! project! goals! and! results,! and! on! budget!lines! between! the! original! proposal!and! the! final! accounts! are! worrisome.!As! the! full! project! amount! ($216! 667)!eventually!was!transferred!to!AWHF!for!project!implementation,!there!seems!to!have!been!no!cost!recovery! for! NWHF.! It! would! thus! seem! that!NWHF!ended! up! spending! more! internal!resources! on! the! project! than! originally! planned,! something! that! also! should! have! been!described! and! explained.!One! may! consider! the! outcome! of! the! project! (the! Kenya! Lake!System! nomination)! to! demonstrate! NWHF’s! ability! to!find! a! pragmatic! and! practical!solution! when! problems! arise! and! to! secure! at! least! one! concrete! outcome.! How! and!why!this!was!done,!is!not!transparent,!however.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!44!3.2 The+ ”Implementation+ programme+ of+ Second+ Periodic+ Report+ in+ Africa”Pproject++Baseline+With! facilitation! provided! by! NWHF,! the! AWHF! in! February! 2012! submitted! an!application! to! the! Norwegian! MFA! for! funding! of! implementation! of! the! action! plan! of!the! second! periodic! report! in! Africa.! The! total! amount! applied! for! was! NOK! 10! million!for!the!period!August!2012!J!July!2015.!MFA!approved!the!application!and!funding!of!the!full!amount!of!the!project!at!the!end!of!June!2012!(note:!the!grant!letter!is!not!dated).!!The! Project! “aims! to! implement! the! Second! Cycle! Periodic! Report's! Action! Plan! to!strengthen! management,! protection,! conservation,! community! involvement! and!development! in! African! World! Heritage! properties! through! various! capacity! building!initiatives”! (AWHF! application! for! funds,! point! 1).! The! project! is! also! a! component! of!UNESCO’s!regional!programme!“Africa!2020”.!!The!project!comprises!five!interJlinked!components:!!1. A!methodological!workshop!where!the!content!of!the!trainings!and!field!projects!and! research! will! be! designed,! on! the! basis! of! the! action! plan! 2012J2017! and!taking! into! account! recommendations! from! WH! conferences! in! Røros,! Norway!May! 2012! and! South! Africa! 26J29! September! 2012! where! representatives! of!Norwegian,! South! African! and! other! World! Heritage! sites! shared! experiences.!!2. Regional! trainings! workshops:! 4! twoJweek! workshops! are! planned,! including! 2!on! Risk! preparedness! and! 2! on! Entrepreneurship.! However,! the! thematic! scope!of!the!trainings!is!flexible,!depending!on!further!needs!and!funds!raised.!!!!3. Regional! field! projects:! 5! multidisciplinary! field! projects! related! to! priorities! of!the!Periodic! Report! will! be! implemented! in! the! country! groups! /language!regions;! Central! Africa! French,! West! Africa! French,! East! and! West! Africa! English,!Southern!Africa!English!and!Portuguese!Speaking!countries.!!!!4. Research! projects! on! a)! Traditional! management! systems! and! how! to! harmonize!them! with! World! Heritage! management! mechanisms,! and! b)! World! Heritage,!sustainable!development!and!communities.!!!!5. Final! evaluation! and! review! meeting.! At! the! end! of! the! three! years! project,! an!independent! and! external! evaluation! will! be! carried! out! and! the! evaluation!report! will! be! presented! and! discussed! during! the! three! days! review! meeting!gathering!principal!stakeholders!of!the!project.!!In! order! to! strengthen! regional! capacity,!a! three! months! internships! system! will! be! set!up!for!young!practitioners.!Three!interns!will!be!selected!in!2013,!2014!and!2015.!!The! AWHF! is! responsible! for! carrying! out! the! project,! providing! administrative!coordination,! accounting,! monitoring! and! evaluation.! The! UNESCO! World! Heritage!Centre!shall! provide! overall! policy! framework! and! guidance,! as! well! as! reporting! to! the!World!Heritage!Committee.!NWHF!and!ICCROM!will!function!as!facilitators!and!technical!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!45!advisors/experts.!The!project!also!has!operational!and!field!partners!on!the!ground!that!will! implement! training! and! project! components! of! the! project:! EPA! (Ecole! Patrimone!Africain,! in! Benin)! and! CHDA! (Centre!for! Heritage! Development! in! Africa,! in! Kenya).! A!Steering!Committee!for!the!project!will!meet!annually,!consisting!of!AWHF,!NWHF,!WHC!and!ICCROM.!!According! to! the! project! budget,! NWHF! shall! contribute! with! inJkind! resources! worth!NOK! 297! 500! per! annum! in! the! threeJyear! project! (total! of! NOK! 892! 500).! This! is! equal!to!1!manJyear!over!the!threeJyear!period.!Our!understanding!is!that!NWHF’s!main!workJload!in! the! project! is! in! the! first! designJ!and! proposalJwriting! phase! and! in! the! final!reporting!phase.!NWHF!will!not!be!involved!in!implementation!activities,!but!contribute!with! oversight! and! guidance! in! the! Steering!Committee.! Technical! input! will! mainly! be!based!on!NWHF’s!experience!with!the!PR!for!Africa.!!Outcome+(so+far)+Table!3.1!Milestones/activities!of!the!project!in!the!period!August!2012!–!June!2013!No.!!Activity!Responsible!party!Planned!start!date!Planned!end!date!Status!1.!Project!methodology!workshop!AWHF!27!Aug!2012!31!Aug!2012!Held!October!22J25.12!in!Johannesburg,!SA.!2.1!Training!workshop!1!(Risk)!CHDA!6!May!2013!18!May!2013!Held!on!the!dates!at!the!Great!Zimbabwe!Hotel,!Zimbabwe.!3.1!Field!project!1!(West!Africa!Francophone)!EPA!18!Feb!2013!16!Mar!2013!Held!on!the!dates!at!Abhomey!Places!in!Benin.!!4.1!Research:!Traditional!Management!Systems!WHC!15!Jan!2013!30!Jan!2015!Group!for!the!research!constituted!and!started!working.!4.2!Research:!WH,!Development!and!Communities!AWHF!15!Jan!2013!30!Jan!2015!Preliminary!discussions,!not!fully!started.!6.!Programme!coordination!and!internships!AWHF!1!Aug!2012!30!Jul!2015!Internships!are!underway!at!the!three!institutions.!!Gap+between+goals+and+outcome+There! are! currently! no! gaps! between! project! goals! and! outcome;! activities! are! being!conducted! according! to! plan.! A! few! activities! have! seen! a! delay! of! a! few! months,! mainly!as!a!consequence!of!the!granting!of!funds!taking!place!in!June!2012.!The!project!is!still!in!an! early! and! preparatory! phase,! and! the! risk! of! potential! delays! and/or! difficulties! is!likely! higher! in! the! upJcoming! implementation! phase.! There! is,! however,! according! to!our!knowledge!at!present!no!indication!of!increased!risk!related!to!implementation.!!!Final+considerations+and+conclusion+This! case! provides! an! example! of! NWHF’s! ability! to! support! WH! work! in! developing!countries! by! a! facilitating! role! and! in! a! strategic! manner.! The! project! is! anchored! in! a!common! platform! related! to! Periodic! Reporting! and! is! ambitious! in! scale! and! scope.!While! AWHF! has! submitted! the! proposal,! it! seems! clear! that! NWHF! has! played! a! keyJ

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!46!enabling! role.! Maybe! first! of! all,! by! being! instrumental! in! the! development! of! AWHF! up!to! the! point! where! AWHF! can! lead! such! a! project.! Secondly,! by! advising! on! proposal!development! and! facilitating! contact! with! Norwegian! MFA.! NWHF’s! participation! in! the!project! is! inJkind,! showing! that! NWHF! does! not! directly! benefit! from! the! project! in!economic! terms.! This! effectively! means! that! MoE! core! funding! to! NWHF,! partly! goes! to!participation! in! this! project.! AWHF! is! the! recipient! of! the! grant! and! responsible! for!project! implementation.! This! makes! NWHF’s! role! and! responsibility! clear! and! easier! to!handle!than!in!the!“Natural!WH!in!Africa!Phase!II”Jproject!described!earlier.!While! it! seems! clear! that! NWHF! played! an! important! role! in! developing! the! project! and!raising!funds,!the!added!value!of!NWHF’s!engagement!in!the!project!Steering!Committee!is!not!clear.!NWHF!does!not!seem!to!be!facilitating!relevant!knowledge!transfer!from!the!NordicJBaltic! region! and! it! is! unclear! what! kind! of! competence! NWHF! brings! to! the!Steering! Committee! that! is! not! covered! by! WHC! and! ICCROM.! It! is! thus! also! unclear!whether!it!is!justified!for!NWHF!to!cover!such!project!participation!by!MoE!core!funding.!!3.3 Sustainable+Tourism++Baseline+Sustainable! tourism! has! been! increasingly! relevant! during! the! last! decades.! In! the!context! of! the! World! Heritage! Convention! (1972)! the! potential! of! tourism! as! a! tool! to!promote! sustainable! development! had! remained! largely! unrealized.! NWHF!has! been!actively! involved! in! selected! onJsite! as! well! as! programmatic! activities! related! to!sustainable!tourism!in!World!Heritage!sites!since!the!1990ties.!!“Towards! a! NordicJBaltic! pilot! region! for! WH! and! ST”! is! implementing! a! key! aspect! of!the! World! Heritage! and! Sustainable! Tourism! Programme! Action! Plan! specifically! using!the! mechanisms! of! the! World! Heritage! Convention! as! a! tool! for! sustainable! tourism!adopted!by!the!World!Heritage!Committee!in!St.!Petersburg!in!2012.!NWHF!also!took!an!active! part! during! the! whole! process! of! refocusing! the! WH! and! Sustainable! Tourism!Programme!that!started!before!the!34th!session!in!Brasilia!in!2010,!followed!up!through!the! programme!funded!by! Switzerland! until! it! was! presented! in! St! Petersburg.! The! first!results! of! the! NordicJBaltic! implementation! will! be! presented! in! Karlskrona! autumn!2013.!!Below!is!a!short!summary!of!the!foundations!work!towards!sustainable!tourism!as!a!key!factor!for!the!World!Heritage!Convention.!Tourism! is! the! largest! industry! in! the! world,! and! cultural! tourism! is! one! of! the! fastest!expanding! segments.! Increasingly! the! developing! world! will! feel! the! impact! of! tourism.!Already!by!the!end!of!the!1990ties!a!Model!for!Cooperation!Among!Stakeholders!project!was! launched,! covering! the! period! 1998J2001.! At!the! time,! the! Nordic! World! Heritage!Office!(NWHO)!was!asked!to!provide!technical!assistance!in!the!development!of!this!new!and!inclusive!programme.!Funding!was!provided!by!MFA!and!NORAD.!Case!studies!were!Asia!and!the!Pacific!with!participation!of!eight!pilot!sites!in!cooperation!with!the!NWHO!and! UNESCO! Office! in! Bangkok.! The! project! objectives! were! 1)! dialogue! among!stakeholders!in!each!pilot!site!and!2)!to!develop!best!practice!models.!!!In! 1999,! a! report! by! NWHO! concluded! that! there! was! a! solid,! and! growing! basis! for!action.! The! report! provided! an! overview! of! the! relationship! between! protection! of!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!47!cultural! heritage! and! tourism! and! describes! strategies! that! could! lead! to! sustainable!tourism!with!cultural!heritage!as!a!key!factor.!The! Tourism! Programme! was!one! of! four! thematic! programmes! established! by! the!World! Heritage! Committee! in! 2001.! It! was! implemented! as! a! series! of! projects! mainly!funded! by! the! United! Nations! Foundation! until! 2010! when! the! World! Heritage!Committee! asked! UNESCO! to! develop! a! new! programme.! Committee’s! decision! was!based! on! an! evaluation! that! was! commissioned! by! the! UN! Foundation! at! the! request! of!UNESCO.!!In! 2009! NWHF! proposed! in!a!preliminary! concept! paper,! a! NordicJBaltic! conference!concerning! WH! and! sustainable! tourism.! This! replaced! the! proposed! NorwayJUNESCOJconference!and!led!to!a!NordicJBaltic!workshop!in!Visby!in!2010!funded!by!grants!from!MoE,!Denmark!and!Sweden.!!!!2010!(June)!–!At!the! 34th!session! in! Brasilia!there! were! two! decisions! with! regard! to!sustainable!tourism:!1. To!accept! the! Sustainable! Tourism! policy! orientations! that! were! developed! at! a!conference! sponsored! by! the! Australian! Government! that! was! held! at! the! Mogao!Caves!in!China.!!!2. To! close! the! old! UNESCO! World! Heritage! and! Sustainable! Tourism! Programme!and! direct! UNESCO! to! develop! a! new! and! inclusive! World! Heritage! and!Sustainable! Tourism!Programme! based! on! the! independent! evaluation! of! the! UN!Foundation.!WHC! formed! a! small! Working! Group!in! 2011!including!NWHF,!for! development! of!the!programme.!The! Government! of! Switzerland! provided! financial! support! for! specific!actions! undertaken! by! the! Steering! Group,! including! external! consultants! (from! New!Zealand),!and!an!Expert!Meeting.!They!subsequently!have!provided!some!funding!for!the!onJgoing!work! in! the! NordicJBaltic! region.!NWHF! was!requested! by! the! WHC! to!contribute! with! technical! assistance! in! a! Working! Group! (which! included! WHC,!representative!of!the!funder,!and!NWHF).!!2010!(Oct.)!–!Nordic! Baltic!Workshop! in! Visby.! Sweden.! !The! workshop! was!financially!supported! by! the! governments! of! Norway,! Denmark! and! Sweden.!!The! results! from! the!Working! Group! (above)! were! presented,! and!the! project! Towards! a! NordicJBaltic! pilot!region! for! WH! and! ST! representing! a! regional! contribution! to! implementation! of! the!Programme! was! presented.!The!workshop! explored! how! to! encourage! stakeholder!involvement! and! cooperation! in! the! region.! But! before! establishing! the! Nordic! Baltic!Program,!it!had!to!be!anchored!in!UNESCO.!!2012!–!The! final! WH&ST! Programme! and! Action! Plan! was! presented! to! the! WH!Committee! at! the! St! Petersburg! session!(36COM)!in! 2012! where! UNESCO! WH! and! ST!Programme! was! adopted.! The! programme! reflects! an! extensive! stakeholder!consultation!process.!The!programme!aims!to!create!an!international!framework!for!the!cooperative!and!coordinated!achievement!of!shared!and!sustainable!outcomes!related!to!tourism! at! WH! properties.! The! programme! takes!a! strategic! approach! in! its!implementation,!working!in!partnership!with!key!stakeholders!to!achieve!its!objectives.!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!48!NWHF!acted!as!a!fiduciary!agent!throughout!the!development!of!the!programme,!which!was!key!to!secure!the!Swiss!funding.!Shortly!after!the!36COM!in!St!Petersburg,!NWHF!presented!a!programme!proposal!for!a!NordicJBaltic! model! region! for! WH! and! ST! supported! by! the! NWHF’s! board! and! the!WHC.!This!is!the!first!regional!implementation!of!the!Programme!after!its!adoption!in!St!Petersburg.!!2013!–!Nordic–Baltic!pilot!region!for!WH!and!ST.!The!goal!of!the!project!is!to!contribute!to! tools! for! assessing! and! developing! ST! and! WH! properties.! The! project! is! supposed! to!result! in! a! supplementary! tool! for! the! PR! exercise! concerning! ST! and! consists! of! two!phases!1)!analytical!framework!and!2)!a!strategy!framework!with!users!guidelines.!!The!State!Parties!in!the!region!adopted!the!programme!and!they!also!proposed!the!pilot!sites.!!Outcome+(so+far)+As!a!part!of!preparing!the!analytical!framework!pilot!sites!were!chosen.!In!Norway!these!are! the! following! sites:! Røros! Mining! Town! and! the! Circumference,! The! Vega!Archipelago! and! Western! Norwegian! Fjords.! These! sites!have!already! been! pilots! in!other! programmes/projects! such! as! “Verdiskapningsprogrammet”/Directorate! for!Cultural! Heritage! (Vega! for! both! periods! and! Røros! for! the! coming! period),!“Bærekraftspilotprogrammet”/Innovation! Norway,! MTEs! Criteria! for! Sustainable!Tourism.! These! criteria! followed! the! UN! Foundation’s! Global! Sustainable! Tourism!Criteria.! The! pilots!should! therefore! be! well! documented! and!good! cases!for! the! pilot!project.!NWHF!has!taken!an!active!role!in!the!Conference!of!the!Nordic!WH!Network,!which!will!take! place! in! Karlskrona! 2013! where! sustainable! tourism! is! the! main! issue.!This! is! the!first! time!the! foundation! has! taken! an! active! role! within! the! network!conserning!sustainable!tourism.!Before!the!conference!there!will!be!a!meeting!in!Sveaborg!with!the!States! Parties! to! bring! input! to! the! process.! The! work! shall! result! in! a! tool! based! on! the!input!from! PR.! The! States! Parties! take! an! active! part! in! the! process! (inclusive! help)! and!key! words! are! as! the! following:! Operational! Guidelines,! carrying! capacity,! management!plans!for!sustainable!use,!World!Heritage!Centre!etc.!!!Gap+between+goals+and+outcome+There!are!no!gaps!between!the!goals!and!outcome!within!the!project!so!far.!The!project!is! concrete! and! well! defined! and! the! use! of! well! documented! pilots! with! stakeholder!expertise!at!site!level!should!be!a!good!introduction!to!the!work!with!guidelines.!Using! stakeholder! expertise! seems! to! be! well! established! within! the! project,! but! there!seem!to!be!a!lack!of!use!of!academic!or!institutional!expertise.!As!far!as!the!evaluator!has!experienced! there! has! been! no! use! of! expertise! to! develop! a! higher! knowledge! level! of!sustainable! tourism! outside! the! NWHF.! !The! Foundation! has! not! stimulated! acitivities!within! Nordic! academic! or! institutional! milieus! to! develop! competence! within! ST! nor!used! such! milieus! in! their! work! in! the! UNESCO! system.! ! The! Foundation! informs! that!they! have! involved! Nordic! stakeholders,! but! this! does! not! include! Nordic! academic! and!institutional!ST!milieus.!!!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!49!Procedural+issues+There! does! not! seem! to! have! been! any! procedural! issues!concerning!the! Nordic! Baltic!project! so! far.! The! use! of! site! pilots,! their! stakeholders! and! being! active! within! the!annual! stakeholder! conference! gives! the! opportunity! to! establish! a! good! dialogue!between!the!NWHF!and!the!Nordic!site!level.!!Therefore!the!Nordic!Baltic!project!seems!to!have!led!to!an!active!participation!between!the!Foundation!and!the!Nordic!region!at!site!level.!There!has!also!been!a!certain!dialogue!between!the!MoE!while!choosing!the!pilots.!Final+considerations+&+conclusion+It! is! not! possible! to! draw! any! conclusions! before! the!Karlskrona!conference.!It! is!however! positive! that! NWHF! use! the!NordicJBaltic! as! a! pilot! region.! It! is! positive! that!NWHF! has! taken! an! active! part! in! the!Karlskrona!conference! and! it! is! positive! that! they!seem!to!have!initiated!a!constructive!dialogue!with!stakeholders!at!WH!sites.!!There! seem! however! to! be! a! missing! link! between! the! academic! and! institutional!expertise! and! the! NWHF.!Sustainable! tourism! is! complex!as! field/subject! and! both!experience! and! empirical! work! is! important.! There! might! not! be! relevant! expertise!within! the! Nordic! countries! for! the! time! being,! but! such! projects! should! initiate! a! work!to! build! up! the!expertise.! The! sustainable! tourism! field! consists! of! carrying! capacity!levels,! human!behaviour,! information! and! communication,! pollution,! systems! for!channelling! of! traffic! to! mention!some!of! the! issues!concerning!ST.! This! should! not! be!built!up!within!a!secretariat!consisting!of!three!persons.!The!secretariat! informs! that! the!project! is! designed,! through! the! use! of! Periodic!Reporting,! to! assist! sites! and! their! stakeholders! to!identify! issues,! needs,! and! develop!solutions! using! and! building! local!expertise!–!not! to! identify! individual! solutions!and!external!consultants.!As! the!NWHF! only! should! act! as! a! facilitator! and! coordinator,!there! is! a! ! need! for! developing! profetional! milieus! to! assist! stakeholders! in! their! work!with! sustainable! tourism! on! the! one! hand,! and! to! contribute! with! competance! through!the!Foundation!to!UNESCO!on!the!other!hand.!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!50!4 Analysis(of!NWHFs!organisation)and!activities!+In! this! chapter! we! present! the! findings! from! the! evaluation,! structured! according! to! the!criteria:!• Relevance:!The! extent! to! which! the! objectives!(as! expressed! in! the! agreement!between! UNESCO! and! MoE)!of! NWHF! are! consistent! with!policies! and! priorities!of! main! stakeholders,! if! the! organizational! setup! and! the! strategy! are! consistent!with! the! rules! in! the! agreement,! and! the! relevance! of! NWHFs! activities! for!different!stakeholders.!!!!• Effectiveness:!The! extent! to! which!NWHFs!objectives! were! achieved,!or! are!expected! to! be! achieved.!We! here! also! assess! NWHF! RBM! system,! which! is! an!important!tool!for!determining!effectiveness.!!!!• Efficiency:!Are! the!results! achieved! in! a! costJeffective! manner! and! is! the!organisation!of!NWHF!efficient.!!!• Impacts$and$ sustainability:!What! are! the! likely! longJterm! results! (impacts)! of!NWHFs!work,!and!the!possibility!for!continuation!of!benefits!from!the!foundation!after!their!assistance!has!been!completed?!We!here!also!assess!the!sustainability!of!the!foundation!as!such.!In! addition! we! briefly! presents! some! of! the! findings! from! earlier! evaluations! and!assessments!of!the! foundation,! and! assess!whether! the! recommendations! in! these! have!been!followed!up!or!not.!!The! assessment! is! based! on! documents! reviewed,! interviews! with! NWHF! (secretariat!and! board! members)! and! relevant! stakeholders,! and!a!questionnaire!to! a! broader!selection!of!stakeholder.!!In! the! evaluation! we! have! defined! the! main! stakeholders! to! be! the! two! contracting!partners,! i.e.! the! Norwegian! Government! (represented! by! MoE)! and! UNESCO.! Other!stakeholders! include! other! ministries/directorates! in! Norway! (MFA,! the! Directorate! of!Cultural!Heritage! and! the! Norwegian! Environment! Agency),! other! Nordic! Governments,!NonJGovernmental!Nordic!milieus!working!on!WH!issues!(such!as!researchers,!WH!sites!and! NGOs),! and! international! partners! in! WH! work! (such! as! AWHF,! WHITRAP,! IUCN,!ICCROM! and! ICOMOS).16!Representatives! from! stakeholders! and! partners! have! been!interviewed! directly! (ref.! annex! 2),! or! have! been! sent! a! questionnaire! (ref.! annex! 1)! to!fill!out!and!return!electronically.!!!The! stakeholders! with! views! on! NWHF’s! performance! are!in! principle!those! who! have!been! in! contact! with! NWHF.! However,! there! are! stakeholders! that! for! different! reasons!have! not! been! in! contact! with! NWHF! or! even! don’t! know! that! they! are! stakeholders!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!16!!Whether! these! actors! are! stakeholders! to! NWHF! or! not! can! be! discussed,! and! are! partly! a! question! of! how! the!concept! stakeholder! is! being! defined.! In! the! evaluation! we! distinguish! between! the! ‘main! stakeholders’! (the!parties! to! the! Agreement:! The! Norwegian! Government! and! UNESCO)! and! stakeholders! in! the! broad! sense,!including!all!WHJrelated!actors!in!the!NordicJBaltic!region!that!have,!or!can!have,!some!interest!of!NWHF.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!51!given! NWHF’s! mandate.! Such! stakeholders! are! difficult! to! reach! and! if! reached,! they!have! little! basis! for! articulating! views.! Methodologically,! it! is! important! to! take! into!account! the! “message”! implied! by! the! lack! of! feedback! from! certain! types! of!stakeholders!and!balance!this!with!the!feedback!from!other!stakeholder!groups.!!4.1 Relevance++In! thus! subJchapter! we! will! assess! the! relevance! of! NWHF! on! a! number! of! levels,! from!the! overall! level! of! consistency! between! the! mandate! and! the! policies! and! priorities! of!main!stakeholder,!down!to!assessing!the!relevance!of!the!actual!activities!NWHF!carries!out!for!its!stakeholders.!The!subJchapter!has!five!sections:!J The! consistency! of! NWHF’s! mandate! with! the! policies! and! priorities! of! the! main!stakeholders!J The!consistency!of!NWHF’s!organizational!setJup!with!the!mandate!J The!consistency!of!NWHF’s!current!strategy!with!the!mandate!J The!consistency!of!NWHF’s!activities!with!the!mandate!J The!relevance!of!NWHF’s!activities!for!the!stakeholders!This! reveals! that!in! addition! to!assessing!relevance,! we! also! assess! internal! consistency!between!the!different!levels!on!which!NWHF!has!obligations!and!work.!4.1.1 The+ consistency+ of+ NWFH’s+ mandate+ with+ the+ policies+ and+ priorities+ of+ its+main+stakeholders++The! agreement,! which! defines! NWHFs! objectives,! is! based! on! a! common! understanding!between!the!Norwegian!government!and!UNESCO!–!and!as!such!the!objectives!should!be!consistent!with!policies!and!priorities!of!its!main!stakeholders.$The!Agreement!states!that!NWHF!shall!contribute!to!the!implementation!of!the!mediumJterm! strategies! of! UNESCO! in! the! implementation! of! the! Convention! while! taking! into!account!the!linkages!to!other!relevant!conventions!and!support!the!WHC,!by!!1. acting! as! a! focal! point! bringing! the! Nordic! countries! together! in! work! related! to!the!Convention,!!!!2. support! the! WHC! by! facilitating! technical! expertise!and! disseminating!information,!and!!!!3. mobilize! funds! from! bilateral,! multilateral! and! private! sources! and! facilitate!assistance!for!WH!conservation!efforts!in!developing!countries.!Norwegian$Government$The! objectives! of! NWHF! are! consistent! with! the! general!objectives! of! the! Norwegian!government! concerning! World! Heritage,! ref.! chapter! 2.2.! above.! An! important! task! in!Norwegian! World! Heritage! policy! is! to! facilitate! institutional! and! capacity! building! in!fields! where! Norway/the! Nordic! countries! have! a! special!competence! and! where!Norway! can! make! a! difference.! In! interviews,! representatives! of! MoE! confirm! that! the!objectives! described! in! the! Agreement! are! consistent! with! the! policies! and! priorities! of!the! Norwegian! Government.! The! Norwegian! National! Commission!to! UNESCO! also!expresses!that!NWHF!work!is!in!line!with!the!objectives!of!the!commission.!There!is!also!a! general! consistency! between! the! mandate! and! Norwegian! development! cooperation!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!52!principles! and! priorities,! ref.! chapter! 2.2! above.!NWHF’s! mandate! seems!to! fit! well! with!Norwegian! UNJpolicy;! it! contributes! to! strengthen! the! work! of! UN! (in! UNESCO),! it!contributes!to!a!Nordic!UN!dimension,!and!it!follows!up!on!the!sustainable!development!priority.! NWHF’s! mandate! does! not,! however,! fit! directly! in! with! thematic! priorities,!which! are! pointed! to! in! White! paper! 33! (2011J2012)! on! Norway! and! UN! (ref.! chapter!2.2.!above).!!UNESCO$The! objectives! of! NWHF! as! spelled! out! in! Article! 7! of! the! 2008! Agreement! between!UNESCO!and!Norway!are!by!definition!relevant!to!the!policies!and!priorities!of!UNESCO,!since! they! refer! to! implementation! of! UNESCO! strategies! and! support! to! UNESCO!institutions.!!The! UNESCO! MediumJTerm! Strategy! 2008J2013! (34/c4)! sets! out! the! strategic! vision!and!programmatic!framework!for!UNESCO’s!action!in!the!period!in!all!its!domains!at!the!global,! regional! and! country! levels.! ! The! MediumJTerm! Strategy! has! a! very! broad! scope!and! notes! that! UNESCO! shall! accord! priority! to! Africa! and! to! gender! equality! in! all! its!fields! of! competence! throughout! the! duration! of!the! MediumJTerm! Strategy! (p.! 8).! The!strategy! also! points! to! youth! being! a! priority! group! and! to! two! priority! groups! of!countries;! the! Least! Developed! Countries! (LDCs)! and! Small! Island! Developing! States!(SIDS).!The!MediumJTerm!Strategy!lists!five!Overarching!Objectives!(OO),!with!a!total!of!13!Strategic!Programme!Objectives!(SPO):!!• OO1:!Attaining!quality!education!for!all!and!lifelong!learning,!!• OO2:!Mobilizing!science!knowledge!and!policy!for!sustainable!development,!!• OO3:!Addressing!emerging!social!and!ethical!challenges,!!• OO4:!Fostering!cultural!diversity,!intercultural!dialogue!and!a!culture!of!peace,!• OO5:!Building!inclusive!knowledge!societies!through!information!and!communication.!WHJrelated!issues!typically!relate!to!OO4!and!OO2,!within!the!context!of!implementation!of!the!World!Heritage!convention.!!The!Agreement!refers!to!the!MediumJTerm!Strategy!but!does!not!refer!to!priority!areas,!themes!or!groups!mentioned!in!the!MediumJTerm!Strategy.!The!MediumJTerm!Strategy!is!in!the!UNESCOJsystem!followedJup!by!WHJrelated!strategic!policy!documents!that!are!adopted! by! the! States! Parties! in! the! period,! such! as! for! instance! the! WH! Capacity!Building! Strategy! or!–!at! regional! level!–!the! relevant! action! plans! developed! by! States!Parties.!!!!The!objectives!in!the!mandate!are!described!quite!generally!and!there!is!a!high!degree!of!overall!consistency!between!NWFH’s!mandate!and!the!policies!and!priorities!of!its!main!stakeholders.!!!4.1.2 The+consistency+of+NWHF+organizational+setPup+with+the+mandate++The! agreement! states! that! NWHF! should! have! a! constitution! granting! NWHF! the!necessary! autonomy! to! perform! its! functions,! and! a! governing! structure! to! allow!UNESCO!representation!within!its!governing!bodies.!In!order!to!secure!that!NWHF!is!an!autonomous!institution,!the!Norwegian!Government!chose!to!establish!it!as!a!nonJprofit!foundation.! Norwegian! law! grants! such! institutions! more! or! less! total! independence!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!53!from! its! owner/founder.! This! means,! however,! that! the! organizational! setJup! limits! the!possibility! for! MoE! to! steer! the! institution,! and! MoE! has! been! very! cautious! not! to!exceed!Norwegian!law!in!its!formal!communication!with!NWHF.!!The! agreement! states! that! the! foundation! should! have! a! board! consisting! of!representatives! from! the! Nordic! countries,! a! representative! for! the! DirectorJGeneral! of!UNESCO! and! an! observer! from! MoE.! The! MoE! appoints! the! representatives! and! the!Chairperson! for! a! fourJyear! period,! while! UNESCO! appoints! its! own! representative.! In!practice,! MoE! recruits! board! representatives! from! the! other! Nordic! countries! by! asking!the! relevant!ministries!in! each! country! to! appoint! an! appropriate! person.! The! Deputy!Chairperson!should!rotate!between!the!Nordic!countries!each!year.!The! agreement! further! states! that! NWHF! should! have! a! secretariat! consisting! of! a!Director! and! such! staff! as! is! necessary! for! its! proper! functioning.! The!procedures! for!appointment!of!director!and!the!duties!of!the!director!are!also!a!part!of!the!agreement.!Based! on! the! presented! documentation! of! the! foundation! the! organisational! setJup!(constitution,! board! and! secretariat)! is! consistent! with! the! agreement,! see! also!description!of!the!organisation!in!chapter!2.4.!For!a!possible!extension!of!the!agreement,!it!will! however! be! necessary! to! carefully! investigate! other! constitutions! besides! a!foundation,!since!Norwegian!law!for!foundations!might!be!inconsistent!with!the!present!requirements!UNESCO!has!for!C2!Centres.!The!present!governing!document!for!Category!2!Centres! (35! C/22! and! Corr)!requires! that! the! government! in! the! country! hosting! the!Centre!is! represented! in! the! board,! but! according! to! Norwegian! law! for! foundations!the!founder!(in!this!case!the!Norwegian!Government)!can!not!hold!such!a!position.!4.1.3 The+consistency+of+NWHF’s+strategy+with+the+mandate++NWHF’s! interpretation! of! the! objective! and! functions!described!in! the! Agreement! §7! is!operationalized! in! the! current! strategy! (Alternative! Strategy! 2010J2014).! In! table! 4.1.!we! compare! the! mandate! (the! objective! and! functions! in! the! Agreement! §7)! with! the!Strategic!objectives.!!There! is! consistency! between! the! Alternative! Strategy! and! the! mandate! in! so! far! as! the!Alternative! Strategy! objectives! contribute! to! MediumJTerm! Strategies! of! UNESCO! for!implementation! of! the! Convention! and! represent! support! to! the! WH!Centre.! The!Alternative! Strategy’s! SO1.3! “Implementation! of! UNESCO! Strategy! for! C2!Centres”,!follows! up! on! a! policy! document! adopted! by! State! Parties! as! part! of! implementing! the!MediumJTerm!Strategy.!!!It! is! stated! in! the! mandate! that! NWHF! shall! contribute! to! the! MediumJTerm! Strategy!while! taking! into! account! other! relevant! conventions.! The! Alternative! Strategy! does! not!mention! this! or! indicate! how! or! when! that! will! be! done.! In! this! area! there! is! not!consistency!between!the!mandate!and!the!Alternative!Strategy.!!!There!is!not!consistency!between!the!Alternative!Strategy!and!the!mandate!with!regards!to! the! scope! of! activities! and! how! the! foundation! is! working! when! supporting!implementation!of!the!Convention!and!support!WHC.!!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!54!Table!4.1!Comparison!of!the!Agreement!§7!and!the!Alternative!Strategy!The!Agreement!§7!(2007)!Alternative!Strategy!!(2010J2014)!Objectives/functions$and$focus$Strategic$Objectives$(SO)$!The!objectives/!functions!of!NWHF!is!to:!J Contribute! to! the! mediumJterm! strategies!of! UNESCO! in! the! implementation! of! the!Convention,! taking! into! account! the!linkages! to! other! relevant! standardJsetting! instruments! such! as! the!Convention! for! the! Safeguarding! of!the!Intangible! Cultural! Heritage,! the!Convention! of! the! Protection! and! the!Promotion! of! the! Diversity! of! Cultural!Expressions,! the! Convention! on! Biological!Diversity! and! the! United! Nations!Framework! Convention! for! Climate!Change,! enhancing! the! linkages! between!the! protection! of! World! Heritage,!capacityJbuilding! and! sharing! of!knowledge.!J Support! the! Secretariat! of! the! Convention!in!its!work!related!to!the!Convention!In! order! to!fulfil!these! functions,! the!foundation! shall! focus! its! activities! with! the!objective!to:!J Act! as! a! focal! point! bringing! Nordic!countries! together! in! their! collective!attempt! to!fulfil!the! requirements! of! the!Convention!and!its!implementation.!!J Support! the! Secretariat! of! the! Convention!by! facilitating! technical! expertise,!disseminating! information! and!contributing! to! innovative! projects,! all! in!support! of! the! Convention! and! the! World!Heritage!Committee’s!Global!Strategy.!J Mobilize! funds! from! bilateral! and!multilateral!sources!and!private!sources!in!a! coordinated! and! transparent! way! and!facilitate! assistance! for! natural! and!cultural! World! Heritage! conservation!efforts! in! developing! countries! in! support!of!the!Convention.!$SO$ 1.1$ Promote$ sustainable$ development$ through$tourism:$J Cooperation! with! UNESCOJWHC,! C2!Centres!and!other!international!partners!J Development! of! a! WH! and! Sustainable! Tourism!Community! of! Best! Practice! utilizing! new! and!innovative! technology! to! promote! information!sharing,!communication!and! cooperation!among! WH! stakeholders! in! the! NordicJBaltic!region!(incl.!the!Arctic).!$SO$1.2$Strengthen$the$Periodic$Reporting$Tool$$J Assist! the! NordicJBaltic! States! Parties! through!coordination!of!the!Periodic!Reporting!J Provide! assistance! for! Africa! and! the! Pacific!together! with! Africa! Unit! and! Asia/Pacific! Unit!of! WHC! and! C2!Centres! incl.!AWHF! and!WHITRAP!$SO$ 1.3$ Implementation$ of$ the$ UNESCO$ Integrated$Comprehensive$ Strategy$ for$ C2$Centres$ and$Institutes:$J Establishment! of! network! and! resource! pool!among!WH!C2!Centres!Strategic$Approach$(SA)$SA$1.1$Support$NordicRBaltic$States$Parties$(technical$and$ conceptual$ support$ within$ NWHF$ fields$ of$competencies).$SA$ 1.2$ Coordinated$ activities$ with$ other$ Conventions$and$NGOs:$a. Activities! with! other! UNJinitiatives! and!programmes! such! as! cooperation! with!UNEP/GRIDJArendal!in!the!Arctic!region.!SA$1.3$Development$of$PrivateRPublic$Partnerships:$a. Explore! opportunities! and! initiate! operational!partnerships! with! private! sector! such! as! UNF!cooperation!on!selected!activities!!b. Engagement! of! tourism! industry! in! relation! to!WH!processes!!With!regards!to!how!NWHF!is!supposed!to!work!(ref.!table!4.1),!we!see!that:!• the! Agreement’s! point! 1! “Act! as! a! Nordic! focal! point! bring! the! Nordic! countries!together! in! their! collective! attempt! to! fulfil! the! requirements! of! the! Convention!and! its! implementation”,! is! only! partly! met! by! the! Alternative! Strategy’s! SO! 1.1b!“Develop! a! WH! and! Sustainable! Tourism! community! among! WH! stakeholders! in!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!55!the! NordicJBaltic! region”! and! 1.2a! “Assist! the! NordicJBaltic! States! Parties! with!Periodic!Reporting”.!!!!• The! Agreement’s! point! 2! “Support! the! WHC! by! facilitating! technical! expertise,!disseminating! information! and! contribute! to! innovative! projects”,! is! met! by! SO!1.1a!“Cooperation!on!promoting!sustainable!development!through!tourism”,!1.2b!“Strengthen!the! PR! tool! by! providing! assistance! to! Africa! and! the! Pacific! in!cooperation! with! WHC”,! and! 1.3a! “Support! implementation! of! the! UNESCO!strategy!for!C2!Centres!and!Institutes”.!!!!• The! Agreement’s! point! 3! “Fundraising! from! bilateral,! multilateral! and! private!sources! and! facilitate! assistance! for! WH! conservation! efforts! in! developing!countries”,!is!not!clearly!followed!up!on!in!the!Alternative!Strategy!as!it!does!not!mention! fundraising! from! public! and! private! sources! as! an! objective.! It! may,!however,!be!inferred!that!fundraising!is!part!of!SO!1.2b.!SA!1.3a!about!developing!publicJprivate!partnerships!also!seem!to!imply!fundraising.!!The!Alternative!Strategy!is!thus!narrower!than!the!mandate,!as!it!seems!to!prioritize!the!agreement’s!point!2!at!the!expense!of!point!1!and!3.!The!Alternative!Strategy!only!partly!follows! up! on! the! stipulated! role! to! be! a! “Nordic! focal! point”! and! only! indirectly! follows!up!on!the!stipulated!fundraising!role.!!The! Alternative! Strategy! also! differs! fundamentally! from! the! mandate! with! regards! to!point!2!(and!to!some!extent!point!3),!as!it!gives!NWHF!a!different!role!when!supporting!WHC!and!WHJrelated!work!in!developing!countries.!While!the!Agreement!stipulates!that!NWHF!shall!facilitate!that!Nordic!experts!support!the!WHC,!the!Alternative!Strategy!puts!NWHF!itself!in!the!role!of!working!with!WHC!and!international!partners.!!4.1.4 The+consistency+of+NWHF’s+activities+with+the+mandate+NWHF! works! out!biennial!work! plans,! since! 2010! structured! according! to! the! strategic!objectives! of! the! Alternative! Strategy,! stating! activity,! output! and! status.! The! board! is!regularly! adopting! these! work! plans.! The! work! plan! 2012J2013! (Work.Doc.! 04/13)!refers!to!24!main!activities!sorted!thematically!under!the!three!Strategic!Objectives.!The! activities! follow! the! Alternative! Strategy,! which! is! not! fully! consistent! with! the!mandate,! and! the! activities! are! thus! also!not! fully! consistent! with! the! mandate.! In!appendix!VI!we!have!noted!how!and!to!what!extent!we!see!the!different!activities!relate!to!the!different!roles!laid!out!in!the!mandate.!!The! general! picture! is! that! while! a! number! of! the! activities! are! related! to! the! different!roles!stipulated!in!the!mandate,!the!respective!activities!are!either!too!few!or!superficial!in! nature! to! really! fill! out! the! stipulated! role,! or! they! are! only! partly! contributing! to! the!stipulated!roles.!!In!the!work!related!to!sustainable!tourism!and!periodic!reporting,!NWHF!takes!on!a!role!that! is! consistent! with! being! a! Nordic! focal! point.! This! activity! is! in! itself,! however,! not!enough!for!NWHF!to!be!a!Nordic!Focal!Point!on!WH!issues!as!such.!!NWHF! engages! in! a! number! of! activities! related!to! UNESCOJprocesses! and! frameworks!as! well! as! work! with! C2s! in! developing! countries,! especially! related! to! periodic!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!56!reporting.! This! corresponds! with! the! role! to! provide! technical! assistance,! but! while! the!mandate! stipulates! that! this! should! take! place! by!facilitating! engagement! of! Nordic!experts,! NWHF! is! in! the! activities! itself! stepping! into! the! expert! role.! For! instance,!activity! 3.4! refers! to! NWHF’s! participation! in! and! providing! input! to! an! expert! meeting!in!Brazil.!The!mandate!points!to!NWHF’s!role!being!to!facilitate!participation!of!a!Nordic!expert!at!such!a!meeting.!!NWHF!is!engaging!in!WHC’s!Periodic!Reporting!exercise!in!several!regions!and!it!seems!NWHF! has! developed! generic! competence! that! is! useful! in! many! contexts.! Such!competence! is! useful! for! a! Nordic! focal! point,! and! engagement! in! PR! work! in! regions!such!as!Africa!has!also!served!as!a!basis!for!developing!successful!project!proposals!–!in!line! with! the! stipulated! role! as! fundraiser.! In! general,! however,! NWHF! contributing! to!the! periodic! reporting! exercise! in! different! regions! does! not! seem! to! be! a! role! that! is! in!correspondence! with! the! mandate!–!unless! it! entails! facilitating! engagement! of! Nordic!experts!in!such!work.!!!!!!NWHF! has! contributed! to! fundraising! for! WH! projects! in! Africa! and! Myanmar! and!secured! funding! from! the! Norwegian! MFA,! something! that! is! consistent! with! the!stipulated! role! as! fundraiser! in! the! mandate.! In! the! mandate,! fundraising! from! bilateral,!multilateral!and!private!sources!is!highlighted!as!a!key!role.!The!activities!reflect!a!more!limited! focus! on! fundraising! that! what! is! stipulated! in! the! mandate,! as! fundraising!activities!addressing!private!and!multilateral!sources!are!not!present.!It! is! unclear! how! NWHF’s! engagement! towards! the! other! C2s! in! network! meetings! and!through! representation! in! the! boards! of! two! other! C2s,! corresponds! with! the! mandate.!Besides! fundraising,! support! to! WHJrelated! work! and! C2s! in! developing! countries!should!be!in!the!form!of!facilitating!engagement!of!relevant!Nordic!experts.!!Since! 2010,! the! foundation! has! increased! its! work! towards! Nordic! stakeholders! and!provided! support! related! to! sustainable! tourism! and! periodic! reporting.! This! has!increased! NWHF’s! engagement! with! Nordic! stakeholders! in! the! latter! part! of! the!evaluation!period.!!!4.1.5 Relevance+of+NWHF’s+activities+for+its+stakeholders++The! main! stakeholders! are! UNESCO! represented! by! the! WH!Centre!and! the! Norwegian!Government! represented! by! the! MoE.! Other! stakeholders! are! the! other! Nordic!governments!represented!by!departments!working!on!WH!issues!and!nonJgovernmental!Nordic!milieus!working!on!WH!issues.!!UNESCO$$The! participation! of! the! WH!Centre!in! the! board! helps! ensure! the! relevance! of! NWHF’s!strategy! and! activities! for! UNESCO.!UNESCO! has! not! specified! its! expectations! to! the!NWHF! in! writing,!besides! the! Agreement.!Based! on! the! available! documents! and!interviews! with! UNESCO! staff,! it! is! our! clear! impression! that! NWHF! meets! UNESCO’s!expectations!and!that!its!activities!are!considered!relevant.!Our!tentative!understanding!of! UNESCO’s! (WHC’s)! de! facto! expectations! and! wishes! with! regard! to! NWHF! may! be!described!as!follows!(not!in!an!order!of!priority):!J To!draw!on!technical!expertise!and!thereby!reduce!workload!at!WHC.!J Help!with!development!of!plans!and!programmes!when!relevant!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!57!J Help!with!implementation!of!the!C2!Centre!strategy!(35/CC).!J Contribute!to!WHJrelated!work!in!the!NordicJBaltic!region!J Contribute! to! capacity! building! on! Period! Reporting! and! Sustainable! Tourism!according!to!need.!J Fundraising!to!WHJrelated!work!in!developing!countries.!!!!NWHF’s!activities!since!2010!are!tied!to!the!three!objectives!in!the!Alternative!Strategy.!These!are!relevant!and!contribute!directly!to!current!UNESCO!priorities!and!objectives.!SO1! and! related! activities! on! sustainable! tourism! is! aimed! at! supporting! UNESCO’s!Sustainable! Tourism! Programme.! UNESCO’s! biennial! Approved! Programme! and! Budget!(C/5)! for! 2012J2013! notes! that! “Particular! attention! will! be! given! to! providing! policy!advice! and! guidelines! on! sustainable! tourism! and! to! developing! programmes! for! a!sustainable! heritage! use”! (p.! 163).! Moreover,! NWHF! reportedly! contributed! to! the!Strategy!document!on!World!Heritage!and!Sustainable!Tourism,!launched!in!2012.!SO2!and!related!activities!on!strengthening!the!Periodic!Reporting!tool!addresses!one!of!the! WH!Centre’s!premier! activities! in! implementing! the! Convention.! It! also! addresses!capacity! building,! which! is! another! current! WHC! priority! (ref.! the! World! Heritage!Capacity!Building!Strategy).!!SO3!and!related!activities!on!implementation!of!the!UNESCO!Integrated!Comprehensive!Strategy!for!Category!2!Centres!and!Institutes,!addresses!a!preoccupation!of!UNESCO!in!the! current! budget! crisis,! which! is! to! strengthen! the! network! of! Category! 2! Institutes!and!Centres,! so! that! they!can! be! utilized! as! a! “reliable,! low! cost! means! of! pursuing!UNESCO’s! core! programmatic! objectives,! while! at! the! same! time! reducing! the! financial!and!administrative!impact!on![UNESCO’s]!limited!resources.”17!Several! interviewees! within! the! WHC! pointed! out! that! NWHF’s! work! with! periodic!reporting! also!has! made! NWHF! particularly! aware! of! the! priorities! of! the! States! Parties!and! other! stakeholders! in! the! regions,! since! the! periodic! reporting! process! helps!determine! priority! actions! that! need! to! be! taken! in! the! regions.! This! has! been! the! case!particularly!in! Africa,! where! NWHF! assisted! in! writing! the! synthesis! periodic! report! for!the!region.!The$Norwegian$Government$$The!Norwegian!government!is!a!signatory!to!the!WH!Convention!and!therefore!strategic!goals! and! activities! related! to! implementation! of! the! Convention! (such! as! those! of! the!Alternative! Strategy)! are! by! default! relevant! for! the! Norwegian! government.! The!strategies! and! activities! of! NWHF! are! in! general! terms! in! line! with! the! orientation! and!priorities! of! the! Norwegian! government! in! the! fields! of! World! Heritage,! tourism! and!development!aid.!Interviews!with!several!Norwegian!Government!stakeholders!confirm!that!NWHF’s!strategy!and!activities!generally!speaking!are!relevant.!!More! specifically,! however,! NWHF’s! activities! are! not! necessarily! relevant! or!consistent!with! Norwegian! WH! and/or! development! policy.! With! regards! to! capacity!building,!Norwegian! development! policy! highlights! that! Norway! shall! contribute! in! areas! where!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!17!!190!EX/18,!7/09/2013,!“Category!institutes!and!Centres.!Part!I”.!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!58!Norway! has! special! competence! (særlig$ fortrinn).! NWHF’s! capacity! building!activities!are! not! in! areas! where! Norway! as! such! has! special! competence.! Another! point! is! the!focus! in! Norwegian! development! policy! on! improving! governance,! in! line! with! which!efforts! to! strengthen! WHJwork! in! developing! countries! should! focus! on! strengthening!relevant! government! institutions.! NWHF! usually! works! with! and! supports! C2s! in!developing!countries,!however,!rather!than!government!institutions.!!!!In! a! letter! dated! 23! March! 2010,! from! MoE! to! the! NWHF! Chair! of! the! Board,! MoE!describes! the! State! Party! Norway’s! precise! expectations! for! NWHF! and! the! way! it!interprets!the!Agreement’s!§7!(ref.!point!2.3!of!the!letter):!• NWHF’s! primary! geographic! area! of! work! is! the! NordicJBaltic! region.! At! the!outset,! work! on! global! issues! is! outside! the! foundation’s! area! of! responsibility.! If!taking! place,! such! work! (including! policy! development! at! WHC)! shall! take! the!form!of!facilitating!input!from!relevant!experts!in!Nordic!milieus.!!!!!• To$ act$ as$ a$ focal$ point$ bringing$ Nordic$ countries$ together…,! means! that! the!foundation!shall!contribute!to!the!identification!of!important!and!common!Nordic!challenges! related! to! implementing! the! Convention! and! contribute! to! develop!measures!in!order!to!overcome!these!challenges.!!!• Support$ the$ Secretariat$ for$ the$ Convention$ by$ facilitating…,!means! that! the!foundation! shall! have! an! updated! overview! of! all! relevant! milieus! in! the! Nordic!countries! working! on! WHJissues,! enabling! the! foundation! to! effectively! facilitate!support!from!Nordic!milieus!to!UNESCO!in!accordance!with!the!needs!of!UNESCO.!NWHF! shall! further! contribute! to! promotion! and! strengthening! of! innovative!projects! in! these! milieus! in! important! WH! areas.! NWHF! shall! also! contribute! to!the!dissemination!of!results!from!such!projects!to!UNESCO.!!!• Mobilize$ funds$ from$ bilateral,$ multilateral$ and$ private$ sources…,$means! that! the!foundation! shall! be! an! important! fundraiser! for! UNESCOJprojects! focussing! on!developing! countries.! Moreover,! it! is! important! to! raise! money! also! from! other!sources! than! the! Norwegian! MFA,! especially! from! the! other! Nordic! countries.!This! is! a! pure! fundraising! role,! which! generally! should! not! involve! project!development!and!followJup.!!!MoE,! representing! the! State! Party! Norway,! here! explicitly! outlines! how! it! sees! NWHF’s!relevance! and! role! in! relation! to! other! Nordic! stakeholders! working! on! WHJrelated!issues.!As!outlined!in!chapter!4.1.4!above,!NWHF!does!not!fill!this!role!as!intended.!!As!NWHF!to!a!small!degree!plays!the!role!of!facilitator!of!engagement!from!Nordic!WHJmilieus!to!WHC!and!WHJrelated!work!in!developing!countries,!NWHF!is!also!to!a!limited!degree! practically! relevant! for! the! State! Party! Norway! (and! Nordic! nonJgovernmental!milieus!working!on!WHJrelated!issues).!!!!!The$Nordic$WH$site$managers$and$network$The! contact! between! World! Heritage! site!managers! (coordinators)!in! the! Nordic!countries! and! NWHF! has! increased! and! become! more! useful! during! the!evaluation!period.!NWHF! is! always! participating! in! the! network! meetings,! usually! with! two! staff!members,! and! has! also! participated! in! the! national! site! manager! meetings.! However,!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!59!there! has! to! a! lesser! extent! been! a! regular! cooperation!with! the! Nordic! Baltic! World!Heritage!Network!and!the!Secretariat!has!not!taken!a!clear!role!within!the!Network.!But!this! har!recently! changed! for! the! better! by! the! foundation’s! involvement! in! the! next!conference! at! Karlskrona!November! 2013!Summarized! the! following! answer! from! the!questionnaire!can!illustrate!this:!”By$ now$ there$ has$ been$ a$ very$ good$ cooperation$ on$ the$ periodic$ reporting$ and$ the$onRgoing$planning$ of$ the$ workshop$ on$ sustainable$ tourism$ in$ November$ 2013.$ I$hope$ there$ will$ be$ other$ formal$ arenas$ to$ develop$ competence$ and$ capacity$ in$cooperation$with$NWHF”$$The! Nordic! WH!network! has!asked! NWHF! several! times! to! have! a! more! active! role!within! the! network! and! Nordic! WH! work.! According! to! one! of! the! informants! the!network! have! asked! the! foundation! for! support! to! establish! funds! and! competences! to!develop! common! Nordic! competence! program!for! site! managers! and! to! professionalize!the!network.!NWHF!found!the!topic!relevant!and!interesting,!but!“could!not!be!a!part!of!the!work”.!Such! an! approach! would! also! be! consistent! with! the! Norwegian! policy!towards!the!coordinators!at!Norwegian!World!Heritage!sites.!!The! sustainable! tourism! program! is! considered! a! good! possibility!for! cooperation!between! NWHF! and! Nordic! WH! actors.! Site! managers! also! mention! that! NWHF! has!informed! them! about! UNESCO!and!WHC,! which!is! important.! Other! answers! indicate!that! NWHF! has! always! been! helpful! in! giving! advise! to! the! site! managers,! but! until! the!Periodic!Reporting!there!was!little!formal!contact!between!the!sites!and!NWHF.!!NonRgovernmental$Nordic$milieus$We! have! attempted! to! map! the! expectations! and! experience! of! relevant! Norwegian! and!Nordic! milieus! working! on! WH! such! as! research! organisations! and! NGOs! (i.e.! outside!government! directorates! and! site! managers).! Based! on! the!response!to! the!questionnaire! and! some! interviews! it! seems! that! few! have! heard! of! or! have! experience!with! working! with! NWHF.! Those! who! have,! express! uncertainty! about! NWHF’s! role! in!the! Nordic! region.!They! do,! however,!acknowledge!the! usefulness! of! such! an!organisation.!Other$Nordic$governments$The! participation! of! staff! from! government! institutions! working! on! WH! issues! in!Denmark,!Finland,!Sweden!and!Iceland!in!the!NWHF!board!helps!ensure!the!relevance!of!NWHF’s! strategy! and! activities! for! these! governments.! The! Nordic! governments! are! all!signatories! to! the! WH! Convention! and! therefore! strategic! goals! and! activities! related! to!implementation! of! the! Convention! (such! as! those! of! the! Alternative! Strategy)! are! by!default!relevant!for!the!Danish,!Finnish,!Icelandic!and!Swedish!governments.!!Minutes! from! board! meetings! and! interviews! with! Nordic! State! Parties! confirm! that!NWHF’s! strategy! and! activities! are! considered! relevant! and! that! there! are! no!apparent!conflicts! between! their! governmental! policies! on! World! Heritage! and/or! development!cooperation! and!NWHF’s! work.18!The! other! Nordic! State! Parties! generally! appreciate!NWHF’s! activities! and! government! agencies! may! make! use! of! NWHF! for! providing!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!18!This!is!primarily!based!on!interviews!with!NWHF!Board!members!from!the!Nordic!countries.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!60!services! such! as! capacity! building! on! periodic! reporting.! However,! the! use! of! NWHF!generally! limits! itself! to! the!use! of! free! of! charge! contributions! from! NWHF.! The! other!Nordic! governments! does! not! sponsor! NWHF! and! generally! does! not! channel! project!funds! related! to! WH! work! in! the! Nordic! region! or! in! developing! countries!through!NWHF,! with! the! exception! of! smaller! fundings! of! meetings! and! some! activities!concerning! Periodic! Reporting.! NWHF! thus! seem! relevant! but! not! very! important! to!other!Nordic!governments.!!!4.2 Effectiveness+In! this! section! we! analyse! to! what! extent! NWHFs! objectives! have! been! achieved,! or! can!be! expected! to! be! achieved.! We! also! assess! NWHF! RBM! system,! which! is! an! important!tool!for!determining!effectiveness.!First,! we! assess! the! degree! to! which! NWHF! has! achieved! the! objectives! described! in!their! mandate!–!have! they! done! what! they! were! supposed! to! do?!Then! we! assess! the!degree! to! which! NWHF! has! achieved! the! objectives! described! in! their! strategy!–!have!they!done!and!achieved!what!they!planned!to?!Finally,!we!assess!the!key!factors!behind!NWHF’s! achievement! and! nonJachievement! of! different! objectives.! This! analysis!indicates! strengths! ands! weaknesses! of! NWHF! that! are! useful! for! the! development! of!recommendations!for!the!future.!4.2.1 Main+achievements+and+correspondence+with+the+objectives+in+the+mandate+What!are!the!major!results!or!achievements!of!NWHF?!Which!changes!in!situation19!has!it! achieved! over! the! period,! and! are! they! in! correspondence! with! obligations! and!expectations?!NWHF’s!results!may!be!divided!in!three!categories:!A. New! WH! sites,! where! NWHF! has! contributed! to! the! nomination! process! through!technical! support,! facilitating! assistance! and! fundraising! from! bilateral! sources.!!B. Adopted! policies,! strategies! and! periodic! reporting! at! WHC,! where! NWHF! has!contributed!to!their!development!and!final!form.!!!C. A!higher!knowledgeJlevel!related!to!Periodic!Reporting,!Sustainable!Tourism!and!C2!Best!Practise!among!WH!stakeholders!(in!the!NordicJBaltic!region!and!among!C2! Institutes! and!Centres),! where! NWHF! has! contributed! with! lectures,! training!and!facilitation!of!processes,!networking!and!fundraising!from!bilateral!sources.!The! first! category! (A)! is! physical.! In! the! evaluation! period,! NWHF! provided! funding! for!the! preparation! of! the! nomination! dossier! Kenya! Lake! System! covering! three! sites! in!Kenya.!The!Kenya!Lake!System!was!included!on!the!WH!list!in!2011.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!19!With! ‘achievement’! or! ‘result’! we! here! mean! results! in! the! sense!of!a! desired! change! in!situation.!As! highlighted! in! UNESCO’s! RMBJsystem,! results! or!outcome! is! the! last! step! of! a!transformative!process,!where!inputs!(human!and!financial!and!institutional!resources)!are!used!to!undertake!interventions!(acts!to!be!undertaken)!leading!to!outputs!(for!instance!workshops)!that!contribute!to!results!J!a!desired!change!of!situation.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!61!The! second! category! (B)! is! related! to! policy.! NWHF! has! provided! support! to! WHC,! with!the! effect! that! certain! policies,! strategies,! programs! (such! as! the! Sustainable! Tourism!Programme)! and! reporting! exercises! at! least! to! some! extent! may! have! achieved! a! form!they! would! not! otherwise! have! had.! As! NWHF! contributions! have! normally! been!through! participation! in! working! groups! and! workshops! it! is,! however,! difficult! to! link!any! specific! developments! directly! to! NWHF.! Especially! with! regards! to! periodic!reporting,!sustainable! tourism,! capacity! building! and! the! C2! strategy,! NWHF! has!engaged! with! the! WHC! consistently! and! over! time.!It! is! however! important! to! note! that!development! of! strategies! and! policies! for! UNESCO! is! the! exclusive! right! of! States!Parties.!The! third! (C)! category! is! related! to! development! of! knowledge.! On! issues! such! as!Periodic! Reporting,! sustainable! tourism! and! C2! Best! Practise,! NWHF! has! been! a!knowledge!hub!contributing!to!knowledge!development!among!relevant!stakeholders.!!The! results! correspond!with! the! overall! contractual! obligations! (Agreement! §7)! to!contribute! to! the! mediumJterm! strategies! of! UNESCO! in! the! implementation! of! the!Convention! and! to! support! the! Secretariat! of! the! Convention! in! its! work! related! to! the!Convention.!The! results! do! not!correspond! with! the! way! the! Agreement! (§7)! stipulates!that!NWHF!shall!work:!!i) Act!as!a!focal!point!bringing!Nordic!countries!together!in!their!collective!attempt!to!fulfil!the!requirements!of!the!Convention!and!its!implementation.!!!ii) Support! the! Secretariat!of! the! Convention! by! facilitating! technical! expertise,!disseminating!information!and!contributing!to!innovative!projects.!!!iii) Mobilize! funds! from! bilateral! and! multilateral! sources! and! private! sources! in! a!coordinated!and!transparent!way!!!iv) and! facilitate! assistance! for! natural! and! cultural! World! Heritage! conservation!efforts!in!developing!countries!in!support!of!the!Convention.!With! regards! to! i),! it! is! not! entirely! clear! what! it! means! to! be! such! a! focal! point.! In! the!areas! of! Sustainable! Tourism! and! Periodic! Reporting,! NWHF! has! clearly! worked! on! a!Nordic! level! and! provided! support!to! WH! site! managers!leading! to! a! higher! knowledgeJlevel! among! stakeholders! (ref.! C! above).!).! It! would,! however,! seem! that! the! foundation!falls! short! of! the!objective! “bringing! the!Nordic! countries! together! in! their! collective!attempt”!to!fulfil!the!WH!Convention.!Rather!than!being!a!hub!systematically!working!to!bring!Nordic!countries!together!and!release!potential!synergies!between!the!parties,!the!foundation! primarily! provides! knowledge! of! certain! topics! to! Nordic! government!institutions! and! site! managers,! including! facilitating! seminars! on! these! topics.!The!foundation!has!also!not!been!able!to!do!coordinated!fundraising!on!a!Nordic!level.!!With!regards!to!ii),!NWHF!has!provided!support!to!WHC!(ref.!B!above).!This!has!mainly!taken! the! form! of! providing! their! own! competence! and! work! capacity,! and! not! by!facilitating!the!use!of!expertise!from!the!Nordic!countries!as!stipulated.!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!62!With! regards! to! iii),! NWHF! has! been! able! to! mobilize! funds! from! bilateral! (mainly!Norwegian)! sources! (ref.! A! and! C! above)! but! not! from! multilateral! or! private! sources.!There!are!no!results!related!to!development!of!publicJprivate!partnerships!for!WH.!!With!regards! to! iv),! NWHF! has! facilitated! assistance! for! WH! conservation! efforts!through! the! involvement! of! the! Norwegian! Environment! Agency! in! one! fieldJoriented!project!(the!recent!Inle!Lake!project!in!Myanmar).!NWHF! has! to! a! limited!degree! lived! up! to! the! role! stipulated! in! the! Agreement! §7! (ref.!4.1.4!above)!and!NWHF’s!results!to!a!low!degree!match!the!objectives!of!the!Agreement.!!!4.2.2 Achievement+of+the+objectives+in+the+strategy+We! here! assess! the! extent! to! which! NWHF! has! reached! the! Strategic! Objectives! and!Approaches!stated!in!the!Alternative!Strategy.!Strategic+objectives+The! Strategic! Objectives!with! reference! to! the! indicators! provided! in! the! strategy,!are!presented!in!table!4.2.!Table!4.2'NWHF’s' strategic' objectives' with' indicators,' as' listed' in' the' Alternative'strategy'Strategic!Objective!(SO)!Indicators!1.1!Promote!sustainable!development!through!tourism:!J cooperation!with!UNESCOJWHC,!C2!Centres!and!other!international!partners!J Development!of!a!WH!and!Sustainable!Tourism!Community!of!Best!Practice!utilizing!new!and!innovative!technology!to!promote!information!sharing,!communication!and!cooperation!among!WH!stakeholders!in!the!NordicJBaltic!region!(incl.!the!Artic).!J Establishment!of!tools!/!networks!/!platforms!meeting!stakeholders’!needs.!J Revision!of!Operational!Guidelines!to!include!references!to!sustainable!tourism!J Sustainable!Tourism!included!in!WH!Sites’!management!plan!1.2!Strengthen!the!Periodic!Reporting!Tool!J Assist!the!NordicJBaltic!State!Parties!through!coordination!of!the!Periodic!Reporting!J Provide!assistance!for!Africa!and!the!Pacific!together!with!Africa!Unit!and!Asia/Pacific!Unit!of!WHC!and!C2!Centres!incl.!AWHF!and!WHITRAP!J PR!exercise!performed!according!to!objectives!and!schedules!J States!PartyJ,!Focal!PointJ!and!Site!manager!level!participation!and!coherence!J Increased!capacities!at!States!PartyJ!and!Category!2!Centres!level!1.3!Implementation$of$the$UNESCO$Integrated$Comprehensive$Strategy$for$C2$Centres$and$Institutes:$J Establishment!of!network!and!resource!pool!among!WH!C2!Centres!J NordicJBaltic!visibility!within!UNESCO!and!C2!network!J Development!of!operational!MoUs/LoIs!(incl.!WH!and!ST)!J Shared!activities!and!programmes!J Exchange!programmes!$With! regards! to!SO! 1.1:!Promote! sustainable! development! through! tourism,! the!Report$ on$ NWHF$ Biennial$ Work$ Plan$ 2012R2013!(Work.Doc.! 04/13)! to! the! board! (5!March! 2013)! lists! NWHF’s! main! outputs! and! activities! related! to! this! point! (here!summarized):!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!63!J Support! to! the! WHC! to! develop! a!Programme$ on$ World$ Heritage$ and$ Sustainable$Tourism,!beginning!in!2010!and!which!was!adopted!in!June!2012.!!!J The! NordicJBaltic! workshop! on! World! Heritage,! Tourism! and! Development,! was!held!in!Visby,!Sweden!October!2010.!!!!!J Developed! the! Project! “Towards!a! NordicJBaltic! pilot! region! for! World! Heritage!and! Sustainable! Tourism”! (2013J2015),! with! an! aim! to! “develop! an! approach! for!better! generating! and! assessing! information”! related! to! tourism! and! WH!properties.! The! project! has! received! CHD! 26! 000! from! the! Swiss! Government.!!J Presented!outcomes!from!the!Visby!conference!and!the!Røros!conference!“Living!with! World! Heritage”! at! the!World$ Heritage$ and$ Sustainable$ Development$ Forum!in! Guizhou,! China! June! 2012.! The! Nordic! outcomes! were! reflected! in! the!recommendations!from!the!forum!in!Guizhou.!!!J Through! the! membership! in! the! Global! Sustainable! Tourism! Council! (GSTC),!NWHF!attended!the!GSTC!Annual!Meeting!in!Washington!D.C.!in!September!2002.!!With! regards! to! SO! 1.1! (ref.! table! 4.2),! NWHF! has! in! the! evaluation! period!been!cooperating! with! the! WHC! and! international! partners! (GSTC)! on! sustainable! tourism!issues.!NWHF!has!been!cooperating!with!other!C2s!on!this!issue,!AWHF!and!WHITRJAP.!With! regards! to! “Development! of! a! WH! and! Sustainable! Tourism! Community! of! Best!Practice! utilizing! new! and! innovative! technology! to! promote! information! sharing,!communication! and! cooperation! among! WH! stakeholders! in! the! NordicJBaltic! region!(incl.!the!Arctic)”,!this!is!not!achieved,!but!may!be!underway!with!the!project!“Towards!a!NordicJBaltic!pilot!region!for!World!Heritage!and!Sustainable!Tourism”.!The!limited!and!concrete!ST!pilot!project!in!the!Nordic!Baltic!region!seems!to!be!a!relevant!exercise!with!good!possibilities!to!obtain!relevant!outputs.!Considering! the! SO! 1.1! indicators,! NWHF!has! not! yet! established! easily! identifiable! or!formal! tools/networks/platforms! meeting! stakeholder’s! needs! in! the! area,! but! this! may!be! underway! with! the! project! “Towards! a! NordicJBaltic! pilot! region! for! World! Heritage!and! Sustainable! Tourism”.! It! is! unclear! (and! not! reported! on)! whether! a! revision! of!Operation! Guidelines! to! include! references! to! sustainable! tourism! has! taken! place,! or!whether!sustainable!tourism!has!been!included!in!WH!sites’!management!plans.!!The! SA! 1.1! with! indicators! notes! that! NWHF! shall! support! the! NordicJBaltic! states! and!be! the! “preferred! partner”! in! WH! activities! in! the! region.! It! seems! clear! that! NWHF! has!provided! Nordic! State! Parties! with! assistance! related! to! sustainable! tourism! (ref.! the!Visby! seminar).! In! interviews,! stakeholders! generally! acknowledge! that! NWHF! have! a!role! in! the! field.! In! the! questionnaire! 4! of! 8! WH! site! managers! answered! that! they! have!been! cooperating! with! NWHF! on! sustainable! tourism.! This! hardly! seems! to! amount! to!being!a!“preferred!partner”,!however.!!NWHF$has$ clearly$ carried$ out$ relevant$ work$ related$ to$ SO$ 1.1$ in$ the$ period.$ When$compared$against$the$SO$indicators,$which$show$that$the$purpose$of$work$is$supposed$to$be$changes$ at$ site$ level,$ actual$ achievement$ so$ far$ seem$ unclear$(which$ partly$ could$ be$explained$by$project$being$in$an$early$implementation$phase).$$

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!64!With!regards!to!SO!1.2:!Strengthen!the!Periodic!Reporting!Tool,!the!Report$on$NWHF$Biennial$ Work$ Plan$ 2012R2013!to! the! board! (5! March! 2013)! lists! NWHF’s! main! outputs!and!activities!related!to!this!point!(here!summarized):!J NWHF! was! mandated! to! act! as! the! Focal! Point,! facilitator! and! coordinator! of! the!2nd!cycle! of! PR! in! the! NordicJBaltic! subJregion! at! a! State! Part! meeting! in!Stockholm,!9!December!2012.!(ref.!Work.!Doc.!04/13,!p.!4)20!!!J NWHF! is! promoting! the! NordicJBaltic! network! model! for! implementation! of! the!PR!exercise!in!Europe,!where!a!“train!the!trainers”!approach!to!capacity!building!is! utilized.! This! approach! was! utilized! in! a! PR! meeting! in! Reykjavik! in! October!2011,! where! two! European! subJregions! were! gathered! at! a! PR! capacity! building!for!the!first!time.!NWHF!also!took!part!in!planning!and!gave!a!presentation!at!the!PR! meeting! for! the! Western,! Mediterranean! and! NordicJBaltic! subJregions! in!Europe!in!Berlin,!September!2012.!!!!!J The! 2nd!cycle! of! PR! in! Europe! was! launched! in! 2012! and! NWHF! the! same! year!facilitated,! organized! and! supported! a! number! of! capacityJbuilding! initiatives! in!the! NordicJBaltic! region! at! both! regional,! national! and! site! manager! levels.! This!includes! lectures! or! workshops! in! Denmark! (1),! Finland! (2),! Norway! (1)! and!Sweden!(2).!!!J An! application! for! network! support! towards! a! threeJyear! capacityJbuilding!programme! meeting! the! needs! identified! through! PR! at! national! and! site! levels,!will! be! submitted! to! KK! Nord! (Nordic! Council! of! Minister’s! Culture! Programme).!!J Upon! request! from! WHC,! NWHF! provided! technical! assistance! to! the! Africa! Unit!at! WHC! with! facilitation! of! regional! and! subJregional! capacity! building! meetings,!data! analysis! and! drafting! of! the! Periodic! Report!for! Africa,! and! also! contributed!to!the!development!of!the!Action!Plan!adopted!by!UNESCO.!!!!J NWHF!was!further!engaged!in!developing!a!project!with!AWHF!and!WHC/P/AFR!on! followJup! of! PR! through! the! regional! Action! Plan! for! Africa.! The! project! was!supported!with!NOK!10!million!from!the!Norwegian!MFA!in!2012,!for!the!period!2012J2015.!!With! regards! to! SO! 1.2! (ref.! table! 4.2),! NWHF! has! in! the! evaluation! period! assisted!NordicJBaltic! state! parties! as! well! as! WHC! and! the! Africa! Unit.! When! considering! the!indicators,! we! have! not! seen! any! proper! assessment! of! degree! of! achievement.!According!to!our!general!knowledge,!however,!it!would!seem!that!the!PR!exercise!in!the!NordicJBaltic! region! is! performed! according! to! objectives! and! schedules,! that! State!Parties,! focal! point! and! site! manager! level! are! participating! in! a! coherent! manner,! and!that!increased!capacity!has!been!fostered!at!State!Party!institutions!as!well!at!Site!level.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!20!!The! meeting! in! Stockholm! was! organized! by! the! Nordic! World! Heritage! Foundation! (NWHF)! and! hosted! by! the!Swedish! National! Heritage! Board.! Representatives! of! all! the! NordicJBaltic! countries! except! Iceland! and! Latvia!attended! the! event.! The! text! from! the! minutes! of! the! meeting! in! Stockholm! says:! ”The! States! Parties! expressed!their! support! for! the! Nordic! World! Heritage! Foundation’s! (NWHF)! engagement!towards! the! NordicJBaltic! subJregion! and! for! offering! to! coordinate! and! assist! in! the! upcoming! Periodic! Reporting! (PR)! exercise.! The! States!Parties! decided! that! the! NWHF! shall! continue! its! efforts! and! coordinate! and! assist! the! subJregion! with! the! future!PR!exercise,!and!prepare!the!subJregional!synthesis!reports.“

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!65!With! regards! to! C2!Centres,! NWHF’s! work! has! clearly! contributed! to! increased! capacity!at! AWHF.! With! regards! to! the! indicators! for! the! strategic! approaches,! it! is! not!documented! that! NWHF! is! the! preferred! partner! for! Nordic! institutions! when! it! comes!to!the!issue!of!Periodic!Reporting!The$NWHF$degree$of$achievement$for$SO$1.2$appears$to$be$high,$but$the$degree$of$success$is$difficult$ to$ measure$ clearly$ and$ suggested$ indicators$ have$so$ far$not$ been$ properly$reported$on.$$With! regards! to!SO! 1.3:! Implementation! of! the! UNESCO! Integrated! Comprehensive!Strategy!for!C2!Centres!and!Institutes,!the!Report$on$NWHF$Biennial$Work$Plan$2012R2013!to! the! board! (5! March! 2013)! lists! NWHF’s! main! outputs! and! activities! related! to!this! point! (summarized! below,! as! described! in! the! work! plan),! as! well! as! some! nonJrelated!outputs!and!activities!(not!summarized!below):!J NWHF! prepared! a! Progress! Report! on! the! eight! WHJrelated! C2!Centres! and!Institutes,! ref.! the! Guidelines! and! criteria! for! C2! Institutes! and!Centres! (35/CC),!which!were!presented!to!the!WH!Committee!in!St.!Petersburg!in!2012.!A!specific!report! on! the! progress! made! on! the! implementation! of! this! Capacity! Building!Strategy,! incl.! reference! to! C2!Centres! and! Institutes,! was! also! provided! to! the!committee.!!!J NWHF! participated! in! the! first! annual! meeting! of! C2!Centres! and! institutes!working!on!WH!issues!in!2010!in!Bahrain,!in!the!second!meeting!in!Italy!in!2012!and!hosted!the!third!meeting!in!Oslo!in!March!2013.!The!Norwegian!Government!funded!the!third!meeting.!!!J NWHF! has! MoUs/LoIs! with! AWHF,! WHITRJAP! and! ARCJWH! (Arab! Regional!Centre!for! World! Heritage)! and! cooperation! has! included! concrete! conceptJ!and!project! development/exploration,! institutional! development! and! observer! status!at!the!BoD!(AWHF,!ARCJWH).!!!!J NWHF! has! in! close! cooperation! with! WH!Centre,! shared! experiences! and!knowledge!as!well!as!provided!informal!advice!to!C2!Centres.!!!!J NWHF! and! AWHF! carried! out! an! exchange! programme! in! the! period! 2010J2012,!to! strengthen! the! partnership! and! institutional! capacity.! The! programme! was!facilitated! by! FK! Norway! (Fredskorpset)! and! funded! by! the! Norwegian! MFA.!NWHF! explored! the! possibility! of! including! southJsouth! exchange! (AWHF!–!WHITRJAP)! in! a! next! phase! of! the! programme,! but! the! application! to! FK! Norway!was!unexpectedly!declined!due!to!a!change!of!policy!at!FK!Norway.21!With! regards! to! SO! 1.3! (ref.! table! 4.2),! NWHF! has! in! the! evaluation! period! assisted!UNESCO! and! C2! Institutes! and!Centres! in! implementation! of! the! UNESCO! C2! strategy!(35/CC).! NWHF! has! also! played! a! role! in! establishing! a! network! of! C2!Centres! working!on! WH.! The! extent! to! which! this! network! can! be! considered!a! resource! pool,! where! the!different! C2!Centres! actively! use! each! other,! is! difficult! to! estimate;! such! integrated!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!21!!FK! Norway! decided! to! end! the! cooperation! due! to! new! priorities! and! guidelines! limiting! participation! to!organisations!with!more!than!five!permanent!employees.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!66!cooperation! would! normally! require! time! and! maturation! beyond! the! few! years! the!network! has! existed.! With! regards! to! the! indicators,! NWHF! has,! primarily! through! its!own! activities,! secured! NordicJBaltic! visibility! within! UNESCO! and! the! C2! network.!Operational! MoUs/LoIs! are! in! place,! but! real! cooperation! on! activities,! projects! and!exchange!programmes!have!mainly!taken!place!with!AWHF.!!The$ NWHF$ degree$ of$ achievement$ for$ SO$ 1.3$ is$ high$ when$ one$ considers$ the$ indicators.$However,$the$indicators$are$very$general$and$are$not$qualitative$in$nature.$NWHF$is$clearly$helping$ to$ implement$ elements$ of$ the$ strategy,$ but$ the$ effect$ this$ has$ on$ the$ involved$C2s$and,$ultimately,$on$the$performance$of$the$involved$C2s$is$not$clear.$$Strategic+approach+The! Strategic! Approach! with! reference! to! the! indicators! provided! in! the! strategy,! are!presented!in!table!4.3.!Table!4.3''NWHF’s' strategic' approach' with' indicators,' as' listed' in' the'Alternative'Strategy'Strategic!Approach!(SA)!Indicators!1.1$Support$NordicRBaltic$States$Parties$(technical$and$conceptual$support$within$NWHF$fields$of$competencies).$J NWHF!preferred!partner!in!WH!activities!in!the!region!1.2$Coordinated$activities$with$other$Conventions$and$NGOs:$J Activities!with!other!UNJinitiatives!and!programmes!such!as!cooperation!with!UNEP/GRIDJArendal!in!the!Arctic!region.!$J Development!of!operational!MoUs/LoIs!J Collaboration!on!projects/funding.!1.3$Development$of$PrivateRPublic$Partnerships:!J Explore!opportunities!and!initiate!operational!partnerships!with!private!sector!such!as!UNF!cooperation!on!selected!activities!J Engagement!of!tourism!industry!in!relation!to!WH!processes!J Development! of! operational!MoUs/LoIs!J Collaboration!on!projects/funding!!With!regards!to!the!Strategic!Approaches,!we!have!already!mentioned!SA!1.1!Support$to$NordicRBaltic$State$Parties!above.!!With! regards! to! SA! 1.2!Coordinated$ activities$ with$ other$ Conventions$ and$ NGOs!(such! as!UNEP/GRIDJArendal! in! the! Arctic! region),! such! activities! seem! not! really! to! have! taken!place! during! the! period! in! question.! The! indicators! here! mention! MoUs/LoIs! with! such!stakeholders! and! collaboration! on! projects/fundraising.! We! have! not! found! any!MoUs/LoIs! or! joint! attempts! to! develop! projects! and! fundraise! in! the! period.! SA! 1.3!Development$ of$ PrivateRPublic$ Partnerships!involves! developing! cooperation! with! the!private!sector! on! WH! related! activities,! such! as! engagement! of! the! tourism! industry.!Here! also! the! indicators! are! MoUs/LoIs! with! such! stakeholders! and! cooperation! on!concrete! projects.! We! have! not! found! any! MoUs/LoIs! or! joint! attempts! to! develop!projects!and!raise!funds!in!the!period.!The$NWHF$degree$of$achievement$for$SA$1.1$is$high$with$relation$to$Periodic$Reporting$and$sustainable$tourism.$

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!67!The$ NWHF$ degree$ of$ achievement$ for$ SA$ 1.2$ is$ low,$ when$ considering$ the$ potential$example$provided$and$the$indicators.$The$NWHF$degree$of$achievement$for$SA$1.3$is$low,$when$considering$the$indicators.$Concerning! achievement! of! the! objectives! in! the! strategy,! it! is!generally!difficult! to! see!concrete! results.! This! is! partly! related! to! the! objectives! and! indicators! often! being!very!general!in!nature!and!not!very!precise.!Moreover,!reporting!on!indicators!is!weak.!4.2.3 Strengths:+Major+factors+behind+NWHF’s+achievements+Irrespective! of! what! NWHF’s! mandate! and! strategy! says! about! objectives,! NWHF! has!accomplished! a! number! of! achievements.! Expanding! on! the! list! in! chapter! 4.2.1,! we!consider!the!main!achievements!to!be:!!• NWHF! has! contributed! to! the! implementation! of! the! mediumJterm! strategies! of!UNESCO! in! implementation! of! the! WH! Convention! and! has! provided! valued!support!to!the!WHC!!!• NWHF! has! supported! NordicJBaltic! stakeholders! in! WHJwork! with! reference! to!Periodic!Reporting!and!sustainable!tourism!!!• NWHF!has!supported!C2s!through!capacityJbuilding!activities,!direct!cooperation!and!fundraising!!!• NWHF! has! contributed! to! secure! funding! from! the! Norwegian! MFA! to! WH!projects!in!developing!countries!!Based!on!available!documentation!and!interviews,!we!consider!the!major!factors!behind!NWHF’s!achievements!in!these!areas!to!be;!!• InJdepth!knowledge!and!understanding!of!WHJrelated!processes!in!UNESCO!• Extensive!network!and!good!standing!within!the!UNESCOJsystem!• Competent!staff!with!strong!networking!skills!• Understanding! of! Norwegian! development! policy! and! the! priorities! of! the!Norwegian!MFA!InRdepth$knowledge$and$understanding$of$WHRrelated$processes$in$UNESCO$NWHF! has! over! a! number! of! years! had! close! contact! with! the! WH!Centre!on! issues! of!periodic!reporting,!sustainable!tourism,!the!capacity!building!strategy,!and!also!with!the!Africa! and! Pacific! desks.! In! periods,! NWHF! staff! has! been! engaged! in! intense!collaboration! with! WHC! staff,! something! that! has! led! to! mutual! trust! and! a! high! degree!of!understanding!of!the!priorities!and!practical!restrictions!in!WHJwork!seen!from!WHC.!NWHF! has! participated! in! strategy! development! processes! in! WHC! and! at! least! in! one!case! contributed! to! documents! (Programme! on! Sustainable! Tourism)! that! have! been!adopted! by! the! WH! Committee.! This! would! not! have! been! possible! without! inJdepth!knowledge!and!understanding!of!WHJrelated!processes!in!UNESCO..!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!68!Extensive$network$and$good$standing$within$WHC$NWHF!was!the!first!C2!Centre!to!be!established!and!the!NWHF!director!has!consistently!worked! with! WH! issues! and! WHCJcooperation! for! almost! 20! years.! Combined! with! a!positive!track!record!of!contribution!to!the!WHC,!this!has!contributed!to!NWHF!having!a!high! standing! in! UNESCO! and! WHC! and! an! extensive! personal! network! of! contacts.! In! a!complex! organisation! like! UNESCO,! a! refined! understanding! of! the! internal! political!dynamics! and! which! people! within! UNESCO! are! important! in! which! contexts,! is! very!helpful! when! trying! to! leverage! projects! and! cooperation.! Many! stakeholders! have! in!interviews! confirmed! that! NWHF! has! a! very! good! network! within! UNESCO! and! a! high!standing! at! WHC.! The! recent! MyanmarJproject! is! an! example! of! NWHF! being! able! to!facilitate!design!and!provide!a!rationale!for!a!field!project!on!short!notice,!by!leveraging!its!network!in!Norway,!at!WHC!in!Paris!as!well!as!the!global!UNESCO!network.!Professional$staff$with$strong$network$skills$NWHF! has! a! small! secretariat.! Stakeholders! consistently! underline! in! interviews! that!NWHF! staff! is! professional! although! not! being! experts! on! specific! WH! issues,! skilful! in!handling! the! complexities! of! the! UNESCO! system,! flexible! and! deliver! on! time!–!in! spite!of! being! stretched.! The! staff! has!also! proved! to! have! network! skills! and! intercultural!understanding,!something!that!is!crucial!in!order!to!enable!smooth!cooperation!with!the!stakeholders! within! the! UNESCO! system.! The! staff! skills! are! an! important! factor! in! the!achievement!of!major!objectives!and!targets.!Understanding$of$Norwegian$development$policy$and$priorities$of$Norwegian$MFA$NWHF!has!successfully!contributed!to!secure!funds!from!the!Norwegian!Government!for!a! number! of! projects,! such! as! support! to! participation! of! representatives! of!developing!countries!at!WH!meetings!(from!a!grant!MoE!distributes),!staff!exchanges!with!other!C2s!(AWHF),!and!three!+1!million!NOK!projects!in!developing!countries.!The!ability!to!frame!WHJwork! within! the! context! of! Norwegian! development! policy! and! the! priorities! of!MFA,!have!probably!been!important!to!achieve!this.!4.2.4 Weaknesses:+Major+factors+behind+NWHF’s+nonPachievements++NWHF’s!nonJachievement!of!objectives!may!briefly!be!summarised!as!follows:!• NWHF! has! not! been! a! Nordic! Focal! point! that! broadly! and!systematically! brings!the!Nordic!countries!together!to!enhance!WHJwork!in!the!region!!!• NWHF! has! not! facilitated! the! use! of! Nordic! experts! in! UNESCO! processes! or! in!WHJrelated!projects!in!developing!countries!!!• NWHF! has! not! mobilized! bilateral! resources!from! other! Nordic! countries,!multilateral!resources!or!private!resources!for!WHJwork!in!developing!countries.!Based!on!available!documentation!and!interviews,!we!consider!the!major!factors!behind!NWHF’s!lack!of!success!in!these!areas!to!be:!!• Lack!of!skills!and!experience!to!be!a!Nordic!focal!point!!!• Too!ambitious!work!scope!• Lack!of!fundraising!skills!and!network!• The!present!European!Economic!crisis!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!69!Lack$of$skills$and$experience$to$be$a$Nordic$focal$point$in$a$broad$sense$$$With!the!exception!of!the!director,!the!staff!has!little!previous!work!experience!with!WH!issues!in!a!Nordic!context.!In!order!to!be!a!Nordic!focal!point!for!WH!in!the!region!in!the!sense! described! by! the! MoE,! it! would! be!useful!to! have!many! years! of!handsJon! work!experience!from!Nordic!organisations! working! on! WH! issues!and! strong! networks!among!the!relevant!experts.!Generally!speaking,!NWHF!staff!does!not!have!this.!It!would!also! probably! be! helpful! if! the! secretariat! had! a! more! Nordic! profile,! for! instance! by!employing! staff! from! different! Nordic! countries,! which! would! have! complementary!national!networks.!!Too$ambitious$work$scope$for$a$small$secretariat$NWHF’s! strategy! outlines! an! ambitious! scope! of! work,! with! the! NordicJBaltic! region,!Africa!and!the!Pacific!being!prioritised!regions,!and!in!addition!support!to!WHC!in!Paris!and!other!C2s!is!a!priority.!The!current!scope!of!work!appear!too!broad!for!NWHF!to!be!able! to! deliver! on! all! the! main! objectives! and! targets! with! a! secretariat! of! (at! present)!three! people.! The! mandate! stipulates! NWHF’s! roles! to! be! a! coordinator! (Nordic! focal!point),! facilitator! and! fundraiser,! which! better! fits! a! secretariat! of! 3J4! experienced! staff.!Several!stakeholders,!in!Norway!and!abroad,!have!pointed!out!that!NWHF!could!achieve!more! if! they! to! a! less! extent! involved! their! own! staff! directly! in! projects! and! processes,!and!to!a!larger!extent!facilitated!engagement!of!experts!from!Nordic!milieus.!Lack$of$fundraising$skills$and$network$Fundraising! is! a! pronounced! issue! in! the! agreement,! and! an! issue! where! NWHF! to! a!limited! extent! has! followedJup! outside! a! Norwegian! government! context! (MFA).! If!NWHF! is! to! be! a! professional! fundraising! organisation,! raising! funds! from! bilateral,!multilateral!and!private!sources,!this!requires!a!specific!kind!of!competence.!Fundraising!skills!typically!involve!a)!ability!to!do!current!and!prospective!donor!research,!b)!ability!to! initiate! and! develop! relationships! with! existing! and! potential! donors,! c)! ability! to!present!a!compelling!case!taking!into!account!donor!priorities!while!upholding!the!core!purpose,! d)! ability! to! contribute! at! the! strategic! level! to! the! development! of! one’s!organisation! so! as! to! ensure! fundraising! perspectives! are! included! in! plans! and!activities,!and!e)!ability!to!ensure!transparency!and!accountability!as!well!as!motivating!communication! towards! donor! stakeholders! and! other! interested! parties.! Current!NWHF!staff!to!a!limited!extent!possesses!such!skills!and/or!a!track!record!of!such!work.!Moreover,! if! NWHF! is! to! be! a! professional! fundraising! organisation,! the! foundation!would!need!at!least!one!fullJtime!person!with!these!types!of!skills!and!a!track!record,!as!well!as!strong!insight!into!WH!issues!and!a!relevant!Nordic!network.!The$present$European$Economic$crisis$According!to!the!foundation!fundraising!has!been!difficult!during!the!last!period!because!of! the! economic! situation! in! Europe.!Accordingly! fundraising! has! not! been! among! the!foundation’s! priorities! during! the! last! period.!If! this! is! just! an! opinion! from! the!foundation! or! actually! based!on! their! experience!with!fundraising! is! unclear.! According!to! MoE! fundraising! from! private! funds! and! foundations! have! increased! in! countries!more!heavily!stricken!by!the!crisis!than!the!Nordic!countries,!indicating!that!fundraising!not!necessarily!had!been!more!difficult!in!later!years.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!70!4.2.5 Adequacy+ of+ RBM+ framework+ and+ associated+ indicators+ for+ assessing+effectiveness++The! philosophy! of! Result! Based! Management! is! to! increase! the! focus! on! outcomes!(results),! i.e.,!the! change! one! wants! to! achieve,! and! avoid! being! caught! up! in!implementation! of! activities! while! loosing! track! of! the! purpose! and! whether! that!purpose! is! achieved.! As! highlighted! in! UNESCO’s!RBMJsystem,! the! outcome! or!result! is!the! last! step! of! a! transformative! process,! where! inputs! (human! and! financial! and!institutional! resources)! are! used! to! undertake! interventions! (acts! to! be! undertaken)!leading! to! outputs! (for! instance! workshops)! that! contribute! to! outcomes!J!a! desired!change!of!situation.!A!RBM!system!should!ideally! describe! the! change! one! wants! to! achieve! in! a! way! that! is!SMART! (Specific,! Measurable,! Achievable,! Relevant,! TimeJbound).! Activities! should!contribute! to!making!this! change! take!place! at! a! certain! point! in! time.! At! regular!intervals,!the!organisation!should!evaluate!progress!(using!indicators)!and!the!extent!to!which!activities! and!outputs! still! can! be! considered! sufficient! to! reach! the! desired!outcome.!If!not,!activities!should!be!adjusted!accordingly.!!With! limited! resources! it! becomes! especially! important! to! have! a! wellJfunctioning!RBM!system.!As! described! in! chapter! 2.6.2!NWHF! established! a! rather! ambitious! RBM!framework! in! 2010! in! connection! with! the! Alternative! Strategy.! The! RBM! framework!describes! Goal,! Baseline/Problem,! Outcome,! Result! Indicators,! Monitoring! Mechanisms!&!Information!Sources,!and!Assumptions/risks!for!all!Strategic!Objectives.!!Although! the! Alternative! Strategy! and! the! management! system!are! based! on! a! RBM!approach,!it!does!not,!yet,!fully!comply!with!RBM:!!• It! is! unclear! precisely! what! it! is! that! NWHF! wants! to! achieve! with! regards! to!sustainable! tourism,! Periodic! Reporting! and! C2!Centres! by! 2014,! as! the!goals!for!these! objectives! often! are! described! in! rather! vague! terms.!For! instance! the! goal!for! SO! 1.1A! (provide! technical! assistance! and! promote! collaboration! between!UNESCOJWHC,! C2s! and! other! international! and! NordicJBaltic! partners,!supporting! UNESCOJWHC´s! Programme! on!World!Heritage! and!Sustainable!Tourism)!is! “Sustainable! development! through! World! Heritage!&! Sustainable!Tourism”.!This!goal!is!a!very!ambitious,!and!in!many!respects!difficult!to!measure.!In! addition! the! possible! impact! NWHF! can! have! on! such! a! development! is!probably! small,! as! it! is! highly! dependent! on! several!other! actors.! NWHFs! role! in!possible!achievement!is!not!always!clear.!!!• The!baseline$or$ problem!is!mostly! a! qualitative! description,! making! it! difficult! to!assess! changes,! but! on! the! other! hand! most! of! the! problems! are! difficult! to!describe!in!more!quantitative!terms.!!!!• Several!of!the!result$indicators!are!SMART,!like!“Operative!MoUs!between!NWHF,!C2s! and! other! relevant! stakeholders! on! promotion! of! WH&ST”!(SO! 1.1A),!“Five!workshops! conducted,! providing! clear! recommendations”!(SO! 1.2B),! and!“RBM!Frameworks!developed!at!all!C2s”!(SO!1.3).!These!are!specific!and!measurable,!as!indicators! should! be.! At! other! times! indicators! are! more! vague! and! not!quantified,! referring! to! “increased! capacities”,! “participation”! or! “reflected! in”.! It!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!71!seems! that! for! SO! 1.2! (Periodic! Reporting)! the! indicators! are! generally! more!SMART!than!for!the!two!other!strategic!objectives.!!The! formulation! of! the! Strategic! Objectives! contains! formulations! like! “cooperation!with”,!“development!of”,!“provide!assistance”,!“establish!network”,!with!no!milestones!in!the! form! of!deadlines! or! precise! quantification! of! what! this! is! supposed! to! amount! to! in!terms! of! content.! In! theory! “providing! assistance”! can! mean! anything! from! answering!phone! calls! on! a! certain! topic,! to! developing! comprehensive! tools! for! a! certain!stakeholder!group.!!!!The! reports! to! the! Board!from! the! secretariat! since! 2010!all!contains!a! list! of! activities!and! rationale! for! those! activities,!but! does! not! refer!directly!to! the! indicators!from!the!RBM! Framework.! A! description! of! progress! with! regards! to! the! indicators! is! not!provided! at! regular! intervals,! and! degree! of! progress! with! relation! to! stated! indicators!(such!as!“sustainable!tourism!included!in!WH!sites’!management!plans”)!is!not!reflected!upon.!Normally,! a! system! should! describe! how! and! when! one! regularly!measures! the!degree! of! progress! using! the! indicators.! The! RBM! Framework! describes! monitoring!mechanisms!and!information!sources,!but!these!are!not!clear!cut,!and!do!to!some!extent!seem!like!indicators!rather!than!mechanisms!and!sources!(like!“Presentation!to!the!WH!Committee”! and! “launch!in!Japan! in! November! 2012”).!As! mentioned! in! chapter! 2,!NWHF! has! recently! worked! out! a! strategy! for! Monitoring! and! Evaluation! that,! if!implemented! properly,! can! remedy! this! weakness.!This! strategy! adopts! a! three! level!monitoring!approach:!Programme!performance!(for!complex!programmes!that!NWHF!is!involved! in),! Strategic! and! catalytic! performance! (assessment! of! the! efficiency! and!effectiveness!of! the! secretariat,! UNESCO! and! partners),!and! Programme! achievement!(assess!NWHFs!contribution!to!changes!in!the!WH!system).!!NWHF’s! purported! RBM! system! is! not! fully! in! place,! and! there! is! a! risk! that! the!present!RBMJsystem!obscure!NWHF’s!accountability.!When!the!strategy!for!instance!uses!vague!formulations!such!as!“provide!assistance”!and!“increase!capabilities”,!it!is!difficult!to!say!that! the! foundation! is! not! achieving! its! strategy! as! long! as! it! is! keeping! some! activity!going! on! the! relevant! issues.!Considering! that! NWHF! has! been! working! with!the! RBM!system!since! 2010,! and! also! helps/trains! other! C2s! on! RBM!(although! assisted! by! the!Bureau! of! Strategic! Planning! in! UNESCO),! the! identified! weaknesses!can! be! viewed! as!critical.!On!the!other!hand,!being!a!small!organisation!it!is!understandable!that!the!RBM!Framework!is!being!developed!over!time.!!4.3 Efficiency++In! this! section! we! analyse!whether! the! results! of! NWHF! are! being! achieved! in! a! costJeffective! manner! and! if! the! organisation! of! NWHF! is! efficient.! We! first! consider! the!operations! of! the! secretariat,! the! efficiency! of! the! work! towards! the! mandate,! and! the!extent! that! NWHF! is! actually! known! among! its! stakeholders.! Then! we! address! more!formal! aspects,! such! as! the! institutional! setJup,! funding! arrangements! and!resource!implications!for!WHC!of!interacting!with!NWHF.!4.3.1 +The+operations+of+the+secretariat+By! 2013,! the! secretariat! consists! of!three! persons;! the! director! and! two! advisors! with!primary! responsibility! for! Sustainable! Tourism! (ST)! and! Periodic! Reporting! (PR),!respectively.! As! NWHF! is! a! small! organisation,! all! staff! carries! out! tasks! according! to!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!72!need! in! addition! to! carrying! out! core! responsibilities.! The! working! culture! is! informal!and! based! on! mutual! trust! and! communication! on! a! needJtoJknow! basis.! The! director!delegates! responsibility! for! main! areas! of! work! to! the! advisors,! who! leads! the! work! on!the!issue!and!checks!up!with!the!director!on!different!issues!that!may!arise,!according!to!need.! This! model! is! reported! to! work! efficiently! and! well,! by! internal! staff! as! well! as!external! stakeholders.! The! secretariat! has! weekly! (office)! meetings,! and!projects/professional! meetings! as! needed.! The! Director! in! addition! has!continuous!contact!with!the!Chair!of!the!Board.!!The!main!ways!the!secretariat!works!may!be!summarized!as!follows:!• General! participation! and! contribution! in! relevant! meetings! and! processes!related! to! WHJissues,! in! the! NordicJBaltic! region! and! in! multilateral! WHJprocesses! (various! international! destinations).! This! contributes! to! networking!and!information!sharing.!!!• Technical!contributions!to!and/or!facilitation!of!relevant!meetings!and!processes!related! to! WHJissues! in! the! NordicJBaltic! region! and! internationally.! Examples:!Periodic! reporting,! sustainable! tourism,! implementation! of! C2! strategy.! This!contributes! to! methodological! development! and/or! implementation! of! different!tasks.!!!• Contribute! to! raising! funds! from! the! Norwegian! Government,! by! facilitating! and!supporting!proposals.!NWHF!is! a! small! organisation,! with! short! communication! lines,! both! in! the! secretariat!and! between! the! board! and! the! secretariat.! This! can! make! the! need! for! formal! systems!and! routines! less! important!–!at! least! in! the! daily! work.! But! there! is! also! a! risk! of! cases!falling!between!two!stools!if!they!are!not!being!caught!in!a!more!formal!system.!We!have!no! indication! that! this! is! the! case,! and! the! meeting! routines,! within! the! secretariat! and!between!the!secretariat!and!the!board!are!appropriate.!In! the! evaluation! we! have! however! experienced! that! there! are! weaknesses! in! some! of!the! archiving! systems,! for! instance! missing! documents! in! the! physical! archive.!NWHF!has!since!2011!been!using!a!cloudJbased!system!for!shared!access!from!anywhere!to!its!electronic!archive.!Before!this,!NWHF!used!a!local!serverJbased!system!for!its!electronic!archive,! which! currently! contains! the! electronic! archives! from! 2002J2011,! and! further!runs!as!backup!for!the!cloudJbased!system.!!As! the! case! study! of! The! Natural! World! Heritage! in! Africa! Phase! II–project! shows! there!seems! to! have! been! rather! poor! project! management! routines! at! NWHF! in! the! period!2008J2010.! Project! documents! and! copies! of!correspondence!including! attached!documents! were! not! properly! kept,! project! reporting! routines! were! not! properly! in!place,! and! a! system! ensuring! that! lessons! from! project! implementation! are! drawn,!documented! and! learnt! was! not! used.! For! the! later! case! studies! this! do! not! seem! to! be!the!case.!Regarding! systems! and! routines! towards! the! main! stakeholders,! NWHF! has! a! more! or!less! onJgoing! dialogue! with! WHC,! and! in! addition! two! to! three! coordination! meetings!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!73!with!WHC!a!year.!At!these!meetings!WHC!works!plans!and!priorities!are!being!discussed!in!order!to!help!determine!NWHF’s!own!work!plan!for!the!coming!year.!!Regarding! the! Norwegian! main! stakeholders,! there! is! a! form! of! systematic!communication! (besides! the! formal! communication! on! the! grant),! with! regular!information! meetings! with! the! Heads! of! the!Department!for! Cultural! Heritage!Management!at!MoE!(where!the!chair!of!the!board!and!one!from!the!secretariat!attend),!and! in! addition! the! chair! of! the! board! has! more! or! less! regular! meetings! with! the!director! for! the! international! section! at! the! Directorate! for! Cultural! Heritage! (the! latter!being! deputy! chair! of! the! board).! These! meetings! are! considered! as! useful! for! all!involved!parties.!!4.3.2 Efficiency+of+work+towards+the+mandate+The!way!NWHF!works!has!not!led!to!NWHF!delivering!fully!on!the!tasks!stipulated!in!the!mandate! (ref.! 4.1.4,! 4.1.5,! 4.2.1).! The! following! may! be! considered! main! factors!contributing!to!a!low!degree!of!delivery!on!main!tasks!and!thus!low!efficiency:!• NWHF’s! task! to! support! the! WH!Centre!by! facilitating! engagement! of! Nordic!experts! is! hampered! by! the! fact! that! usually! NWHF! itself! takes! on! the! role! of!providing! such! support.! This! is! not! effective.! NWHF! has! three! staff! and! limited!capacity,!while!Nordic!milieus!working!on!WHJissues!consists!of!dozens!or!more!experts! with! competence! that! may!be! relevant.! Facilitating! engagement! of!experts! from! such! milieus,! would! allow! for! broader! Nordic! engagement! and!contribution! with! the! same! resources! from! NWHF’s! side.! Moreover,! the!engagement! and! contributions! would! be! deeper! as! the! Nordic! milieus! as! such!represent! much! broader! competence! and! deeper! experience! with! WHJissues!than!what!NWHF!itself!has.!!!!• It! would! seem! that! NWHF! uses! its! engagement! in! different! processes! at! WHC! to!develop! the! competence! among! NWHF! staff! further! on! issues! such! as! periodic!reporting!and!sustainable!tourism.!This!gives!NWHF!a!role!and!a!position!on!such!issues,! from! which! NWHF! engages! in! a! kind! of! expert! role! in! the! NordicJBaltic!region.!While! such! an! approach! may! be! justified! in! certain! cases! and! also! simply!may! arise! due! to!circumstance! and! need,!it!would!likely!be! more! effective! if!NWHF! principally! aimed! to! facilitated! the! development! of! such! competence! in!representatives! from! the! Nordic! WHJrelated! milieus! through! engagement! of!them! in! relevant! processes.! This! would! also! allow! for! synergies! to! emerge!between! NordicJBaltic! milieus! and! international! milieus,! from! practical!cooperation!on!issues!such!as!for!instance!periodic!reporting!in!Africa.!!!!• The!task!to!act!as!a!Nordic!focal!point!is!hampered!by!a!strong!international!focus!from! NWHF’s! side,! which! comes! at! the! expense! of! a! broad! engagement! in! the!NordicJBaltic!region.!There!are!synergies!between!an!international!focus!and!the!role!as!Nordic!focal!point.!NWHF!has!also!with!the!Alternative!Strategy!increased!its! engagement! towards! NordicJBaltic! stakeholders.! Still,! in! over! view! NWHF’s!engagement!is!still!not!anchored!properly!in!the!NordicJBaltic!region.!!!• The! secretariat! staff! travels! extensively,! which! is! reflected! in! an! annual! travel!budget! of! NOK! 500J800! 000!(including! project! related! travel)!in! the! evaluation!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!74!period.! International! travels! are! time! consuming! and! provide! difficult! working!conditions.! For! networking! and! engagement! in! different! regional! or! multilateral!processes,! travelling! may! be! necessary! and! important.! However,! multilateral!organizations! also! have! a! tendency! to! generate! processes! and! meeting! needs,!which!it!is!important!for!involved!organizations!to!respond!to!in!a!critical!manner!so! as! to! avoid!unnecessary!use! of! human! and! financial! resources.! We! have! not!found! any! justification! for! the! level! of! travelling! in! the!annual!reports.! We! note!that!extensive! travelling! is! only! to!a!certain! degree! compatible! with! a! role! of!being! a! stable! Nordic! focal! point! providing! coordination! and! facilitation! for!others.!!4.3.3 Visibility+among+stakeholders++The! evaluation! has! revealed! that! the! visibility! of! the! foundation! is! limited! among!relevant! Nordic! stakeholders,! which! clearly! hampers! the! effectiveness! of! the!organization’s! efforts.! There! generally! seems! to! exist! some! confusion! on! what! the!foundation! is!and! how! it! can! be! used! by! different! stakeholders.! One! of! the! WH! site!managers!answered!the!following!in!the!questionnaire:!This$ survey$ has$ made$ the$ role$ of$ NWHF$ much$ clearer$ to$ me,$ even$ if$ I$ have$ worked$with$a$WH$site$for$8$years$and$have$visited$the$NWHF$website$several$times.$I$would$suggest$ NWHF$ produce$ some$ short,$ easy$ understandable$ printed$ information$(promotion)$aimed$for$all$persons$involved$in$the$work$with$Nordic$World$Heritage,$and$distribute$it$to$all$relevant$parties$(i.e.,$at$Nordic$conferences,$meetings,$to$new$WH$ sites$ etc.).$ $ Questions$ to$ be$ answered:$RWhat$ is$ NWHF?$RWhat$ is$ the$ aim$ of$NWHF?$$R$What$can$I$use$NWHF$for/$how$can$NWHF$support$me$or$my$site? This! indicates! that! there! might! be! a! need! for! a! market! survey! among! site! managers! to!find!out!what!their!needs!are!and!how!the!foundation!can!contribute.!The!NWHF!website!(www.nwhf.no)!is!not!providing!clear!information!about!NWHF!and!how!the!foundation!is!relevant!for!Nordic!stakeholders.!The!website!also!seems!to!have!suffered! from! only! rudimentary! updating! the! last! couple! of! years.! Under! “projects”,! the!top!story!is!a!call!for!applications!to!do!an!internship!at!AWHF!for!one!year!in!the!period!2011J2012.!!The! lack! of! visibility! has! been! recognized! by! NWHF.! The! board! adopted! an Information!and! Communication! Strategy! for! 2012J2014!in! 2011,! and! an! Action! Plan! in! December!2012.!The!Action!Plan!will!be!implemented!in!2013,!but!according!to!the!board!there!is!a!need!for!additional!resources!to!allow!for!its!implementation. On! the! other! hand,! most! informants! at! WHC! have! noted! that! NWHF! has! been! very! clear!regarding! its! capabilities! visJàJvis!the! WHC,! especially! compared! to! other! Category! 2!Centres.! This! may! be! indicative! of! a! stronger! orientation! toward! Paris! than! toward! the!Nordic!region.!4.3.4 The+institutional+setPup+Being! a! foundation! renders! NWHF! a! more! or! less! automatic! independence,! at! least!in!relation!to!MoE,!which!represents!the!Norwegian!Government!State!Party.!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!75!When! it! comes! to! UNESCO! the! 2009! Agreement! calls! for! NWHF! to! “contribute! to! the!mediumJterm! strategies! of! UNESCO! in! the! implementation! of! the! Convention…”! Since!the!World!Heritage!Committee!sets!the!priorities!and!policies!regarding!implementation!of! the! World! Heritage! Convention,! informants! in! the! WHC! told! us! that! it! is! implicit! that!NWHF! should! align! itself! with! such! policies,! when! the! World! Heritage! Committee! has!endorsed! them.!This! means! that! while! being! an!autonomous!organisation! as! such,! the!status! as! Category! 2!Centre!requires! that! NWHF! align! to! UNESCO.! In! addition,! UNESCO!has!the!possibility!to!influence!NWHF!directly!through!their!seating!in!the!board.!!The! other! agreement!partner,! the! Norwegian! Government,! does! not! have! the! same!possibility! to! influence! the! daily! work! of! the! foundation.! More! indirectly,! however,! the!MoE!wields!influence!through!its!mandate!to!appoint!board!members.!!This! situation!seems!to! have! created! a! certain! “imbalance! in! power”! between! the! main!parties! in! the! Agreement! with! regards! to! the! development! of! the! daily! work! of! the!foundation.! This! may! have! contributed! to! the! differences! in! interpretation! of! NWHF’s!mandate!between!the!NWHF!board!and!the!MoE.!The!differences!in!interpretation!have!created!uncertainty!and!frustration!among!involved!parties,!which!have!not!contributed!to! efficiency.! For! the! present! setJup! to! work,! a! better! coordination! and! alignment! of!interests! and! priorities! between! the! main! stakeholders! (UNESCO! and! MoE)! must! be!ensured.!!Generally!speaking,! however,! many! interviewees! note! that! a! foundation! is! probably! an!efficient! institutional! setJup! for! a! Nordic! C2!Centre.! The! benefits! of! being! a! foundation!versus! the! same! work! being! put! under!a! government! ministry,! is! that! an! organization!can! act! more! independently! and! decisively,! and! be! spared! (reportedly! often! extensive)!bureaucratic!processes!reflecting!the!rules!and!regulations!for!public!administration.!On!the! other! hand,! placing! the! same!tasks! and! funding! under! a! ministry! would! allow! for!synergies.! The! relevant! Norwegian! institutions! would! be! the! Directorate! for! Cultural!Heritage,!the!Environmental!Agency!or!a!research!organisation.!The!Nordic!network!that!NWHF! has! is! also! available! for! these! actors,! as! well! as! international! contacts.! The!Directorate! already! works! with! international! parties! through! bilateral! projects,! and! can!for! instance! use! them! to! assist! in! nomination! processes! and! Periodic! Reporting.! Such!organisations! could! also! maybe!do! a! better! work! on! supplying! Nordic! expertise!internationally,!given!that!they!can!be!supposed!to!have!a!better,!and!updated,!overview!over! existing! competence.! The! marginal! costs! of! expanding! the! Directorates!international! work! would! probably! be! lower! than! the! funding! of! NWHF,! given! that! it! is!possible! to! employ! 3J4! persons! within! the! same! organisation! and! localities! as! today.!Such! a! solution! would! guarantee! MoE! a! better! control! of! the! use! of! these! resources.!However,!one!would!no!longer!have!a!C2!Centre!for!the!NordicJBaltic!region.!Moreover,!the!flexibility!and!independence!that!NWHF!provides!would!be!lost!with!such!a!solution.!In! terms! of! efficiency,! there! are! drawbacks! and! benefits! that! are!difficult!to! quantify! to!the! alternatives! of! placing! the! mandated! tasks! of! NWHF! in! a! foundation! or! under! a!ministry.!!To! transfer! the! funding! to! a! research! organisation! could! also! prove! difficult! since! the!work! of! NWHF! cannot! be! classified! as! research! and! hence! could! be! incompatible! with!the! statutes! of! the! potential! research! organisation.! It! would! also! not! necessarily! solve!the!problem!of!lacking!steering!control!for!MoE.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!76!4.3.5 Funding+arrangements+The!basic!funding!for!the!running!of!the!secretariat!and!the!board!comes!from!MoE,!see!chapter!2.6.!In!addition!projects!have!been!funded!by!external!funders,!mainly!MFA,!but!also! FK! Norway! and! Government! of! Switzerland! in! the! present! period.! MoE! also! offers!grants!to!seminars,!conferences!etc.!as!supplements!to!the!basic!grant!to!the!Secretariat.!Most!of!the!project!funds!are!being!transferred!to!cooperation!partners,!while!some!are!being! used! to! cover! travel! and! other!expenses,! for! instance! extra! staff,! in! connection!with!the!project!in!question.!Basic$funding$subject$to$National$Budget$regulations$The!Agreement!requires!that!the!Norwegian!government!grants!NWHF!at!least!NOK!3.5!million! per! year,! but! for! the! whole! period! the! basic! funding! has! been! above,! with! 1.5!million! for! all! years! except! 2012! when! the! funding! was! reduced! to! NOK! 4! million.! The!yearly!grant!is!being!decided!in!the!National!Budget,!and!is!as!such!affected!by!the!yearly!governmental! budget!discussions!and! priorities.! This! renders! some! uncertainty! for!NWHF,! since! the! Governmental! budget! is! not! being! public! before! October,! an!uncertainty!that!was!highlighted!for!the!budget!year!2012.!Being!presented!for!a!20!per!cent!cut!in!the!funding!from!MoE!on!rather!short!notice!NWHF!was!forced!to!implement!cuts! in! their! own! budget,! including! moving! to! cheaper! offices,! nonJrenewal! of! one! staff!member’s! contract! and! drawing! on! the! Foundation’s! retained! equity! to! balance! the!budget.! But! given! the! regulations! for! the! National! Budget! it! is! not! possible! to! secure!grants! for! more! than! one! year! ahead,! except! the! amount! that! is! decided! in! the!agreement.!This!is!a!situation!all!grant!recipients!has!to!adapt!to,!and!plan!in!accordance!to.! It! is! also!noteworthy!that! the! operating! costs! in! 2012! were! higher! than! in!preceding!years,! for! instance! with! higher! travel! expenses.! This! indicates! that! the! reduction! in! the!funding!was!not!fully!reflected!in!the!operation!of!NWHF.!Possibilities$for$extra$payment$The! board! has! agreed! to! give! the! secretariat! the! possibility! to! invoice! payment! for!services!provided,! for! instance! to! governmental! partners! and! WH! site! managers! on!work! related! to! Periodic! reporting.! This! possibility! should! however! not! be! used! for!“basic”!services.!So!far!this!opportunity!has!not!been!used!by!the!secretariat,!partly!due!to! unclear!delimitation!of! when! to! apply! this! payment! (what! is! basic! services?)! and!partly!due!to!the!extra!work!this!will!require!from!the!secretariat.!!Contribution$from$the$other$Nordic$countries$NWHF! has! a! Nordic! dimension! and! one! could! therefore! ask! why! the! other! Nordic!countries!should!not! contribute! to! funding! the! foundation.! If! they! find! NWHF! useful!there!should!be!some!willingness!to!pay!in!order!to!keep!the!foundation!running.!!At! present! NWHF! covers! all! travel! costs! for! the! board! members! in! connection! with!board! meetings! (but! no! allowances).! This! is! common! practice! for! boards,! but! one! could!argue! that! the!other! Nordic! members! should! pay! for! this! themselves.! And! to! our!knowledge! at! least! one! of! the! board! members! does! not! always! send! the! travel!expense!bill!to!NWHF.!At! the! same! time! the! Nordic! board! members! (and! hence! their! governments)! contribute!in! kind,! varying! from! 4J15! working! days!per!year! according! to! our! informants! in! the!board.!In!addition!they!contribute!with!knowledge!to!the!foundation.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!77!Another! consideration! is! that! for! this! kind! of! cooperation,! both! within! the! UN! system!and!Nordic!Council!of!Ministers,!it!is!commonly!agreed!upon!that!the!country!hosting!the!institute!also!provides!the!core!funding.!!Funding$UNESCO$directly$Most!of!the!interviewees!agree!that!donating!NOK!4J5!million!directly!to!the!WH!Fund!or!WHC! would! most! probably! is! less! costJeffective! than!today’s!system.! UNESCO! is! a! large!and! bureaucratic! organisation,! not! always! being! perceived! as! effective! (ref.! Norad!2009).! And! in!addition! NOK! 4J5! million! will! run! the! risk! of! being! used! on! other! issues!than!WH!or!not!in!accordance!with!the!WH!policies!of!the!Norwegian!Government.!This!would! rather! be! a! donation! than! a! grant,! limiting! the! steering! control! for! the!government.! The! intended! Nordic! perspective! would! most! certainly! be! lost! with! such! a!donation.! In! this! assessment! it! is! also! important! to! take! into! account! that! NWHF! is!independent,$and!hence!more!flexible.!The!foundation!can!relieve!WHC!in!Paris,!i.e.!give!a! benefit! for! UNESCO! that! probably! is! higher! than! UNESCO! receiving! the! same! amount!directly.!On! the! other! hand,! providing! a! few! good! extra! staff! through! NWHF! does! not! in!itself!really!provide!a!sustainable!longJterm!contribution!to!WH!work.!CostRefficiency$Having!no!other!other!organisation!to!benchmark!with!it!is!difficult!to!conclude!whether!the!running!of!NWHF!is!costJeffective!or!not.!The!large!spending’s!on!travel!are!however!a! potential! issue.!According! to! NWHF! the! travelling! all! are! related! to! processes! directly!related! to! the! Strategic! Objectives,! and! upon! request/invitation! from! the! NordicJBaltic!States! Parties! or! UNESCO! HQ! and! regional! offices.! In! addition,! NWHF! participate! in! the!annual! WH! Committee! meetings.!But!focusing! the! work! on! being! a! focal! point! the!travelling!of!the!secretariat!would!most!likely!decrease.!!4.3.6 Resource+implications+for+UNESCO+of+interaction+with+NWHF++As!mentioned!earlier,!the!budget!crisis!within!UNESCO!has!led!the!organization!to!utilize!Category!2!Institutes!and!Centres!more!to!conduct!its!work.!At!the!same!time,!UNESCO!is!aware! that! interacting! with! the! increasing! number! of! Category! 2! Institutes! and!Centres!implies! transaction! costs.! UNESCO! staff! now! must! record! on! SISTER! (UNESCO’s!IntranetJbased! monitoring! tool)! costs! and! time! related! to! interactions! with! all! Category!2!Institutes!and!Centres.!According!to!the!“Report!on!the!full!cost!of!Category!2!institutes!and!Centres”! of! April! 201322,! the! average! cost! per! institute/Centre!during! the!2012/2013! biennium! ranged! from! $10,000! to! $30,000,! with!an! average! cost! of! just!under!$20,000.!UNESCO!would!not!reveal!the!cost!of!particular!Category!2!Institutes!and!Centres,!so!it!is!difficult!to!see!how!NWHF!compares!with!others.!In!any!case,!the!report!notes! that! higher! costs! “do! not! necessarily! represent!higher! administrative! costs,! but!rather! a! higher! degree! of! substantive! cooperation! between! the! Secretariat! and! the!institutes/Centres! concerned! around! concrete! activities”! (3b).! In! other! words,! a! high!“cost”!may!simply!indicate!a!high!degree!of!cooperation.!According! to! a! document! reviewing! progress! so! far! in! implementing! recommendations!from! IOS’! joint! audit! and! evaluation! of! the! management! framework! of! Category! 2!Institutes! and!Centres,! transaction! costs! for! UNESCO! in! dealing! with! Category! 2! entities!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!22!!191!EX/14.INF,!9!April!2013.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!78!include! the! following:! “conducting! feasibility! studies! for! proposed! Category! 2! entities,!participation!of!UNESCO!staff!in!Category!2!governing!boards,!liaising!and!engaging!with!a! burgeoning! number! of! institutes! and!Centres,! and! conducting! the! review!assessments…prior!to!the!renewal!of!agreements.”23!It! would! seem! that! most! of! the! direct! costs! mentioned! have! already! been! covered! by!NWHF! for! some! time.! For! example,! The! 2007! Evaluation! of! the! NWHF! noted! that! “the!work! of! the! NWHF! has! no! financial! implications![for! UNESCO]! and! travel! to! Board!meetings! is! covered! by! NWHF”.24!It! should! also! be! noted! that! the! direct! costs! of! the!present! review! are! being! borne! by! the! NWHF,! though! this! does! not! cover! the! time!accorded!by!UNESCO!staff.!In! interviews! with! WHC! one! question! concerned! whether! their! transaction! costs! were!reasonable! compared! to! the! value! received! from! NWHF,! and! compared! to! the!transaction! costs! associated! with! other! Category! 2! Institutes! and!Centres.! Almost!everyone! agreed! that! NWHF! was! one! of! the! most! efficient! Category! 2!Centres! to! work!with,! not! only! because! of! the! high! degree! of! NWHF! staff! professionalism,! but! also!because! its! staff! understood! UNESCO! processes! and! cycles! very! well,! leading! to!relatively! smooth! interaction.! One! Head! of! Unit! commented! that!NWHF! was! the! most!efficient! Category! 2!Centres! in! the! Europe! region! and! that! the! unit! “certainly! gets! more!out!of!NWHF!than!it!puts!in.”!Another!Head!of!Unit!noted!that!time!required!to!deal!with!NWHF!was!“minimal”.!A!third!Head!of!Unit!called!NWHF!a!“useful,!costJeffective!channel!for! Nordic! funds.”! While! Nordic! countries! provide! more! money! to! WHC! bilaterally! than!they! do! via! NWHF,! he! appreciated! the! NWHF! channel! because! he! felt! he! had! little! say!over!how!the!bilateral!money!was!used.!Money!coming!via!the!NWHF!“is!much!more!of!a!partnership”,!and!the!locals!have!larger!say!on!how!it!is!used.!Several! informants! pointed! out! that! working! with! NWHF! was! efficient! because! NWHF!made! it! clear! to! WHC! staff! where! its! expertise! is,! in! turn! making! it! easier! for! them! to!access! that! expertise.! In! contrast,! some! other! Category! 2! Institutes! and!Centres!reportedly!have!been!less!transparent!about!their!expertise,!inflating!the!presentation!of!their! capabilities,! while! in! reality! not! being! able! to! deliver! all! they! claim.! According! to!several!WHC!informants,!this!is!much!less!of!an!issue!with!NWHF.!Some!pointed!out!that!NWHF! did! not! necessarily! draw! very! much! on! expertise! from! the! Nordic! area! beyond!the! Secretariat,! but! at! least! did! not! pretend! it! could! draw! on! expertise! that! it! could! not!deliver.! Two! other! HeritageJrelated! Category! 2!Centres! receiving! high! marks! from!UNESCO! staff! were! the! African! World! Heritage! Fund! and! the! Arab! Regional!Centre!for!World! Heritage,! the! former! primarily! because! of! its! good! network! of! experts;! the!latter!primarily!because!of!its!ability!to!provide!large!amounts!of!funding,!at!least!in!the!past.!!!4.4 Impacts+and+Sustainability+4.4.1 Impact+Achievements! or! results! create! (or! don’t! create)! an!impact!–!a! longJterm! effect.! This! is!something! that! may,! and! with! certain! likelihood! normally! should,! follow! from! results,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!23!!190!EX/18,!7/09/2013,!“Category!institutes!and!Centres.!Part!I”,!paragraph!8!24!!179! EX/12,! 21/03/2008! “Evaluation! of! the! Nordic! World! Heritage! Foundation! and! renewal! of! Category! 2! Centre!Status”,!para!13.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!79!but! which! is! outside! the! direct! control! of! the! implementing! institution.! An! impact! is! for!instance!a!political!decision!that!is!made!as!a!consequence!of!the!public!debate!triggered!by!a!report!produced!by!NWHF,!which!changes!something!in!society.!An!impact!can!also!be!a!change!in!the!work!culture!of!WH!site!managers!as!a!consequence!of!attaining!new!technical! skills! enabling! monitoring! and! regulation! of! sustainable! tourist! flows,! which!was!initiated!by!seminars!supported!by!NWHF!which!providing!training!in!such!tools.!!!!Generally,!one!could!define!NWHF’s!main!results!as:!A. New! WH! sites,! where! NWHF! has! contributed! to! the! nomination! process! through!technical! support,! facilitating! assistance! and! fundraising!from! bilateral! sources!(Norwegian!MFA).!!!B. Adopted! strategies,! programmes! and! periodic! reporting! at! WHC,! where! NWHF!has!contributed!to!their!development!and!final!form.!!!C. A!higher!knowledgeJlevel!related!to!Periodic!Reporting,!Sustainable!Tourism!and!C2!Best!Practise!among!WH!stakeholders!(in!the!NordicJBaltic!region!and!among!C2! Institutes! and!Centres),! where! NWHF! has! contributed! with! lectures,! training!and! facilitation! of! processes,! networking! and! fundraising! from! bilateral! sources!(Norwegian!MFA).!As!noted!earlier,!these!results!do!not!fully!comply!with!NWHF’s!mandate,!where!there!is!a!focus!on!being!a!Nordic!Focal!point,!facilitating!the!use!of!Nordic!expertise!in!WHJwork!internationally,!and!fundraising!from!a!variety!of!sources!incl.!private.!!Concerning! impacts,! we! see! with! regards! to! A! that! NWHF!channelled!funding! from! the!Norwegian! MFA! to! the! preparation! of! the! nomination! dossier! Kenya! Lake! System!covering! three! sites! in! Kenya.! The! Kenya! Lake! System! was! included! on! the! WH! list! in!2011.!This!impact!can!be!attributed!to!NWHF!primarily!by!the!fact!that!NWHF!raised!the!money! for! developing! the! dossier.! The! importance! of! NWHF’s! role! is! thus! determined!here! by! the! likelihood! of! the! preparation! of! the! nomination! dossier! being! funded! by!some!other!donor.!Currently,!NWHF!is!involved!in!a!facilitating!role!for!a!project!aiming!at!securing!WHJstatus!to!the!Inle!Lake!in!Myanmar.!!With! regards! to! B,! contributing! to! strategies,! such! as! the! sustainable! tourism! program,!has! the! potential! to! influence! national! or! siteJspecific! strategies! and! actions! that! are!based! on! these.!Another! important! area! where! NWHF! has! contributed! is! periodic!reporting,! which! is! a! core! process! for!WHC!and! States! Parties! that! leads! to! regional!action! plans! and! helps! prioritise! eventual! assistance.! NWHF! work! in! this! area! can!influence! the! efficiency! of!the! priorityJsetting! process.! NWHF’s! work! on! developing!online!guidelines!for!carrying!out!periodic!reporting!also!has!the!potential!to!help!future!work! in! this! area,! even! when! NWHF! does! not! participate! itself.! However,! it! is! probably!too!early!to!see!any!actual!impacts!from!such!activities.!!With! regards! to! C,! this! is! about! capacity! building.! To! what! extent! have! these! activities!led! to! real! change! taking! place! among! the! involved! stakeholders?! We! have! no! precise!measure! of! this,! but! interview! data! backed! up! by! reports! on! activities! indicate! that! for!instance! NWHF’s! activities! have! a! real! effect! on! the! Periodic! Reporting! in! the! NordicJBaltic! region,! by! contributing! to! an! improved! skills! level! and!likely!a! more! effective! and!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!80!precise! reporting.! It! also! seems! clear! that! NWHF’s! extensive! engagement! with! AWHF!has! contributed! to! bringing! this! institution! from! infancy! (AWHF! was! established! in!2007)!up!to!its!current!level.!NWHF’s!work!on!sustainable!tourism!in!the!Nordic!region,!has! contributed! to! the! general! activity! in! this! area! but! the! impact! and! added! value! is!difficult! to! measure! in! any! precise! manner.! In! other! areas! and! towards! parties! such! as!the! eight! WH! C2!Centres! where! NWHF! less! consistently! and! over! shorter! time! periods!have! provided! lectures! or! training,!it! seems! unclear! and! less! likely! that! NWHF’s!activities!have!had!real!impact.!4.4.2 Sustainability+of+results+and+impacts++With! regards! to! ‘new! WH! sites’! (A),! this! concerns! the! official! recognition! of! a! new! WH!site!in!Kenya!–!the!Kenya!Lakes!System!WH!site.!Such!an!outcome!is!in!itself!sustainable!and! not! dependent! on! any! further! NWHF! activity.! Being! a! WH! site! brings! increased!status,! something! that!–!in! principle!–!should! bring! increased! attention! from! the!authorities,! increased! income! to! the! area! in! the! form! of!core! government! support! for!management! and! tourism,! and! also! increased! pressure! in! the! form! of! larger! number! of!tourists.! For! the! longJterm! integrity! of! the! site,! it! will! be! important! that! proper!management!balances!the!increased!pressure!in!the!form!of!larger!number!of!tourists.!With! regards! to! the! outcome! ‘strategies! and! policies! at! WHC’! (B),! contribution! to! such!outputs!are!likely!to!be!sustainable!to!the!extent!that!WHC,!States!Parties!and!individual!sites!implement!them;!they!will!not!necessarily!require!implementation!from!by!NWHF.!Of!course,!strategies!and!policies!will!be!changed!or!replaced!over!time!as!circumstances!and! needs! change.! The! sustainability! of! these! results! will! also! be! influenced! by! the!extent! to! which! NWHF! is! able! to! contribute! strategically! to! strategies! and! policies! that!are! realistic! and! where! there! is! buyJin! and! capacity! among! key! implementation!stakeholders.! The! more! practical! and! the! better! political! design! of! the! strategies! and!policies!adopted,!the!more!sustainable!the!impact!of!this!work!will!be.!With!regards! to! capacity! building! (C),! the! impact! at! AWHF! is! a! fruit! of! longJterm!engagement! through! which! AWHF! has! matured! considerable! as! an! organisation.! This!impact! appears! to! be! sustainable! and! not! dependent! on! any! further! NWHF! activity.! The!sustainability! of! the! other! capacityJbuilding! activities! is! uncertain.! In! many! cases,!isolated!lectures!and!trainings!will!have!an!impact!but!general!experience!with!capacity!building! indicates! that! very! often! the! impact! is! low! and! not! sustainable! unless! the!trainee!is!engaged!over!time!and!receives!concrete!tools!or!followJup!tasks!to!implement!in! his/hers! everyJday! work! situation.! It! seems! NWHF! is! engaged! in! quite! a! number! of!lecturing! and! training! events! where! the! precise! impact! and! sustainability! of! NWHF’s!contribution! is! low.! (Such! engagement! may! be! legitimized! by! other! factors,! however,!such!as!for!instance!networking.)!!The! PR! training! likely! has! a! real! impact,! at! least! in! the! short! term,! as! the! trainees!afterwards! will! apply! the! knowledge! they! receive! at! their! work! place! when! conducting!the! PR! exercise.! The! sustainability! of! the! training! is! brought! into! question,! however,! by!the!fact!that!interviewees!report!that!the!turnover!at!the!responsible!ministries!and!the!time!(6!years)!between!each!PR!exercise!leads!to!a!lack!of!institutional!memory.!In!order!to! ensure! sustainability! of! the! PR! training,! it! will! thus! be! important! to! find! ways! for!receiving! institutions! to! contain! the! knowledge/skills! provided! over! time! and! without!being! dependent! on! NWHF.! Generally! speaking,! NWHF! does! not! seem! to! train! trainers!and! has! not! so! far! developed! standJalone! tools! or! platforms! making! it! possible! for!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!81!stakeholders! to! extract! the! information! or! skills! NWHF! typically! provides! without!resorting!to!NWHF!itself.!This!compromises!the!sustainability!of!the!training!efforts.!!4.4.3 The+sustainability+of+NWHF+itself++The! current! size! of! the! NWHF! secretariat! is! three! fullJterm! employees,! which! is! a!minimum! size! for! an! independent! secretariat.! The! current! size! of! the! secretariat! makes!it!vulnerable!for!changes!in!personnel!and/or!incidents!that!affect!personnel!(longJterm!sickness!etc.),!and!such!change!will!likely!have!high!impact!of!the!foundation’s!ability!to!deliver! the! required! services.! As! NWHF! itself! has! pointed! out,! a! secretariat! of! around! 5!people!would!seem!a!robust!and!sustainable!level!for!an!independent!secretariat.!An! alternative! to! expansion! in! order! to! reduce! vulnerability! and! ensure! sustainability,!could! be! to! integrate! the! secretariat! more! closely! with! other! institutions! working! on!WHJissues! in! the! Nordic! region.! If! NWHF! for! instance! was! located! together! with! MoEJinstitutions! or! research! institutions! working! on! WHJissues,! that! could! allow! for!synergies!and!mutual!assistance!according!to!need.!!!!!!!A! foundation! normally! draws! on! a! fund,!something! that! gives! longJterm! financial!security!and!also!enables!a!role!as!grant!giver.!NWHF!is!not!this!type!of!foundation,!and!is! much! more! economically! vulnerable.! As! an! organization,! NWHF! is! totally! reliant! on!external! funding! on! an! annual! basis! and!the! core! funding! from! MoE! is! its! only! secure!financial! basis.! The! core! funding! is! provided! from! MoE! on! an! annual! basis,! and! is!currently! based! on! a! 6Jyear! agreement! with! UNESCO! (ending! 2014).! The! funding! has!been! above! the! level! mentioned! in! the! Agreement!for! the! whole! period,! but! saw! a!temporary! and! unexpected!reduction!of! 20%! in! 2012.! In! itself,! the! core! funding! is! at! a!minimum!of!what!is!required!for!NWHF!to!uphold!core!services.!!To! ensure! financial! sustainability,! the! foundation! must! expand! its! funding! base! beyond!the! MoE! core! funding! in! a! more! robust! manner! than! what! has! been! the! case! in! the!evaluation!period.!Being!a!Nordic!foundation,!the!foundation!should!have!a!clear!Nordic!presence! and! a! Nordic! funding! base! of! private! and! public! donors! complementing! the!Norwegian! MoE! core! support.! The! longJterm! financial! sustainability! of! NWHF! is!dependent! on! its! ability! to! work! together! with! and! raise! funds! from! the! Norwegian!government!as!well!as!Nordic!WH!stakeholders!including!private!sources.!It! may! be! noted!that! NWHF’s! financial! starting! point! is! not! unique.! MoE! supports! on! a!similar! basis! (core! funding)! and! on! a! similar! level! (NOK! 4.5! million! per!annum)! the!UNEP! GRIDJArendal!Centre!in! Norway.! Raising! funds! from! different! sources,! UNEP!GRIDJArendal!raised!funds!of!NOK!43!million!in!2011!(ref.!UNEP!GRIDJArendal!2012)25.!!!4.5 Implementations+of+recommendations+from+previous+assessments+++NWHF! has! been! evaluated! or! assessed! a! few! times! before,! the! latest! being! the! endJevaluation! of! the! former! agreement! (in! 2007)! and! a! midJterm! assessment! in! 2011.! One!NWHFJproject! (Cultural! Survival! and! Revival! in! the! Buddhist! Sangha,! 2004J2007)! was!also! part! of! a! Norad! evaluation! of! Norwegian! support! to! the! protection! of! cultural!heritage! (Norad! 2009).! Some! of! the! findings! and! recommendations! in! these! evaluations!are! relevant! also! for! our! evaluation,! therefore! we! shortly! refer! to! these,! focusing! on!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!25!!UNEP!GRIDJArendal!(2012):!Programme$Cooperation$Agreement$2010R2011.$Final$Biennium$Report.!March!9,!2012.!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!82!recommendations! that! are! still! relevant! (some! of! the! recommendations! from! the! 2007!evaluation! are! redundant! as! the! strategic! focus! has! changed! away! from! project!implementation!to!more!upstream!activity).!!4.5.1 The+2007+evaluation+of+NWHF+The! 2007! evaluation! was! commissioned! by! NWHF! in! line! with! the! former! agreement!between! UNESCO! and! the! Norwegian! Government.! The! evaluation! was! mainly! positive!showing,!amongst!other!things,!that!NWHF!was!well!established!and!had!streamlined!its!activities! to! address! the! strategic! goals! of! UNESCO.! A! challenge! pointed! out! in! this!evaluation! was! a! need! to! strengthen! the! cooperation! between! the! Nordic! countries! in!their!work!towards!developing!countries.!Concerning!the!Nordic!dimension!the!recommendations!in!this!evaluation!are:!1. To!include!members!of!all!Nordic!countries!in!the!board.!!!2. To! develop! a! resource! base! of! expertise! within! the! region! to! leverage! increased!participation! of! the! Nordic! countries! in! the! work! in! the! region! as! well! as! in!developing!countries.!!!!3. To! strengthen! the! profile! and! role! of! the! NWHF! in! the! region,! and! the! role! of!NWHF!as!focal!point!for!Nordic!donor!agencies!requires!to!be!strengthened.!In! addition! the! evaluation! recommended! that! major! efforts! should! be! undertaken! to!broaden!the!base!of!funding!for!projects!and!activities.!To! our! knowledge,! point! one! (including! all! Nordic! countries! in! the! board)! has! been!undertaken,! whereas! the! other! points! still! are! not! fully! accomplished.! NWHF! has! no!resource! base! of! Nordic! expertise! (but! a! database! for! the! Nordic! World! Heritage!network),! the! profile! and! role! has! been! strengthened! somewhat! but! there! is! still! a! need!to! work! more! on! this! (incl.! for! instance! to! get! an! upJdated! website! in! place),! and! there!has!been!no!funding!from!other!Nordic!donor!agencies!during!2008J2012.!!It! is! striking! that! this! evaluation! seems! to! describe! a! quite! different! key! role! for! NWHF!than! the! one! which! has! developed! since! 2007,! and! which! is! endorsed! in! the! 2011! midJterm!assessment!commissioned!by!NWHF.!!4.5.2 Norad’s+2009+evaluation+of+support+to+protection+of+cultural+heritage+This! evaluation! addresses!the! experiences! of! Norwegian! support! to! the! protection! of!cultural! heritage! in! developing! countries,! focusing! on! the! period! 2000J2008.! Three!country! cases! were! selected! from! the! project!portfolio!for! further! study,! one! being!Nepal.! The! evaluators! note! that! the! projects! were! assessed! from! a! local! point! of! view.!The! Nepal! country! cases! covered! three! networking! programs! focusing! on! intangible!cultural! heritage,! of! which! the! Buddhist! Sangha! project! on! cultural! survival! and! revival!of!Buddhist!practises!in!Nepal!(where!NWHF!was!involved)!was!the!largest.!This!project!was! organised! by! the! UNESCO! Bangkok! office! and! covered! 18! sites! in! eight! countries!incl.! Nepal.!The! evaluators! note! that! the! projects! were! implemented! during! a! highly!turbulent! period! in! modern! Nepali! history,! which! may! be! partly! the! reason! why! they!were! implemented! without! involving! national! government! counterpart! institutions! in!Nepal.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!83!The! evaluators! note! (p.! 53J55)! that! the! Buddhist! SanghaJproject! only! partly! reached! its!goals.! The! regional! structure! led! to! only! 30J50%! of! the! total! budget! being! available! for!local! implementation.! Lack! of! communication! between! the! local! implementing!organization! and! UNESCO! meant! that! considerable! time! and! energy! was! spent! on!planning! activities! that! there! was! no! budget! to! carry! out.! In! the! view! of! the! local!organization,! their! priorities! were! not! taken! into! account.!The! evaluators! conclude! that!”the! sustainability! of! the! projects! has! been! limited,! partly! because! of! lack! of! resources!and!capacity!among!the!organisations!to!replicate!the!activities,!partly!as!a!result!of!lack!of! interest! from! government.! The! review! reports! a! surprising! lack! of! coordination!between! the! three! UNESCO! projects! and! defective! communications! with! central!government.”!(p.!xiv).!!In!the!recommendations,!the!evaluators!note!that!“large!parts!of!the!Norwegian!effort!is!channelled! through! multilateral! institutions,! with! a! limited! involvement! of! Norwegian!institutions,! limited! scope! for! countryJlevel! coordination! of! the! Norwegian! effort! and!limited! opportunity! for! oversight! and! results! monitoring.! Norwegian! bilateral!institutionJ!and! capacityJbuilding! initiatives! can! benefit! from! mobilising! and!coordinating! additional! professional! resources! in! Norway,! partly!through! already!established! funding! mechanisms! for! research! and! training,! thus! expanding! the!Norwegian!resource!base.”!(p.!xvJxvi).!!A! clear! recommendation! of! the! evaluation! of! relevance! to! NWHF,! is! to! increase!mobilization! and! use! of! professional! resources! in! Norway! for! institutionJ!and! capacity!building!initiatives!related!to!WH!in!Norwegian!development!aid!projects.!!!It!should!be!noted!that!UNESCO!and!NWHF!have!stated!that!they!disagree!strongly!with!the! description! and! conclusions! of! the! evaluators! concerning! the! Nepal! case! in! the!report!(ref.!footnote!33,!p.!57).!4.5.3 The+2011+midPterm+assessment+of+NWHF+The! midJterm! assessment! in! 2011! was! commissioned! by! NWHF.! It! is! not! an! evaluation!proper,! as! NWHF! according! to! the! Agreement! NWHF! cannot!commission!evaluations! of!their! work.! According! to! this!assessment,! the! NWHF! activities! have! been! in! accordance!with!NWHF’s!mandate!and!strategic!directions.!It!also!identifies!a!conflict!between!MoE!and!NWHF!when!it!comes!to!understanding!roles!and!responsibilities.!!The!consultant! carrying! out! the! midJterm! assessment! found! it! difficult! to! measure! the!actual! result! of! NWHFs! activities.! All! stakeholders! interviewed! for! the! midJterm!assessment! with! the! exception! of! MoE,! considered! that! NWHF’s! activities! had! been!within! the! mandate,! in! line! with! strategic! directions! and! reflecting! the! strategies.! MoE!disagreed,! expressing! reservations! regarding! the! lack! of! NordicJBaltic! geographic! focus!and!lack!of!coherence!between!the!mandate!and!the!Alternative!strategy!2010J14.!The!midJterm!assessment!recommended:!1. To!develop!the!RBM!framework,!creating!an!effective!monitoring!methodology!to!promote!the!value!added!of!NWHFs!activities!and!results.!!!2. NWHF! should! proactively! engage! with! the! MoE! to! develop! communication! and!resource!mobilization!strategy!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!84!3. NWHF! and! its! board! should! approach! the! corporate! sector! and! the! Nordic!countries!+!MFA!as!potential!sources!of!funding.!!!4. When!appointing!the!new!board!in!2012,!a!representative!from!the!private!sector!should! be! included! as! well! as! inclusion! of!representatives! from! other! ministries.!!!5. Efforts!to!improve!the!relationship!between!Moe!and!NWHF!should!be!facilitated.!!6. Reconsider!to!move!responsibility!for!NWHF!from!MoE!to!MFA!The!status!for!these!recommendations!is:!1. RBM! framework! is! established,! but!it! has! weaknesses! and! is! not! fully! functional!(ref.!4.2.5).!!!2. A! communication! strategy! has! been! developed,! but! so! far! not! fully! implemented.!!3. The!fundraising!activities!are!limited.!!!4. The! private! sector! and! other! ministries! have! not! been! included! in! the! board.!(Appointments! to! the! board! is! a! task! for! MoE.! In! 2012,! the! MoE! decided! to!prolong!the!existing!board’s!period!until!2014.).!!!!5. The! relationship! between! MoE! and! NWHF! has! been! facilitated! through! regular!meetings! between! the! directors! at! the! Cultural! department! and! the! Chair! of! the!board! and! representatives! from! the! secretariat.! This! has! improved! the!relationship!in!periods.!!!6. The!responsibility!for!NWHF!is!still!with!the!cultural!department!at!MoE,!which!is!responsible!for!and!the!coordinating!body!World!Heritage!issues!in!Norway.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!85!5 Conclusions)and)recommendations+This! chapter! sums! up! the! analysis! in! main! conclusions.!Based! on! these! conclusions,! it!provides!recommendations!for!the!further!running!and!organisation!of!NWHF.!5.1.1 Main+conclusions+To$ what$ extent$ is$NWHF$ carrying$ out$ the$ Contractual$ functions$ and$ objectives$ as$ defined$in$Article$7$of$the$Agreement?$$In! an! overall! sense! NWHF! is! carrying! out! the! contractual! functions! and! objectives;! the!foundation! assists!UNESCO! in! implementation! of! the! WH!Convention.!The! foundation!does!not,!however,!fully!live!up!to!the!more!detailed!objectives!and!functions!mentioned!in! §7.!In! particular,! NWHF! has! in! the! period! not! really! acted! as! a! “Nordic! focal! point”,!although! it! has! carried! out! activities! (mainly! related! to! capacity! building)! on! a! Nordic!level.! NWHF! provides! support! to! the! secretariat! of! the!Convention!mainly! by! providing!its!own!expertise,!rather!than!through!facilitating!involvement!of!Nordic!expert!milieus.!NWHF!has!not!been!able!to!mobilize!funds!from!various!(bilateral,!multilateral,!private)!sources! to! WH! work! in! developing! countries,! but! has!been! able! to! secure! funding! for!such!work!mainly!from!the!Norwegian!MFA.!The$relevance,$efficiency$and$effectiveness$of$the$present$grant$to$the$NWHF'NWHF! is! generally! speaking! a! relevant! and! professional! organisation,! which! carries! out!the! activities! it! engages! in! in! an! efficient! and! effective! manner.! With! the! exception! of!academic! milieus! working! on! WH! issues! in! the! Nordic! countries,! stakeholders!consistently! report! that! the! activities! NWHF! carries! out! are! relevant! for! them.!Stakeholders! who! have! been! in! contact! with! NWHF! also! report! that! the! foundation! is!professional,! efficient! and! effective! in! communication! and! cooperation.! More!specifically,! however,! NWHF’s! relevance!is! low! for! the! Norwegian! MoE! and! academic!milieus!working!on!WHJissues!in!the!Nordic!countries,!as!NWHF!does!not!fill!out!the!role!of! being! a! Nordic! focal! point! and! facilitate! engagement! of! Nordic! experts! in! WHJrelated!work! internationally.! The! way! the! foundation! works,! taking! the! role! of! competence!Centre!rather! than! as! a! facilitating! focal! point,! is! not! an! efficient! way! to! fulfil! the!commitments! described! in! the! mandate.! The! secretariat! travels! extensively! to!participate! in! WHJprocesses! and! work! internationally,! something! that! seems! to! be! an!ineffective!way!to!use!limited!resources!compared!with!facilitation!of!participation!(incl.!travel)!of!Nordic!experts!to!relevant!WHJprocesses.!The$organizational$and$management$ability$of$NWHF$'NWHF!has!in!the!period!had!a!small!secretariat!of!3J4!people,!which!must!be!considered!an!absolute!minimum,!given!the!foundation’s!wide!mandate.!The!current!organization!is!vulnerable! due! to! its! small! size! and! dependence! on! specific! individuals! for! different!work! streams,! something! that! is! not! sustainable! over! time! (the! Board! has! also! pointed!this! out).! While! the! Alternative! Strategy! 2010J2014! and! the! RBM! system! reflect! a!conscious! effort! by! NWHF! to! focus! its! work,! overstretching! is! still! a! concern.! The! RBMJsystem! has! not! been! fully! developed! nor! implemented,! something! that! likely! reflects!limited! managerial! capacity,! which! is! also! indicated! by! other! examples! of! lessJthan!optimal!management!routines!over!the!period.!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!86!5.1.2 Additional+conclusions+Brings$many$benefits$for$WHC$at$UNESCO$NWHF! is! much! appreciated! by! the! WHC.! NWHF! has! inJdepth! knowledge! and!understanding! of! UNESCO! and! a! high! standing! within! the! UNESCO! system.! NWHF! is!generally!considered!by!WHC!as!one!of!the!most!effective!C2Cs.!WHC!staff!also!generally!note! that!transaction! costs! of! dealing! with! NWHF! (mainly! in! the! form! of! time)! are!considered! justified! compared! with! the! value! gained.! The! benefits! for! WHC! relate! to!Periodic!Reporting,!Sustainable!Tourism!and!capacity!building!for!other!C2s.!The$ Norwegian$State$ Party$ representative$ is$ not$ content,$ but$ other$ government$stakeholders$are$generally$positive$to$their$cooperation$with$the$foundation$$There! is! a! longJstanding! disagreement! between! the! Cultural!Department!at! MoE,! which!represents! Norway! as! a! State! Party! to! the! Convention,! and! the! foundation,! where! the!former! argues! that! NWHF! does! not!fulfil!its! intended! role! to! be! a! Nordic! focal! point!facilitating! Nordic! engagement! in! line! with! the! mandate! given! in! the! Agreement.! This!conflict! is! probably! amplified! by! the! fact! that! MoE! have! no! direct! means! of! steering! the!foundation,! while! UNESCOJWHC! has! a! seating! in! the! board! and! thereby! has! an!opportunity! to! secure! followJup! of! its! priorities! in! NWHF’s! daily! work.!The!disagreement! between! MoE! and! NHWF! about! the! role! of! the! latter!appears! to! drain!resources! from! both! parties! (in! terms! of! time! and! attention),! and! could! be!compromising!the!foundation’s!effectiveness.!!$Representatives! from! ministries! and! departments! in! the! Norwegian! Government! other!than! the! Cultural! Department,! also! have! experience! with! cooperation! with! NWHF! in!specific! areas! and! over! time.! These!government!stakeholders! are! ! ! generally! positive,!both!about!the!usefulness!of!the!organisation!and!the!form!their!dialogue!have.!!Other$Nordic$countries$find$NWHF$very$useful,$but$are$reluctant$to$provide$fund$The! board! members! from! the! other! Nordic! countries! all!expresses!that! NWHF! acts! as! a!valuable! link! between! themselves! and! UNESCO,! and! in! particular! provides! an!informal!channel!that!can!complement!the!formal!channel!between!the!state!parties!and!UNESCO.!However,! other! Nordic! countries! only! contribute! inJkind!through! their! representatives!on! the! board.! There! seems! to! be! a! tacit! understanding! that! the! host! country!of!organisations!such!as! NWHF!should! provide!all!core!funding,! apparently! based! on! the!fact! that! different! countries! take! responsibility! for! different! organisations/themes,! and!that! the! financial! burden! as! such! evens! out.! Thus! the! lack! of! funding! from! the!other!Nordic! governments! does! not! appear! to! indicate! a! particular! problem! these!governments!have!with!NWHF.!However,!the!lack!of!Nordic!funding!may!also!imply!that!the! Nordic! governments! consider! NWHF! nice! to! have! but! not! a! real! necessity! for! their!WH!work.!!!Still$a$rather$weak$Nordic$dimension$The! Agreement! stipulates!that! NWHF! shall! facilitate! that! Nordic! experts! support! the!WHC,! whereas! the! Alternative! Strategy! puts! NWHF! itself! in! the! role! of! working! with!WHC! and! international! partners.! Among!relevant!Nordic! researchers,! the! knowledge!about! NWHF! seems! to! be! limited,! and! there! is! no! regular! cooperation!between! NWHF!and!these!milieus.!The!Nordic!dimension!has!however!been!somewhat!strengthened!the!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!87!last!years,!for!instance!with!a!more!active!approach!towards!Nordic!World!Heritage!site!managers,!both!regarding!PR!and!Sustainable!Tourism.!!Limited$visibility$and$Nordic$relevance$There!generally!seems!to!exist!some!confusion!on!what!the!foundation!is!and!how!it!can!be! used! by! the! different! stakeholders.! The! questionnaire! clearly! showed! that! NWHF! is!not! well! known! among!relevant!academic!milieus.!NWHF! has! recognised!the! lack! of!visibility;! the! board! adopted! an!“Information! and! Communication! Strategy! (for! 2012J2014)”!in! 2011,! and! an! Action! Plan! in! December! 2012.!This! plan! addresses! the! general!public,!WH!Site!managers/coordinators,!WH!network!and!other!C2C,!whereas!a!focus!on!Nordic! experts! in! academia! and! elsewhere! is! lacking.! The! Action! Plan! will! be!implemented!in!2013,!but!according!to!the!board!there!is!a!need!for!additional!resources!to! allow! for! its! implementation.! In! our! view,! the! plan! does! not! fully! cover! the! need! to!become!more!visible!and!relevant!for!Nordic!stakeholders. Unclear$role$in$Sustainable$Tourism$NWHF! has! given! priority! to! Sustainable! Tourism! during! several! years.! NWHF! has!participated! and! contributed! at! national! and! regional! network! meetings.! They! have!followed! up!The! Tourism! Programme!with! technical!expertise,! engagement! and!as! a!promoter.!They!have!built!up!an!expertise!within!the!secretariat!and!this!year!they!are!a!coJorganiser! of! the!Nordic! Baltic! Regions!meeting! at! Karlskrona.! !NWHF! presented! a!programme!proposal!for!a!NordicJBaltic!model!region!for!WH!and!ST!in!St!Petersburg!in!2012,!which!is!the!first!regional!implementation!of!the!Sustainable!Tourism!Programme!after! its! adoption! in! St! Petersburg.! The! goal! of! the! project! is! to! contribute! to! tools! for!assessing! and! developing! ST! and! WH! properties.! The! project! is! supposed! to! result! in! a!supplementary! tool! for! the! PR! exercise! concerning! ST! and! consists! of! two! phases! 1)!analytical! framework! and! 2)! a! strategy! framework! with! users! guidelines.! Within! their!work!with! ST!the! foundation! has!provided! their! own!expertise!and! has! neither! used!academic! milieus! nor! facilitated!involvement!of!technical!expertise!or!stakeholders!within!the!Nordic!Region.!Using!and!facilitating!Nordic!experts!would!have!been!more!in!line!with!the!mandate!(as!a!focal!point),!then!building!own!competence.!Successful$work$with$Periodic$Reporting$With! regards! to! Strategic! Objectives! on! Periodic! Reporting,! NWHF! has! assisted! NordicJBaltic!state!parties!as!well!as!WHC’s!Africa!and!Europe/NA!units.!The!PR!exercise!in!the!NordicJBaltic! region! is! performed! according! to! objectives! and! schedules;!State!Parties,!focal! point! and! site! manager! are! participating! in! a! coherent! manner,! and! increased!capacity!has!been!fostered!at!State!Party!institutions!as!well!as!at!Site!level.!With!regards!to! C2!Centres,! NWHF’s! work! has! clearly! contributed! to! increased! capacity! at! AWHF.!With! regards! to! the! indicators! for! the! strategic! approaches,! it! does! seem! that! NWHF! is!the! preferred! partner! for! Nordic! institutions! when! it! comes! to! Periodic! Reporting.!Periodic! Reporting! appears! to! be! a! highly! useful! area! for! NWHF! to! be! involved! in,!because!it!puts!NWHF!in!contact!with!the!main!players!and!helps!it!understand!regional!priorities;! this! in! turn! should! help! it! focus! its! work.! In! the! case! of! the! NordicJBaltic!region,!Periodic! Reporting! may! also! serve! as! a! useful! platform! for! NWHF! to! develop! its!competency!as!a!Nordic!focal!point.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!88!Why$focus$on$strategies$for$C2C?$The! achievement! of! the! third! Strategic! Objective,! Implementation! of! the! UNESCO!Integrated! Comprehensive! Strategy! for! C2!Centres! and! Institutes,! is! also! considered!high.!The!work!NWHF!is!doing!in!this!area!is!very!helpful!for!UNESCO!and!the!other!C2s,!especially! since! the! efficiency! of! UNESCO! work! with! the! increasing! number! of! C2s! has!become!an!important!issue!within!UNESCO!during!its!budget!crisis.!However,!the!benefit!of! these! activities! to! the! Norwegian! government,! as! well! as! the! other! Nordic!governments,!is!more!doubtful.!It!is!also!difficult!to!see!how!this!work!fits!with!the!roles!described! in! the! mandate.! In! light! of! the! mandate,! it! would! seem! that! capacity! building!and! support! to! C2s! should! take! the! form! of! facilitation! of! involvement! of! Nordic! expert!milieus!in!areas!where!these!milieus!have!special!expertise!of!international!interest.!Fund$raising$not$prioritised$It! is! not! exactly! clear! why! the! foundation! to! such! a! little! extent! has! prioritized!fundraising,! when! this! is! an! explicit! role! highlighted! in! the! mandate.! The! need! too!fundraise! is! also! pertinent! in! light! of! the! foundation’s! challenging! economic! situation.!The! financial! crisis! and! the! poor! climate! for!fundraising!it! has! created! (at! least! in!continental!Europa)!has!been!presented!as!a!reason!not!to!prioritize!fundraising.!A!likely!other!reason!for!low!activity!in!fundraising!is!that!the!present!staff!has!little!experience!and! competence! in! this! field.! Being! a! professional! fund! raiser! requires! specific!competencies!in!this!area,!as!well!as!more!continuous!effort!than!could!be!expected!from!the!present!small!staff.!A$basic$RBMRsystem$is$in$place,$but$needs$to$be$improved$NWHF!has!developed!an!ambitious!RBM!system,!but!the!evaluation!reveals!that!it!is!not!yet! fully! in! place.! For! instance,! when! the! strategy!uses! vague! formulations! such! as!“provide!assistance”!and!“increase!capabilities”,!it!is!difficult!to!say!that!the!foundation!is!not! achieving! its! strategy! as! long! as! it! is! keeping! some! activity! going! on! the! relevant!issues.!NWHF! regularly! reports! progress! according! to! their! work! plans,! but! this! is! not!systematically! tied! to! the! RBM! system.! Monitoring! and! evaluation! are! activities! that!have!so!far!not!been!implemented.!There!is!a!risk!that!the!present!RBMJsystem!obscures!NWHF’s!accountability.!!5.2 Recommendations+The! conclusions! reveal!that,! while!the! quality! of! the! work! the! foundation! carries! out! is!recognized!as!high!and!useful!for!many!stakeholders,!there!are!room!for!improvements,!especially! in! order! to! secure! a! better!alignment!between! the! mandate! and! actual!activities.! There! is! a! need! for! the! type! of! work! NWHF! is! doing,! but!it!is! not! obvious! that!the! present! organisation!(i.e.! as! an! independent! foundation)!is! the! optimal! way! to!organise!these!tasks.!!In! order! to! improve! the! function! of! NWHF,! and! to! ensure! a! better! consistency! between!the!mandate!and!the!actual!activities!our!recommendations!are:!Increase$ cooperation$ with$ Nordic$ experts,$ both$ in$ academia$ and$ elsewhere,$ in$ order$ to$facilitate$the$dissemination$of$their$competence$in$the$UNESCO$system$$Establishment! of! a! network! of! Nordic! experts! on! WH! issues!would! help! make! NWHF! a!Nordic! focal! point,! and! enhance! the! attainment! of! the! objectives! in! the! Agreement.!Continued! work! on! Periodic! Reporting! within! the! NordicJBaltic! region! could! provide! a!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!89!useful!platform!for!this.!NWHF!could!achieve!more!if!they!to!a!less!extent!involved!their!own! staff! directly! in! projects! and! processes,! and! to! a! larger! extent! facilitated!engagement!of!experts!from!external!Nordic!milieus.!!Redirect$the$professional$profile$of$the$secretariat$In! order! to! be! able! to! act! as! a! Nordic! focal! point! effectively,! NWHF! should!ideally!have!staff! with!working! experience! from! or! with! Nordic! organizations! and! institutions!working! on! WHJissues,! as! well! as! strong! professional! networks! among! such!organizations.! Moreover,! as! fundraising! is! a! central! role! in! the! mandate! and! crucial! to!ensure! the!financial! sustainability! of! the! organization,! proven! fundraising! competence!involving!public!and!private!donors!should!be!included!in!the!secretariat.!!Increase$the$Nordic$dimension!Including!other!Nordic!nationalities!in!the!staff,!on!a!permanent!or!interim!basis,!where!the! latter! can! take! form! as! an! internship! for! Nordic! students! in! appropriate! disciplines,!can!strengthen!the!Nordic!dimension.!This!can!make!the!foundation!more!visible!among!Nordic! stakeholders! and! increase! its! relevance.!The! foundation! could! also! be!responsible! for! organizing!an! annual! conference! of! Nordic! experts! dealing! with!natural!and!cultural! heritage,! in! order! to! bring! together! Nordic! experts! and! relevant!stakeholders!from!the!WHC!community!and!elsewhere.!Expand$the$funding$base$In!order!to!provide!an!incentive!to!both!the!Secretariat!and!other!potential!funders,!MoE!should! consider! providing! matching! funds! for! certain! types! of! donors,! e.g.,! the! private!sector!and!foundations.!Ensure$a$common$understanding$between$the$parties$of$the$Agreement$The! present! formulations! in! the! Agreement! leave! room! for! interpretation! of! the!activities! NWHF! should! pursue.! It! is! important! that! the! agreement! parties! have! a! clear!and! common! understanding! of! what! they! expect! from! NWHF,! and! that! a! possible! new!Agreement!reflects!this!clearly.!Strengthen$the$dialogue$between$MoE$and$NWHF$$In!order!to!improve!effectiveness!and!ensure!synergies!and!the!longJterm!sustainability!of! the! foundation,! there! is! a! need! for! an! improved! dialogue! between! MoE!and! NWHF.!Better! cooperation! and! a! common! understanding! of! the! role! of! NWHF! must! be! ensured!between!NWHF!and!MoE.!Increase$ the$visibility$of$ the$ foundation,$ both$ targeting$ the$ general$ public$ and$ Nordic$experts$External! marketing! and! profiling!ought! to! be! strengthened! with! regards! to! the! general!public,!the!World!Heritage!sites!and!relevant!Nordic!experts.!The!two!first!target!groups!are! being! addressed! in! the! still!unJimplemented,! communication! plan.! Nordic! experts!should!either!be!included!in!this!plan!or!addressed!in!a!separate!strategy!(e.g.,!included!as! a! part! of! the! strategy! to! work! as! a! focal! point,! strengthen! the! Nordic! dimension! and!establish!a!network!of!these!experts).!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!90!Develop$material$showing$relevance$and$inviting$cooperation$NWHF! could! for! instance!produce! some! short,! easily!understandable! printed!information! (promotion)! aimed!at!all! persons! involved! in! the! work!related! to!Nordic!World! Heritage,! and! distribute! it! to! all! relevant! parties! (e.g.,! at! Nordic! conferences,!meetings,! to! new! WH!sites! etc.).! Important! questions! to! be! answered!could! include:!JWhat!is!NWHF?!JWhat!is!the!aim!of!NWHF?!!J!What!can!I!use!NWHF!for/!how!can!NWHF!support!me!or!my!site?!!Improve$the$present$RBMRsystem$The! RBM! system! needs! to!focus! on! using! indicators! that!are! measurable!and! that! to! a!greater! extend! are! linked! both! to! distinct! activities! at! NWHF! and! their! (direct)! outputs,!and!not! so! much!to!outcomes!that!are!dependent! upon! the! action! of! other! actors.!Implementing!monitoring!and!evaluation!routines!is!also!crucial.!A$thorough$analysis$of$different$organisational$setRups$!If! the! Agreement! parties! decide! to! enter! in! to! a! new! Agreement! when! the! present! ends!in! 2014! it! is! necessary! to! make! a! thorough! analysis! of! the! pro! and! cons! of! different!organisational! setJups! for! the! organisation.! It! is! important! that! both! parties! have! equal!steering!control!of!the!foundation.!!!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!91!Document)list!The!Document!list!is!structured!according!to!the!organisation!issuing!the!document,!and!after!date.!Ministry+of+Environment+Agreement$between$ UNESCO$ and$ the$ Government$ of$ Norway$ regarding$ the$ nordic$ world$heritage$ foundation$ as$ a$ centre$ under$ the$ auspices$ of$ UNESCO$ (Category$ 2).!Dated!01.10.08!Letters!to!NWHF:!!NWHF$–$Kontaktpunkt$ i$ Miljøverndepartementet$ og$ budsjettmessig$ plassering$ av$stiftelsens$grunnbevilgning!(NWHF!–!contact!point!at!the!Ministry!of!Environment,!and! budgetary! placement! of! the! basic! funding! of! the! foundation).! Dated!24.9.2004.:!NWHFs$ videre$ utvikling$ og$ innsats$(NWHF! further! development! and! efforts).!Letter!from!the!Minister!of!Environment!to!former!Head!of!Board!Siri!Frost!Sterri.!Dated!12.09.2008!NWHF$ og$ statsparten$ Norge:$ Roller,$ funksjoner$ og$ forventninger.$ (NWHF! and! the!State! Party! Norway:! roles,! functions! and! expectations).! Letter! and! memo.! Dated!23.03.2010!State$ budget,$ chapter$ 1400$ post$ 79,$ pledge$ to$ grant$ the$ Nordic$ World$Heritage$Foundation.!For!the!years!2011!(dated!21.01.2011),!2012!(dated!16.01.2012)!and!2013!(dated!12.02.2013)!Pledge$to$grant$for$the$World$Heritage$foundation$for$2004.!Dated!14.01.2004.!Miljøvernsamarbeidet$ mellom$ Norge$ og$ Myanmar.$ NWHF/UNESCOs$ søknad$ om$støtte.!(The! environmental! cooperation! between! Norway! and! Myanmar.!NWHF/UNESCO!application!for!support)!Dated.!11.12.2012.!NWHF+documents+Annual!reports,!accounts!and!company!information!(see!also!documents!related!to!board!meetings)!Annual$Report$2007$Annual$Report$2008$NWHF$Firmafakta$rapport.!10.12!2008.!(Company!Report)!D&B.!!Annual$Report$2009$Revisjonsberetning$ for$ 2010,!fra! Bakke! Hjelmaas! Larsen!(auditor's! report!for!2010)!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!92!Årsregnskap$2010!(Yearly!account!2010)!NWHF$Firmafakta$rapport.!2.10.2012.!(Company!Report)!Kredittopplysningen.no!!NWHF$Accounts$2012,!info!doc!03!13a!I!and!info!doc!03!13a!II,!to!Board!meeting!5!march!2013!!Strategy!development!and!strategy!Nordic$ World$ Heritage$Foundation$ Strategy$ 2009R2014,! to! the! Board! Meeting! 5!December!2008.!Work.Doc.!22/08!(16!p.)!Nordic$ World$ Heritage$ Foundation$ Strategy$ 2009R2014,! to! the! Board! Meeting! 16!April!2009.!Work.Doc.!05/09!Rev.!(16!p.)!!NWHF$ Alternative$ Strategy$ 2010R2014$ Progress$report,!to! the! Board! Meeting! 7!December!2009.!Inf.Doc.!16/09.!(6!p.)!NWHF$Alternative$Strategy$2010R2014,!to!the!Board!Meeting!15!April!2010.!Work!doc.!06/10!Rev.!(6!p.)!and!!Inf.Doc.!06/10.!(57!p.)!!Board!Meetings,!including!background!documents!NWHF!Board!Meeting!5/12,!2008:!Protocol.!Work.!Doc.!17/08.!NWHF!Board!Meeting!5/12,!2008:!Report!on!Work!Plan!2008.!Work.!Doc.!20/08.!NWHF!Board!Meeting!16/4,!2009:!Protocol.!Work.!Doc.!01/09.!NWHF!Board!Meeting!25/9,!2009:!Protocol.!Work.!Doc.!07/09.!NWHF!Board!Meeting!25/9,!2009:!Report!on!work!plan!2008.!Work.!Doc.!10/09.!NWHF! Board! Meeting! 7/12,! 2009:! NWHF! Biennial! Work! Plan! 2010J2011.! Work.!Doc!14/09.!NWHF!Board!Meeting!7/12,!2009:!Protocol.!!NWHF!Board!Meeting!15J16/4,!2010:!Report!on!work!plan.!Work.!Doc!04/10.!NWHF!Board!Meeting!15J16/4,!2010:!Protocol.!NWHF! Board! Meeting! 2/12,! 2010:! NWHF! work! plan! 2010J2011.! Work.! Doc!12/10.!NWHF!Board!Meeting!2/12,!2010:!Protocol.!Report! of! the! board! of! directors! 2010.! Paper! to! Board! Meeting! 11! April! 2011.!Work! doc! 04/11b!Rev.! Både! i! norsk! (Styrets! årsberetning! 2010)! og! engelsk!utgave!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!93!NWHF! Board! Meeting! 2/12,! 2011:! NWHF! work! plan! 2010J2011.! Work.! Doc!03/11.!NWHF!Board!Meeting,!2.12.2011.!MidJterm!assessment!of!NWHF!by!the!Nordic!Consulting!Group.!Work.!Doc.!10/11!NWHF! Board! Meeting! 2/12,! 2011:! NWHF! Biennial! work! plan! 2012J2013.! Work.!Doc.!12/11!Rev.!Report!from!Chair!on!Board!decision!10/11.!Not!dated.!NWHF!Board!Meeting!2/12,!2011:!Protocol.!Work.!Doc!07/11.!NWHF!Board!Meeting,!3.12.2012.!NWHF!Evaluation!2013.!Work.!Doc.!12/12.!NWHF!Board!Meeting,!5.3.2013.!Report!from!the!Chair!on!the!working!relationships!and!cooperation!with!the!MoE!and!the!evaluation!of!NWHF!2013.!NWHF! Board! Meeting! 23/4,! 2012:! Report! on! NWHF! Biennial! Work! Plan! 2010J2011!Work.!Doc.!04/12.!Rev.!NWHF!Board!Meeting!23/4,!2012:!Protocol.!!NWHF! Board! Meeting! 3/12,! 2012:! Report! on! Biennial! Work! Plan! 2012J2013.!Work.!Doc.!04/13.!Report!on!NWHF!Biennial!Work!Plan!2012J2013!(Main!activities!according!to!its!Strategic!Objectives!2012J2013!and!NWHF!RBM!Framework!and!Indicators!2010J2014).!Info!doc!09/12b!to!Board!meeting!3!December!2012.!NWHF!Board!Meeting!3/12,!2012:!Protocol.!!NWHF!Board!Meeting,!March!2013:!Protocol.!Work!doc.!01/13!!NWHF!Board!Meeting,!March!2013:!Agenda.!Work.!Doc.!02/13!NWHF!Board!Meeting,!March!2013:!Annual!accounts!with!notes.!Work.!Doc.!03/13a!NWHF!Board!Meeting,!March!2013:!NWHF!accounts!2012.!Inf.!Doc.!03/13a!I!NWHF!Board!Meeting,!March!2013:!Project!accounts!2012.!Ind.!Doc.!05/13a!II!NWHF!Board!Meeting,!March!2013:!Report!from!Board!of!Directors.!Work.!Doc.!03/13b!NWHF!Board!Meeting,!March!2013:!Report!on!work!plan_indicators!2012J2013.!Work.!Doc!04/13!Report!on!NWHF!Biennial!Work!Plan!2012J2013!(Main!activities!according!to!its!Strategic!Objectives!2012J2013!and!NWHF!RBM!Framework!and!Indicators!2010J2014).!Work!doc!04!13,!to!Board!meeting!5!March!2013!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!94!NWHF!Board!Meeting,!March!2013:!Information!issues.!Work!doc.!05/13.!!Progress!report:!NWHF’s!contribution!to!the!new!UNESCO!World!Heritage!and!Sustainable!Tourism!Programme!and!Action!Plan:!Towards!a!NordicJBaltic!Pilot!Region!for!World!Heritage!&!Sustainable!Tourism.!Info!doc!05!13a,!to!Board!meeting!5!march!2013!Progress!report:!Implementation!of!the!NWHF!Information!and!Communication!Strategy!(cf.!Work.Doc.!13/11!Rev.,!Decision!13/11,!Inf.Doc.!09/12c).!Info!doc!05!13b,!to!Board!meeting!5!march!2013!Letters!!Nordic$ World$ Heritage$ Foundations$ videre$ utvikling$ og$ innsats$–$avtroppende$styreleders$oppsummering$og$anbefaling!(NWHFs!further!development!and!efforts!–!summing! up! and! recommendations! from! departing! chairman! of! the! board).!Letter!from!Siri!Sterri!Frost!to!Minister!of!Environment!Erik!Solheim.!Søknad$ om$ tilskudd$–$statsbudsjettet$ 2011,$ kap$ 1400,$ post$ 79.!(Application! for!grant).!Letter!to!MoE.!Dated!28.04.2010!Myanmar:$ InstitusjonsR$og$ kapasitetsbygging$ for$ UNESCORverdensarv$ i$ Myanmar$(Myanmar:! institutional! and! capacity! building! for! UNESCO! World! Heritage! in!Myanmar).!Grant!Application!to!MoE.!Dated!29!May!2013.!Myanmar:$Miljøsamarbeidet.$ Søknad$ om$ tilleggsmidler$ for$ 2013$(Myanmar:!Environmental! cooperation.! Application! for! extra! grant! 2013).! Grant! Application!to!MFA.!Dated!29!May!2013.!C2!Centre!meeting!in!Oslo,!March!2013,!docs!Concept$note$and$agenda:!3rd!annual!meeting!of!the!UNESCO!WG!related!Category!2!Institites!and!Centres,!Oslo,!Norway,!5J8!March!2013.!+!List!of!participants.!2nd$Coordination$meeting$of$UNESCO$Category$2$Centres$on$World$Heritage.!IULM,!Milano,!Italy!–!22J23!Jan.!2012.!ResultRBased$Management$(RMB)$approach.!Briefing!(ppt)!by!Bureau!for!Strategic!Planning!at!UNESCO.!+!Checklists.!Culture$Sector$Strategy$for$category$2$institutes$and$centres$Sustainable!tourism!documents!!!Report$from$the$NordicRBaltic$Workshop$on$World$Heritage,$Tourism$&$Development.!Visby!Oct.!2012.!!Towards$a$NordicRBaltic$pilot$region$for$World$Heritage$&$Sustainable$Tourism.!Project!description!14!Feb.!2013.!!!AWHF!Periodic!Reporting!project!2012J2015!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!95!Application$ for$ grant$ from$ MFA,! February! 2012:! “Implementation! programme! of!Second!Periodic!report!in!Africa”.!Submitted!by!Africa!World!Heritage!Fund.!!Reply$ from$ MFA:! Grant! letter! for! RAFJ12/0051,! Implementation! of! Action! Plan!from!second!periodic!reporting!in!Africa.!(No!date.)!!Kenya!Lake!System!docs!Grant$letter!by!Norwegian!MoE,!dated!19!June!2007!Acceptance$letter!by!NWHF,!dated!25!July!2007!Report$letter!to!Norwegian!MFA,!dated!21!May!2010!Letter$from$AWHF$to$NWHF,!dated!27!Sept!2010:!“Re:!Final!disbursement!–!Great!Rift!Valley!Project”!+!print!of!email!correspondence!on!the!issue!in!2010!Nomination$ Proposal$ Kenya$ Lakes$ System$ in$ the$ Great$ Rift$ Valley!(Elementaita,!Nakuru!and!Bogoria),!2010.!Republic!of!Kenya.!(Original!returned!to!NWHF!desk!24.4.2013)!Myanmar!Draft$ mission$report$ Myanmar!3J9! January! 2013.! By! Direktoratet! for!Naturforvaltning!and!NWHF.!03.01.2013!Agreement$between$UNESCO$and$NWHF$in$the$field$of$safeguarding$natural$heritage$in$Myanmar.!Dated!26.02.2013!Different!NWHF!documents!Memorandum!of!Association!for!the!foundation!Nordic!world!heritage!Infobrosjyre!om!NWHF.!Letter!to!Minister!of!Env..!Dated!18.04.2004!Infobrosjyre!om!NWHF.!Letter!to!Minister!of!Development.!Dated!18.04.2004.!”UNESCO! senter! med! internasjonal! rolle”.! (Draft! letter! to! be! sent! out! to! all!embassies!by!the!Ministers.)!!NWHF:! Rettslige! rammer! for! Nordic! World! Heritage! Foundation! (notat).!24.9.2007!Kontaktmøte! NWHFJMD! 21.03.2013,! oppsummeringsnotat! (Contact! meeting!NWHFJMD!21!March!2013,!summary)!!NWHFs!Regional!Priorities.!Memo!dated!15!May!2013!UNESCO+Convention$on$the$Protection$and$Promotion$of$the$Diversity$of$Cultural$Expressions.!Paris!20!October!2005.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!96!General! Conference! 33th! session:! Resolutions.! Paris! 3J21! October! 2005.! Paragraph! 90:!Principles! and! guidelines! regarding! the! establishment!and! operation! of! UNESCO!institutes! and! centres! (category! 1)! and! institutes! and! centres! under! the! auspices! of!UNESCO!(category!2).!33C!WORLD!HERITAGE!COMMITTEE!30th!session:!Periodic!Reports!,!Presentation!of!Sections!I!and!II!of!the!Periodic!Report!for!Europe.!WHCJ06/30.COM/INF.11A!Paris,!23!June!2006!MediumJTerm!Strategy!2008J2013.!34!C/4!Executive! Board! 179! session:! Evaluation! of! the! Nordic! World! Heritage! Foundation! and!renewal!of!Category!2!Centre!Status.!179!EX/12,!Paris!21!March!2008!General! Conference,! 35th!session:! Implementation! of! the! Guidelines! and! Criteria! for!Category! 2! Institutes! and! Centres! Approved! in! 33C/Resolution! 90.!35! C/22!14! August!2009!WORLD! HERITAGE! COMMITTEE!35th! session:! Synthesis! and! analysis! of! the! Second!Cycle!of!Periodic!Reporting!in!Africa.!WHCJ11/35.COM/10A!Paris,!28!April!2011.!WORLD!HERITAGE!COMMITTEE!35th!session:!Global!strategy!for!a!representative,!balanced!and!credible!World!Heritage!List,!Presentation!and!adaptation!of!the!World!Heritage!strategy!for!capacity!building.!WHCJ11/35.COM/9B!Paris,!6!May!2011 WORLD!HERITAGE!COMMITTEE!36th!session:!Reports!of!the!World!Heritage!Centre!and!Advisory! Bodies,!5E:! World! Heritage! Tourism! Programme.!WHCJ12/36.COM/5E!Paris,!11!May!2012!WORLD! HERITAGE! COMMITTEE!35th! session:! Action! Plan! ARAB. WHCJ11/35.COM/INF.10C!Paris,!26!May!2011.!WORLD! HERITAGE! COMMITTEE!36th! session:! Action! Plan! AFRICA.!WHCJ12/36.COM/!INF.10D!Paris,!1!June!2012.!WORLD!HERITAGE!COMMITTEE!36th!session:!Future!of!the!World!Heritage!Convention!–!Progress!report!on!implementation.!WHCJ12/26.COM/12A.!Paris!1!June!2012.!ResultsJBased! Programming,! Management! and! Monitoring! (RBM)! approach! as! applied!at!UNESCO,!Guiding!Principles.!BSP/RBM/2008/1.REV.5!Paris!June!2011!!GENERAL! ASSEMBLY!18th!session:! Future! of! the! World! Heritage! Convention.! WHCJ11/18.GA/11.!Paris!1!August!2011.!GENERAL! ASSEMBLY!18th!session:!Evaluation! of! the!Global$ Strategy$and! the! PACT!Initiative.!WHCJ11/18.GA/8!Paris,!1!August!2011!General! Assembly! 18th! session:! Evaluation! of! the! Global! Strategy! and! PACT! Initiative.!WHCJ11/18.GA/8!Paris!7!–!9!November!2011.!Guidelines! for! the! formulation! of! 36! C/5! (2012J2013! biennium)! regular! programme!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!97!work!plans!(Activity/Office!5).!BSP/RBM/2012/2!REV.8!Paris,!July!2012!Executive!Board!190!session:!Category!2!institutes!and!centres.!Part!I.!190!EX/18.!Paris!7!September!2012!Executive! Board! 190! session::! Category! 2! Centres! and! Institutions,! Part! I.! 190! EX/18!Paris!7!September!2012.!Executive! Board! 190!session:! “Category! 2! Institutes! and! Centres:! Guidance! note! on! the!renewal! assessment! procedures! of! Category! 2! institutes/centres”!190! EX/INF.16,! 7!September!2012.!Executive! Board! 191! session:!Category! 2! Institutes! and! Centres,! Part! I!J!Report! on! the!Full!Cost!of!Category!2!Institutes!and!Centres.!191!EX/14Paris!4!March!2013.!Executive!Board!191!session:!Category!2!Institutes!and!centres!Part!I:!Report!on!the!full!cost!of!Category!2!institutes!and!centres.!191!EX/14.INF,!9!April!2013,!WORLD!HERITAGE!COMMITTEE!37th!session:!FollowJup!to!the!World!Heritage!Capacity!Building!Strategy!and!Progress!report!on!the!Wolrd!Heritage!related!Category!2!Centres.!WHCJ13/37.COM/6.!Paris!3!May!2013!Concept! Note! and! Agenda! 3rd!Annual! Meeting! of! the! UNESCO! World! Heritage! related!Category!2!Institutes!and!Centres,!Oslo,!Norway,!5J8!March!2013!!UNESCO! World! Heritage! and! Sustainable! Tourism! Programme! incl.! Action! Plan!(Brochure).!Not!dated!Other+Documents+(in+alphabetic+order)+Claussen,! J.,! E.! Sigvaldsen! and! T.! Bang! (2011):! Midterm! Assessment! of! Nordic! World!Heritage!Foundation.!Nordic!Consulting!Group!Evaluation! of! the! Nordic! World! Heritage! Foundation,! from! 2007!–!not! the! whole!document,!only!chapter!5J7!and!annex!Meld.! St.! 19! (2013J2013):! Regjeringens! internasjonale! kulturinnsats!(The! Norwegian!Government!international!contribution!on!culture)!Meld.!St.!33!(2011J2012):!Norge!og!FN:!Felles!framtid,!felles!løsninger!(Norway!and!UN:!Common!future,!common!solutions)!Norad! (2009):! Evaluation! of! Norwegian! Support! to! the! Protection! of! Cultural! Heritage.!Evaluation!Report!4/2009!Note! from! the! working! group! that! followed! up! the! evaluation! of! Norwegian! support! to!the! protection! of! cultural! heritage! in! developing! countries,! Norad! evaluation! report! no.!4/2009.!No!date.!Success! criteria!for! good! heritage! projects.! (Developed! as! a! followJup! of! Norad!evaluation!report!4/2009.)!No!date.!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!98!Appendix(I(–!Interwieved*organisations+!AWHF!Directorate!for!Nature!Management!(Environmental!Agency)!ICOMOS,!Norway!IUCN,!international!Norwegian!Ministry!of!Finance!(2)!!Norwegian! Ministry! of! Environment! (Cultural! Heritage!Management!(4),!International!Department!(1))!NIKU!Norges!verdensarv!NWHF!Board!(6)!NWHF!Secretariat,!including!former!employees!(4)!The!Norwegian!Directorate!for!Cultural!Heritage!(2)!UNESCO!(Internal!Oversight!Service!(1),!WHC!(5))!UNESCO!Nordic!and!Baltic!National!Commissions!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!99!Appendix!II!P!Questionnaire+The! questionnaire! was! sent! to! 71!persons,! in! 45! different! organisations.! Of! these! 32!replied!to!the!eJmail,!but!only!27!answered!the!questionnaire,!see!table!I.1.!The!5!replies!without!answering!the!questionnaire!mainly!expressed!no!interaction!what!so!ever!with!NWHF,!and!therefore!had!no!basis!for!answering!the!questions.!!As! can! be! seen!in! table! AII.1! World! Heritage! organisations! had! the! lowest! reply! rate,!followed! by!Nordic!researchers! and! experts.! The! highest! reply! rate! was! from!site!managers! at!Nordic!World!Heritage!sites.! The! National!Commissions!to! UNESCO!also!had! a! rather! high! reply! rate,! but!on! the! other! hand!2!of! these! replied! that! they! had! so!little! knowledge! and! point! of! contacts! with! NWHF! that! they! felt! it! was! not! right! to!answer!the!questionnaire.!Table!AII.1!!Type!of!organisation/profession!No!of!persons!questionnaire!sent!to!No!of!replies1!Reply!rate,!%!UNESCO!National!commission!7!4!(2)!57,1!Ministries!and!directorates!(Nordic!countries)!12!7!(3)!58,3!Research!institute!(Nordic)!23!7!30,4!WH! organisations! (ICOMOS,! ICCROM,! IUCN!etc)!10!2!20,0!WH!Site!Managers!(Nordic!countries)!10!8!80,0!UNESCO!7!3!42,9!Category!2!Centres!2!1!50,0!TOTAL!71!32!(5)!45,1!1!Number!in!parentheses!represents!replies!without!answering!the!questionnaire!A! general! impression! from! the! questionnaire! is! that! persons! who! haven´t! had! contact!with!the!foundation!the!latest!years!are!more!negative!than!persons!who!are!in!more!or!less!regular!contact!with!the!foundation.!!Another! general! impression! from! the! questionnaire! is! that!most! respondents! are! in!contact!with!NWHF!a!couple!of!times!a!year,!i.e.!that!few!of!them!are!in!regular!contact.!NWHF!gets!a!”high!score”!on!being!helpful!in!the!respondents!work!with!World!Heritage!issues,!with!9!replying!respectively!Very!helpful/essential!and!quite!helpful.!!When! it! comes! to! contribution! to! the! mediumJterm! strategies! of! UNESCO! in! the!implementation! of! the! World! Heritage!Convention!9! answers! that! they! make! an!important!contribution.!But!for!the!other!priority!areas!(act!as!a!focal!point!bringing!the!Nordic! countries! together! in! their! collective! attempt! to!fulfil!the! requirements! of! the!Convention!and! its! implementation,!support! the! Secretariat! of! the!Convention!by!facilitating!technical!expertise,!disseminating!information!and!contributing!to!innovative!projects,!and!mobilise!funds!from!bilateral!and!multilateral!sources!and!private!sources![J]!for!World!Heritage!Convention!efforts!in!developing!countries)!the!respondents!are!a!bit!more!critical!–!but!generally!NWHF!gets!high!score!for!the!work!they!are!doing.!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!100!Researchers/academia:! 4! of! the! 8! researchers! have! either! had! no! cooperation! with!NWHF! at! all! or! not! during! the! period! covered! in! the! evaluation.!The! 4! who! have! had!contact! with! NWHF! states! that! they! have! contact! less! than! a! couple! of! times! a! year.! No!one! answers! yes! to! the! question! ”Has! NWHF! facilitated! engagement! of! (or! used)! you! or!your! institution's! expertise! in! work! related! to! implementation! of! the! WH!Convention?”.!This,! together! with! the!rather!low!response!rate! for! researchers,! confirms!the! finding!that! NWHF! have! had! little! contact! with! Norwegian! experts! on! World! Heritage! issues.!Three!of!the!researchers!also!reply!that!NWHF!does!not!really!act!as!a!Nordic!focal!point,!whereas!2!replies!that!NWHF!does!this!to!some!extent.!!Site$ Managers$at! Nordic! WH! site!have!all!been! working! with! NWHF! on! periodic!reporting,! four! on!sustainable! tourism! and! six! on!World! Heritage! issues! in! the! Nordic/JBaltic! region.! Except! for! two! who! states! that! they! are! in! contact! with! NWHF! once! a!month! on! average,! all! are! in! contact! with! NWHF! a! couple! of! times! per! year.! 5! consider!NWHF!to!be!very!helpful!in!their!work!with!World!Heritage!issues,!2!that!they!are!quite!helpful,!and!1!states!that!NWHF!neither!makes!a!positive!nor!negative!difference!for!this!work.!!Table!5.1!Results!from!the!questionnaire!QUESTION'No.'of'answers'On$what$topics$do$you$(your$institution)$cooperate$with$NWHF?$$(Several$answers$possible)$Sustainable!tourism!in!the!Nordic!region!10!Periodic!Reporting!according!to!UNESCO!standards!17!World!Heritage!issues!in!the!Nordic!and/or!Baltic!region!13!World!Heritage!projects!in!developing!countries!9!Fundraising!1!How$often$are$you$(or$your$institution)$in$contact$with$NWHF?$Every!other!day,!on!average!0!Once!a!week,!on!average!1!Once!a!month,!on!average!5!A!couple!of!times!a!year,!on!average!11!Less!than!a!couple!of!times!a!year!7!To!my!knowledge!we!have!never!been!in!contact!with!NWHF!2!To$what$extent$do$you$consider$the$NWHF$to$be$helpful$in$your$work$with$World$Heritage$issues?$$Very!helpful/essential!!9!Quite!helpful!!9!NWHF!neither!makes!a!positive!nor!negative!difference!for!this!work!3!NWHF’s!activities!sometimes!hinders!my!work!on!WH!issues!0!NWHF’s!activities!creates!serious!problems!for!my!work!on!WH!issues!0!Not!relevant!5!Has$NWHF$facilitated$engagement$of$(or$used)$you$or$your$institution's$expertise$in$work$related$to$implementation$of$the$WH$Convention?$Yes,!several!times!in!the!period!2008J2013!5!Yes,!but!only!one!or!a!very!few!times!6!No!8!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!101!QUESTION'No.'of'answers'Not!relevant!7!One$ of$ NWHF’s$ statutory$ objectives$ is$ to$ contribute$ to$ the$ mediumRterm$ strategies$ of$ UNESCO$ in$the$ implementation$ of$ the$ World$ Heritage$Convention.$ To$ what$ extent$ do$ you$ experience$ that$NWHF$contributes$to$these$strategies?$$To!a!very!high!extent!9!To!some!extent!6!They!do!not!really!contribute!1!I!don’t!know/not!relevant!9!One$ of$ NWHF’s$ statutory$ priorities$ is$ to$ “act$ as$ a$ focal$ point$ bringing$ the$ Nordic$ countries$together$ in$ their$ collective$ attempt$ to$fulfil$the$ requirements$ of$ the$Convention$and$ its$implementation”.$To$what$extent$do$you$experience$that$NWHF$acts$as$such$a$focal$point?$$To!a!very!high!extent!6!To!some!extent!9!They!do!not!really!act!as!such!a!focal!point!5!I!don’t!know/Not!relevant!6!They!consistently!provide!all!these!types!of!support!5!One$ of$ NWHF’s$ statutory$ priorities$ is$ to$ “support$ the$ Secretariat$ of$ the$ Convention$ by$ facilitating$technical$ expertise,$ disseminating$ information$ and$ contributing$ to$ innovative$ projects.”$ To$ what$extent$do$you$experience$that$NWHF$provides$such$support?$They!to!some!extent!provide!such!types!of!support!7!They!do!not!really!provide!such!types!of!support!2!I!don’t!know/Not!relevant!11!One$ of$ NWHF’s$ statutory$ priorities$ is$ to$ “mobilise$ funds$ from$ bilateral$ and$ multilateral$ sources$and$ private$ sources$ [R]$ for$ World$ Heritage$Convention$efforts$ in$ developing$ countries.”$ To$ what$extent$do$you$experience$that$NWHF$is$able$to$mobilise$funds?$!To!a!very!high!extent!1!To!some!extent!6!They!do!not/hardly!at!all!mobilize!funds!2!I!don’t!know/Not!relevant!16!NWHF$ has$ three$ strategic$ objectives:$ promote$ sustainable$ development$ through$ tourism;$strengthening$ UNESCOs$ Periodic$ Reporting$ Tool;$implementation$ of$ a$ strategy$ for$Category$ 2$Centres.$Which$of$these$areas$are$most$important$to$you?$(Several$answers$possible)!Sustainable!development!through!tourism!13!The!Periodic!Reporting!tool!15!Strategy!for!Category!2!Centres!4!None!of!these!4!!!+

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!102!Appendix(III(P!The$UNESCO$MediumPTe r m % S t r a t e g y % 2 8P2013+The! UNESCO! MediumJTerm! Strategy! 2008J2013! (34/c4)! sets! out! the! strategic! vision!and!programmatic!framework!for!UNESCO’s!action!in!the!period!in!all!its!domains!at!the!global,! regional! and!country! levels.! ! The! strategy! describes! five! core! functions! for!UNESCO:! i)! laboratory! of! ideas,! ii)! standardJsetter,! iii)! clearing! house,! iv)! capacityJbuilder!in!MemberJStates!in!UNESCO’s!fields!of!competence,!v)!catalyst!for!international!cooperation.!The!strategy! notes! that! UNESCO! shall! accord! priority! to!Africa!and! to!gender! equality!in! all! its! fields! of! competence! throughout! the! duration! of! the! MediumJTerm! Strategy! (p.!8).! The! strategy! also! points! to!youth! being! a! priority! group!and! two!priority! groups!of! countries;! the! least! developed! countries! (LDCs)! and! small! island! developing! states!(SIDS).!With!regards!to!Africa,!UNESCO!intends!to!give!priority!and!fresh!impetus!to!its!support!for! development! efforts! in! Africa,! aimed! principally! at! meeting! major! goals! and!international! commitments! such! as! education! for! all! (EFA),! the! Millenium! Development!Goals! (MDGs)! and! those! of! the! African! Union,! incl.! NEPAD,! that! provide! a! common!framework!for!concrete!international!action.!!With!regards!to!gender!equality,!UNESCO!shall!pursue!gender!equality!through!women!empowerment! and! gender! mainstreaming! in! Member! States! and! within! the!organization.! This! includes! mainstreaming! gender! equality! issues! throughout! the!programming! cycle! at! all! programme! levels! and! reporting! results! against! specific!genderJrelevant! indicators,! as! well! as! building! commitment,! competence! and! capacity!for! gender! mainstreaming! through! dedicated! capacity! development! and! resources! for!these!purposes.!!The! MediumJTerm! Strategy! lists! 5! Overarching! Objectives! (OO),! with! a! total! of! 13!Strategic!Programme!Objectives!(SPO)!(ref.!figure!below):!J OO1:!Attaining!quality!education!for!all!and!lifelong!learning!J OO2:!Mobilizing!science!knowledge!and!policy!for!sustainable!development!J OO3:!Addressing!emerging!social!and!ethical!challenges!J OO4:!Fostering!cultural!diversity,!intercultural!dialogue!and!a!culture!of!peace!J OO5:!Building!inclusive!knowledge!societies!through!information!and!communication!!These! objectives! pertain! to! UNESCO’s! total! activities! and! thus! work! related! to!implementation! of! the! WH!Convention!should! in! different! ways! contribute! to! the!objectives.! Especially! the! OOs! “Mobilizing! science! knowledge! and! policy! for! sustainable!development”! and! “Fostering! cultural! diversity,! intercultural! dialogue! and! a! culture! of!peace”!with!SPOs,!fit!with!WH!Convention!related!work.!!!!!

Evaluation!of!NWHF!Vista!Analyse!AS!!103!!!!

Evaluation*of*NWHF*Vista*Analyse*AS*104*Appendix(IV""!!Secretariat(staff(and(main(responsibilities(in(the!period'2008!2013"""Position'2008'2009'2010'2011'2012'2013'Main'area'of'responsibility'Director(Ann9Kristin*Endresen*(19969present)*Reports* to* the* Board* of* Directors.* Responsible* for*management,* bi9annual* budgets* and* work* plans* and*reports,* accounts,* audits,*HR,* internal* management* and*coordination*with*the*World*Heritage*Centre.*Deputy(Director(*Cecilie*Smith9Christensen*Aug*20089present*(maternity*leave*April*20139april*2014)*reports*to*the*director,*special*responsibility*for*the*development*and*implementation*of*the*World*Heritage*Sustainable*Tourism*Program*(WHSTP)*of*UNESCO*Adviser(*Ole*Søe*Eriksen*Aug*20099*present*(one*year*contract*in*2009,*permanent*position*since*Aug.*2010)*Program*Officer,*special*responsibility,*Nordic9Baltic*region*and*Periodic*Reporting*and*FK*exchange*(Fredskorps*utvekslingen*med*African*World*Heritage*Fund)*Adviser(*****Carol*Westrik**May*20139april*2014*WHSTP,*implementation*in*the*Nordic9Baltic*region,*first*pilot*region*for*WHSTP.*Adviser(*****Synnøve*Vinsrygg*Myanmar9project*Adviser(Marko*Pedersen*(Jan*20069april*2010)****Natural**Heritage*expert*responsible*for*Madagaskar*rainforest*project*and*Lakes*of*Kenya*nominations*Adviser(***Line*Tresselt**junior*program*officer*after*FK*exchange*Participants(of(the(FK(project,(see(2.6.1(**Line*Tresselt****Support*to*AWHF****Ingvild*Baustad*****Ida*Breckan*Claudi*****Thea*Natalie*Finstad****Sandra*Bruku***Support*to*NWHF****Aicha*El*Baloui**Do*note*that*overlaps*between*people*in*individual*years,*such*as*between*Cecilie*Smith9Christensen*and*Carol*Westrik*in*2013,*usually*implies*that*one*person*is*taking*over*from*the*other*and*not*that*the*persons*worked*in*NWHF*at*the*same*time.****

Evaluation*of*NWHF*Vista*Analyse*AS**105*Appendix(V((!!Main%projects%and%activities%in%relation%to%Strategic%Objectives"Main* projects* and* activities* referred* to* in* NWHF’s* annual* reports* and* workplans* 200892013* and* their* relation* to* the* Strategic* Objectives* (SO)* of*NWHF’s*strategy*for*201092014.*Does*not*include*general*participation*in*processes*and*meetings.((!2008*2009*SO*2010*2011*2012*2013*Project:*Natural*Heritage*in*Africa*Project:*Natural*Heritage*in*Africa*n/a*Project:*Natural*Heritage*in*Africa*9*9*9*Project:*Promoting*WH*in*Madagascar*Project:*Promoting*WH*in*Madagascar*n/a*Project:*Promoting*WH*in*Madagascar*9*9*9*9*9*n/a*9*9*9*Project:*Safeguarding*natural*heritage*in*Myanmar*within*the*WH*framework*9*Nordic*workshop:*Using*the*IUCN/UNESCO*Enhancing*Our*Heritage*toolkit,*for*WH*site*managers.*(Denmark)*n/a*9*9*9*9*Study:*The*role*of*biodiversity*and*sustainable*tourism*in*promoting*the*UN*MDGs*9*1.1*9*9*9*9*9*Nordic9Baltic*workshop*on*WH,*Tourism*and*Development*(planning)*1.1*Nordic9Baltic*workshop*on*WH,*Tourism*and*Develop9ment.*(Visby,*Sweden)*where*the*project*Towards*a*Nordic9Baltic*pilot*region*for*WH*&*ST*(201292014)*was*established.*Preparing*papers*for*the*36com*in*St*Petersburg*2012*(supported*by*the*Gov*of*Switzerland)**36com,*in*St*Petersburg;*The*WH*and*ST*Programme*adopted.**NWHF*presented*the*project*“Towards*a*Nordic9Baltic*pilot*region*for*WH*&*ST”*(201292014)*“Towards*a*Nordic9Baltic*pilot*region*for*WH*and*ST.”**The*Nordic*WH*network*conference*in*Karlskrona,*Sweden,*autumn*2013.**

Evaluation*of*NWHF*Vista*Analyse*AS*106*2008*2009*SO*2010*2011*2012*2013*9*9*1.1*Support*to*WHC:*Development*of*the*WH*&*ST*Programme*at*WHC*Support*to*WHC:*Development*of*the*WH*&*ST*Programme*at*WHC*Support*to*WHC:*Development*of*the*WH*&*ST*Programme*at*WHC*9*9*Periodic*Reporting*in*the*Nordic9Baltic*region*1.2*Periodic*Reporting*in*the*Nordic9Baltic*region:*Workshop*in*Tallinn,*Estonia.*Periodic*Reporting*in*the*Nordic9Baltic*region:*Workshop*in*Reykjavik,*Iceland.*Periodic*Reporting*in*the*Nordic9Baltic*region:*Capacity*building*training**9*9*9*1.2*Support*to*WHC:*Technical*assistance*for*WHC/AFR*Support*to*WHC:*Technical*assistance*for*WHC/AFR*9*9*9*9*1.2*9*9*Project:*Implementation*programme*of*2nd*PR*in*Africa*Project:*Imple9mentation*programme*of*2nd*PR*in*Africa*Support*to*participants*from*developing*countries*to*attend*WH*meetings*Support*to*participants*from*developing*countries*to*attend*WH*meetings*1.3*(?)*Support*to*participants*from*developing*countries*to*attend*WH*meetings*Support*to*participants*from*developing*countries*to*attend*WH*meetings*Support*to*participants*from*developing*countries*(LDCs)*to*attend*WH*meetings**9*9*Support*to*AWHF:*Exchange*program*between*NWHF*and*AWHF*1.3*Support*to*AWHF:*Exchange*program*between*NWHF*and*AWHF*Support*to*AWHF:*Exchange*program*between*NWHF*and*AWHF*Support*to*AWHF:*Exchange*program*between*NWHF*and*AWHF*9*Support*to*C2*Centres:*MoU*with*AWHF*Support*to*C2*Centres:*MoU*with*WHITRAP*1.3*Support*to*C2*Centres:*Support*and*participate*in*network*Support*to*C2*Centres:*Support*and*participate*in*network*Support*to*C2*Centres:*Support*and*participate*in*network.*C2*Centre*strategy*progress*report*to*WH*Committee.**Support*to*C2*Centres:*Support*and*participate*in*network.*Hosting*C2*Centre*meeting*in*Oslo*Source:(Annual(report(2008.(Source:(Annual(report(2009.((Source:(Report(on(NWHF(work(plan(2010I2011((Work(Doc.(12/10)(Source:(Report(on(NWHF(Biennial(work(plan(2010I2011((Work(Doc.(04/12)(Source:(Report(on(NWHF(Biennial(work(plan(2012I2013((Work(Doc.(14/13)(Source:(Report(on(NWHF(Biennial(work(plan(2012I2013((Work(Doc.(14/13)(

Evaluation*of*NWHF*Vista*Analyse*AS**107*Appendix(VI!!!!Activities(of(NWHF(and$correspondence$with$the$Agreement"S01:*Promote*sustainable*development*through*tourism**Activities*201292013,**as*described*in*work*plan*Main*content*Correspondence*with*Agreement*§7*point*1*,2,*3*1.1*Technical*support*in*the*development*of*a*new*programme*on*WH*and*ST.*Contribute*to*the*development*of*the*document*and*presentation/launch*in*international*WH*fora.*Not*clear.*1.2*Strengthen*the*relationship*between*WH*and*ST*through*the*Periodic*Reporting*tool.*Map*synergies*between*PR*and*the*WH+ST*work*(incl.*the*project*“Towards*a*Nordic9Baltic*pilot*region*for*WH*and*ST”*201292014),*and*consult*with*stakeholders.*Consistent*with*role*as*Nordic*focal*point.*1.3*Follow9up*on*Nordic9Baltic*workshop*on*WH*and*ST*(Visby,*2010)*Stay*in*contact*with*partners*wrt.*integration*with*the*“Towards*a*Nordic9Baltic*pilot*region”9project.*Consistent*with*role*as*Nordic*focal*point.*1.4*Support*Stiftinga*Geirangerfjorden*Verdensarv*in*their*Green*Vision*Integration*with*the*“Towards*a*Nordic9Baltic*pilot*region”9project.*Consistent*with*role*as*Nordic*focal*point.*1.5*AFR*PR*follow9up*programme*for*sub9Saharan*Africa,*to*include*ST*strategies*in*management*plans*Project*development*based*on*the*action*plan*for*following*up*on*the*periodic*reporting*for*Africa.*Consistent*with*role*as*fundraiser*for*WH*projects*in*developing*countries.*1.6*Nordic9Baltic*region*Providing*information*to*N9B*States*Parties*and*stakeholders*about*NWHF’s*and*WHC’s*activities*on*WH+ST.*Consistent*with*role*as*Nordic*focal*point.*1.7*Internationally*Provide*information*on*N9B*initiatives*to*States*Parties*and*international*partners*incl.*C2*Centres.*Include*capacity*building*on*WH+ST*in*staff*exchanges*with*other*C2*Centres.*Providing*information*is*consistent*with*role*as*Nordic*focal*point.*Capacity*building*is*consistent*with*role*to*facilitate*assistance*to*WH*related*work*in*developing*countries*–*if*it*consists*of*engaging*relevant*Nordic*experts.****

Evaluation*of*NWHF*Vista*Analyse*AS*108*S02:*Strengthen*the*Periodic*Reporting*tool**Activities*201292013,**as*described*in*work*plan*Main*content*Correspondence*with*Agreement*§7*point*1*,2,*3*2.1*Nordic9Baltic*Capacity*Building*Training*workshop*for*national*focal*points.*Meeting*of*Western,*Mediterranean*and*Nordic*–Baltic*Europe*in*Berlin,*Oct.*2012.*Consistent*with*role*as*Nordic*focal*point.*2.2*Nordic9Baltic*Capacity*Building*Support*development*of*sub9regional/national*actions*plans*to*follow*up*on*PR*(autumn*2013)*Consistent*with*role*as*Nordic*focal*point.*2.3*National*assistance*activities*Capacity*building*for*Nordic9Baltic*site*managers,*in*Finland,*Sweden,*Denmark,*Norway*(2012).*Develop*three9year*training*programme.*Consistent*with*role*as*Nordic*focal*point.*2.4*Technical*assistance*for*WHC/P/EUR*Capacity*building*on*PR.*Contribute*to*analysis*and*development*of*European*PR*report*and*regional*action*plans.**Capacity*building*is*consistent*with*role*to*facilitate*technical*expertise,*if*it*consists*of*engaging*relevant*Nordic*experts.*2.5*Technical*assistance*for*WHC/P/AFR*Contribute*to*analysis*and*development*of*African*action*plan*201292017*for*follow*up*of*PR.**Follow9up*project*for*implementation*of*Action*Plan*(proposal*to*Norwegian*MFA)*Capacity*building*is*consistent*with*role*to*facilitate*technical*expertise,*if*it*consists*of*engaging*relevant*Nordic*experts.*Consistent*with*role*as*fundraiser*for*WH*projects*in*developing*countries.*2.6*Technical*assistance*for*WHC/P/APA*Follow9up*after*PR*for*Africa*Pacific,*incl.*capacity*building*on*nomination*processes.*Capacity*building*is*consistent*with*role*to*facilitate*technical*expertise,*if*it*consists*of*engaging*relevant*Nordic*experts.*2.7*Explore*sustainable*development*and*tourism*through*the*PR*tool*Strengthen*the*PR*tool*through*development*of*improved*indicators*for*sustainable*development*and*tourism*Unclear.***

Evaluation*of*NWHF*Vista*Analyse*AS**109*SO3:*Implementation*of*strategy*for*WH*capacity*building*(11/35)**Activities*201292013,**as*described*in*work*plan*Main*content*Correspondence*with*Agreement*§7*point*1*,2,*3*3.1*Support*of*the*“World*Heritage*Capacity*Building*Strategy*(CBS)*Cooperation*with*WHC,*IUCN,*ICCROM,*and*other*C2s.**Fundraising*from*Norwegian*MFA*to*participation*of*representatives*from*developing*countries*to*WH*Committee*meetings.*Unclear.*Capacity*building/support*is*consistent*with*role*to*facilitate*technical*expertise,*if*it*consists*of*engaging*relevant*Nordic*experts.*Consistent*with*role*as*fundraiser*for*WH*projects*in*developing*countries.*3.2*Establish*and*maintain*partnerships*with*other*C2s*Participation*and*contribution*to*annual*meetings*between*WH9related*C2s.*Participate*in*the*board*of*other*C2s*(AWHF*and*ARC9WH).*Unclear.*Capacity*building/support*is*consistent*with*role*to*facilitate*technical*expertise,*if*it*consists*of*engaging*relevant*Nordic*experts.*3.3*FK*Exchange*Exchange*of*employees*between*NWHF*and*AWHF.*Capacity*building*at*institutional*and*participant*levels.*Unclear.*Capacity*building/support*is*consistent*with*role*to*facilitate*technical*expertise,*if*it*consists*of*engaging*relevant*Nordic*experts.*3.4*Input*to*WH*processes*including*FotC*(35.COM/12A)*World*Heritage*Convention*and*SD*(35.COM/5E)*Attendance*at*expert*meeting*in*Brazil,*February*2012.*Unclear.*Providing*input*is*consistent*with*role*to*facilitate*technical*expertise,*if*it*consists*of*engaging*relevant*Nordic*experts.*3.5*Establish*linkages*to*other*standard*setting*instruments*Contribute*to*establish*such*linkages*in*WH*work,*in*contact*with*other*C2s*Unclear.**3.6*Develop*and*maintain*LoIs*and*MoUs*with*other*UN*organizations*and*NGOs*Engaging*other*C2s*to*be*active*partners*in*policy*development*processes*in*the*ONE*UN*reform.*Unclear.**3.7*Contact*point*and*resource*for*N9B*States*Parties*and*WH*activities*Provide*support*on*request*from*States*Parties*in*the*region,*incl.*assistance*in*General*Assembly*meeting,*participation*in*Nordic*Network*meetings,*participation*in*Norwegian*conference*on*World*Heritage*and*Local*Communities*(May*2012),*technical*support*to*Viking*nomination*project.**Consistent*with*role*as*Nordic*focal*point.*3.8*Result*Based*Management*Analyse*and*amend*work*plan*in*accordance*with*RBM.*Not*applicable.*3.9*Extra9budgetary*projects*in*Developing*Countries*Technical*support*to*the*development*of*Myanmar9Norwegian*cooperation*in*the*project*“Safeguarding*Natural*Heritage*in*Myanmar*within*the*WH*Framework”*Consistent*with*role*as*fundraiser*for*WH*projects*in*developing*countries.*3.10*NWHF*Information*and*Communication*Strategy*Implementation*of*the*information*and*communication*action*plan*201292013*(still*pending).*Consistent*with*role*as*Nordic*focal*point.*

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