End Review of Ethical Trading Initiative Norway for Norad

Report 2013/3

Rasmus Reinvang

End Review of Ethical Trading Initiative Norway for Norad

Category	Reports
Sub-Categories	Development Cooperation
Year	2013
Report Number	3
Author(s)	Rasmus Reinvang
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!RAPPORT 2013/03 End Review of Ethical Trading Initiative Norway for Norad !Rasmus!Reinvang!og!Ivar!Foss!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!1!!Document!Details!!Vista!Analysis!AS!Report!number!2013/03!!Title!!End!Review!of!Ethical!Trading!Initiative!Norway!for!Norad!!ISBN!978$82$8126$099$3*!Author!Rasmus!Reinvang!and!Ivar!Foss!!Date!of!report!January!29,!2013!!Project!Manager!Rasmus!Reinvang,!Vista!Analyse!AS!!Project!staff!Ivar!Foss,!Ivar!Foss!Quality!Management!AS!!Client!Norad!!Access!Public!!Project!period!!October!2012!–!January!2013!!Key!words!Ethical!Trade,!Evaluation,!Norad,!Norway,!India.!!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!2!!Preface!This!end!review!was!carried!out!in!the!period!October!2012!–!January!2013.!We!would!like!to!thank!IEH!staff!for!services!provided!in!the!process!as!well!as!other!stakeholders!in!Norway!and!India!who!took!time!to!comment!and!share!their!views!on!IEH’s!activities!and!the!important!topic!of!ethical!trade.!!!Oslo,!29!januar!2013!Rasmus!Reinvang!Prosjektleder!Vista!Analyse!AS!!!!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!3!!Content!!Executive!Summary!4!1!Introduction!8!2!Implementation!of!the!end!review!8!3!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade:!Description!and!analysis!9!3.1$About$IEH$9$3.2$IEH’s$agreement$with$Norad$2010=2012$9$3.3$Organizational$structure:$The$board$and$the$secretariat$10$3.4$IEH’s$strategy$12$3.5$Result$and$risk$based$management$13$3.6$Degree$of$dependence$on$Norad$and$exit$strategy$for$Norad$support$14$4!Results!in!supplier!countries,!with!a!caseDstudy!of!India!16!4.1$Activities$in$developing$countries$2010=2012$16$4.2$Results$in$light$of$original$targets$for$the$period$17$4.3$Feedback$from$Norwegian$members$on$international$activities$18$4.4$India:$Activities,$plans,$feedback$and$observations$20$4.5$Relevance$for$Norwegian$policy$and$future$potential$22$5!Members!evaluation!of!IEH’s!relevance!as!a!resource!centre!24!5.1$Findings$of$the$2012$web$survey$24$5.2$Feedback$from$annual$member$reports$(2010$and$2011)$25$6!Performance!analysis!26!6.1$Scope$of$activities$26$6.2$Results$compared$to$objectives$26$6.3$Are$the$$ambitions$for$IEH’s$activities$in$line$with$its$economic$resources?$30$6.4$Gender$considerations$and$risk$of$corruption$31$References!33!!Appendix!1:!List!of!interviewees!and!people!consulted!with!35!Appendix!2:!WebDsurvey!of!IEH!members!(in!Norwegian)!36!Appendix!3:!Interview!summary,!Indian!training!participants!44!!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!4!Executive)Summary!This!is!an!end!review!of!Ethical!Trading!Initiative!Norway´s!(IEH)!cooperation!with!Norad!in!the!period!2010[2012.!IEH!is!a!membership!organization!for!Norwegian!companies,!public!institutions!and!NGOs.!IEH!is!a!resource!center!with!the!main!purpose!of!strengthening!support!for!ethical!trade!and!to!enable!members!to!improve!ethical!standards!in!their!supply!chains.!IEH!also!address!framework!conditions!through!policy!work,!carries!out!trainings!for!suppliers!in!China,!India!and!Vietnam,!and!engages!in!awareness!raising!activities.!IEH!cooperates!with!international!partners!to!increase!its!impact.!The!IEH!is!a!governed!by!a!board!with!representatives!of!members,!which!include!major!stakeholders!from!Norwegian!businesses,!NGOs!and!public!institutions.!This!provides!a!solid!foundation.!The!10[person!secretariat!is!a!small!unit!with!a!flat!organization.!The!staff!all!has!higher!academic!degrees!and!generally!show!strong!commitment.!IEH!members,!international!partners!as!well!as!participants!in!trainings!in!supplier!countries!consistently!rate!IEH!staff!very!high!on!competence.!The!large!majority!of!IEH’s!members!in!general!report!a!high!level!of!satisfaction!with!IEH’s!services.!IEH!is!an!organization!with!a!strong!competence!base!and!is!a!highly!relevant!organization!with!regards!to!issues!related!to!increasing!trade!with!developing!countries!and!CSR.!!IEH!has!been!through!a!turbulent!time!in!2010[2012,!something!that!contributes!to!explain!significant!shortcomings!with!reaching!set!targets!(ref.!below).!IEH!had!three!CEOs!in!2010,!with!quite!different!ideas!about!the!development!of!the!organization!according!to!interviewees.!The!Development!Plan!2010[2013,!which!set!targets!and!indicators!for!the!work!in!the!period,!was!developed!under!the!first!CEO.!The!current!CEO!has!focused!on!adjusting!the!ambition!level!and!consolidating!the!organization.!We!consider!this!to!be!a!needed!and!realistic!approach,!and!that!this!work!needs!to!continue!in!order!to!reduce!performance!risks.!!In!the!period!2010[2012!IEH!has!to!a!large!extent!failed!to!reach!the!goals!specified!with!indicators!in!the!contract!with!Norad,!and!has!also!to!a!significant!extent!failed!to!reach!modified!goals!agreed!with!Norad!in!annual!meetings!during!the!period.!In!2011!IEH!reached!2!out!of!11!of!the!modified!goals!agreed!with!Norad,!while!3!of!the!indicators!could!not!be!measured.!For!2012,!data!per!August!indicate!that!IEH!will!likely!reach!most!revised!goals!related!to!activities!in!producer!countries!but!consistently!will!fall!behind!on!the!recruitment!goals.!IEH!has!in!general!worked!in!consistence!with!plans!and!progressed!towards!goals!in!the!period.!Considering!the!key!indicators!for!IEH!as!an!organization,!we!see!a!gap!between!the!ambitions!in!the!development!plan!for!the!period!and!in!revised!plans,!and!results:!Program!1:!Expansion!of!the!membership!base!has!largely!stopped,!contrasting!the!ambition!of!20%!growth!per!year.!126!members!by!the!end!of!2012!is!far!below!the!original!goal!of!223!members!and!also!below!the!revised!goal!(set!in!2011)!of!reaching!144!members.!!Program!2:!Services!to!members.!The!percentage!of!members!introducing!measures!to!improve!conditions!in!supply!chains!fell!from!2009!to!2011!(data!not!yet!available!for!2012)!and!is!below!50%!among!relevant!members.!However,!82%!of!members!report!to!have!made!changes!in!their!purchasing!practices.!Program!4:!Information!and!communication!about!ethical!trade!has!made!IEH!visible,!but!results!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!5!are!difficult!to!measure.!Communication!outreach!through!newsletters!was!by!August!2012!about!half!of!the!goal!set!in!the!Development!Plan!for!2010[2013,!but!in!line!with!the!modified!goal!for!2012!(set!in!2011).!!Program!5:!Promotion!of!ethical!trade!by!Norwegian!authorities!has!given!some!results!related!to!the!indicators!specified!by!IEH,!but!there!is!no!systematic!documentation!showing!the!extent!to!which!results!can!likely!be!attributed!to!IEH’s!activities.!IEH!has!certainly!contributed,!but!whether!this!contribution!has!been!effective!is!difficult!to!assess!without!further!studies.!The!goals!for!IEHs!work!have!been!changed!and!adapted!throughout!the!period!without!revising!the!contract!between!IEH!and!Norad,!which!refers!to!the!Development!Plan!for!the!period.!This!has!created!a!weak!framework!for!results[based!management!and!also!obscures!the!formal!commitments!of!IEH!towards!Norad.!When!it![!already!in!2010![!became!clear!that!the!goals!specified!in!the!contract!with!Norad!and!in!the!Development!Plan!were!unrealistic!(as!stated!by!IEH!staff),!IEH!should!probably!have!replaced!the!original!plan!with!a!revised!plan!setting!a!consistent!framework!for!the!work!in!the!remaining!part!of!the!contract!period.!!IEH!and!Norad!should!have!made!such!a!revised!plan!an!addendum!to!the!original!contract,!so!as!to!ensure!clarity!about!IEHs!commitments.!This!review!shall!look!more!in!depth!on!performance!related!to!Program!3:!Activities!in!producer!countries.!IEH!has!provided!thirteen!1!day/1.5!day!trainings!for!suppliers!of!IEH!member!organizations!(or!members!of!partner!organizations)!in!China,!India!and!Vietnam!in!the!period.!IEH!has!also!translated!the!Good!Practice!Guide!into!Vietnamese!and!facilitated!the!Local!Resources!Network!(LRN),!which!enables!contact!between!purchasers!and!local!resources!on!ethical!trade!issues.!IEH’s!promotion!of!decent!working!conditions!in!supplier!countries!was!reduced!in!scope!compared!with!original!plans,!as!activities!have!not!been!expanded!to!Bangladesh!and!Turkey!as!intended.!The!trainings!in!China!and!India!are!carried!out!with!local!consultants!specialized!in!labor!issues!on!short[term!contracts.!IEH!trained!454!people!in!India,!Vietnam!and!China!in!the!program!period!(by!Aug.!2012).!The!LRN!web[platform!was!at!the!time!of!the!evaluation!not!fully!functional,!due!to!technical!and!capacity!problems.!It!is!questionable!whether!the!cost!of!NOK!2.3!million!for!Program!3!(2010!and!2011)!is!justified.!We!note!the!fact!that!the!program!is!currently!entirely!paid!for!by!Norad.!We!have!looked!more!closely!at!trainings!in!India!as!a!case!study.!IEH!has!trained!75!people!in!India!over!three!years!of!which!24!were!trained!in!2012!(the!goal!for!2012!was!50).!At!the!2012!training,!producers!from!supply!chains!of!5!Norwegian!members!were!presented!and!also!producers!for!members!of!the!Danish!and!UK!initiatives!for!ethical!trade.!Interviews!with!participants!in!trainings!in!India!confirm!that!there!is!a!great!demand!for!CSR[related!trainings,!affirms!that!IEH!possess!a!high!level!of!knowledge!of!the!issues!involved,!and!generally!carries!out!trainings!in!a!competent!manner.!Many!interviewees!called!for!a!follow[up!mechanism!and!processes!allowing!for!sharing!of!experience!and!reporting!progress,!as!there!currently!is!no!follow[up!of!the!people!being!trained.!The!trainings!in!India!(and!in!China!and!Vietnam)!did!not!specifically!address!gender!issues,!in!spite!of!this!being!very!relevant!when!addressing!labor!issues!in!these!countries.!The!scale!of!activity!must!be!considered!small!in!an!Indian!context!and!the!outcome!is!likely!to!be!very!small.!!The!links!between!the!IEH!members’!own!ethical!trade!work!and!the!trainings!in!producer!countries!seem!weak.!A!web!survey!of!IEH!members!conducted!in!November!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!6!2012!indicates!that!only!27%!of!members!actually!make!use!of!the!trainings.!The!members!who!do!make!use!of!the!trainings!report!very!little!knowledge!about!the!effect!of!the!trainings!on!their!suppliers..!In!their!present!form,!the!trainings!do!not!seem!to!be!properly!justified!from!neither!a!Norwegian!nor!a!producer!country!perspective.!!!!We!consider!that!in!order!for!the!training!to!have!real!and!measurable!effect,!the!activity!needs!to!be!scaled[up!and!be!carried!out!as!part!of!long[term!country!strategies!with!a!proper!results[based!management!framework.!Work!in!supplier!countries!should!be!targeted!towards!providing!measurable!results!(possibly!in!selected!sectors),!backed!up!by!the!IEH!members!that!have!suppliers!in!the!country,!and!include!cooperation!and!coordination!with!other!Norwegian!stakeholders!to!a!larger!extent!than!today.!IEH!has!ambitions!to!expand!and!deepen!activities!in!supplier!countries.!We!note,!however,!that!IEH!already!has!capacity!problems!affecting!the!implementation!of!program!3!at!the!current!level.!!!IEH!is!in!several!ways!a!very!relevant!organization!for!Norad!and!the!Norwegian!government,!ref.!Norad’s!program!for!private!sector!development!and!Norwegian!government!goals!related!to!CSR!(White!Paper!10,!2008[2009)!and!promoting!sustainable!development!(White!Paper!13,!2008[2009).!It!is!our!impression!that!IEH!is!only!to!a!limited!degree!used!as!a!strategic!partner!by!other!relevant!Norwegian!stakeholders!working!on!CSR!and!labour[related!issues!in!developing!countries.!Broader!and!deeper!engagement!on!country!level!would!be!required!for!IEH!to!realize!its!potential!as!a!strategic!partner!for!Norwegian!stakeholders!in!selected!countries.!In!terms!of!geographical!priorities,!IEH’s!activities!do!not!presently!fit!well!with!Norad’s,!as!the!priority!countries!for!Norad!are!the!poorer!developing!countries.!!As!an!organization,!it!is!our!impression!that!IEH!is!vulnerable!and!faces!a!number!of!challenges.!Work!in!key!areas!is!to!a!large!extent!dependent!on!individual!staff,!and!excessive!overtime!appears!to!occur!during!peak!periods,!at!least!for!certain!key!staff.!Our!impression!is!that!overstretching!human!resources!in!periods!is!likely!contributing!to!significant!performance!risk!and!in!some!cases!reducing!the!quality!of!deliveries.!IEH!management!has!introduced!measures!to!address!such!issues,!such!as!measuring!work!load!and!extend!work!in!teams..!We!consider!that!these!measures!have!so!far!not!been!implemented!to!the!extent!necessary!in!order!to!ensure!sustainability!and!significantly!reduce!current!performance!risks.!!The!growth!in!IEH’s!budget!has!been!lower!than!planned!in!the!period.!The!56!%!increase!assumed!in!the!budget!for!2010!as!part!of!the!Development!Plan!for!2010![!2013!soon!proved!to!be!unrealistic.!In!May![!June!2010!the!budget!for!programme!activities!(2010)!was!reduced!by!32!%,!while!administration!costs!were!increased!by!165!%.!This!has!not!been!commented!on!in!reports.!The!share!of!the!budget!covered!by!Norad!support!has!increased!a!bit!more!than!expected!in!the!period,!to!around!24%!(2012).!IEH’s!core!activities!are!not!dependent!on!Norad!support,!but!work!in!supplier!countries!would!stop!without!this!support.!!IEH!has!at!present!no!exit!strategy!with!regards!to!Norad!support.!!!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!7!Recommendations!• IEH!should!develop! a! consistent! results[based! management! system! including! a!proper!risk!management!system!and!a!monitoring!and!evaluation!framework!for!the!next!planning!period.!The!focus!should!be!on!results,!so!that!activities!can!be!adjusted!as!necessary!in!order!to!reach!the!intended!results.!• IEH! should!explicitly! address! capacity! issues! in! future! planning! and!consider!whether!focusing!work!on!fewer!topics!will!increase!effect!and!quality.!• A!strategy!should!be!developed!to!engage!IEH!members!more!in!work!to!actually!improve!conditions!in!the!supply!chain,!as!such!improvement!is!a!core!goal!of!IEH!and!currently!the!involvement!of!members!is!weak!and!far!behind!goals.!!• Members!should!contribute!to!finance!activities!in!producer!countries,!in!order!to!increase!ownership!and!reduce!IEH’s!current!total!reliance!on!Norad!support!for!such!work.!• IEH’s! work! in! producer! countries! should! be! based! on! country! strategies,! be!focused! on! selected! countries! and/or!sectors! where! IEH! and! IEH’s! members! can!likely! make! a!strategic!difference,! include! cooperation! with! other! relevant!Norwegian!and!international!stakeholders!and!have!measurable!goals!for!impact!based!on!baseline!assessments.!• Trainings! in! producer! countries! should! include! follow[up! mechanisms! for!participants! and! explicitly! address! gender! issues.! Steps! should! be! taken! to!include! gender! issues! in! follow[up! work! with! participants! and! to! find! indicators!related!to!gender.!• The! Good! Practice! Guide! should! be! developed! into! a! more! practical! tool,! and!supplemented! by! other! tools! such! as!checklists!etc.,! that! can! be! used! in! work! on!the!ground!to!improve!conditions!in!producer!countries.!• An!assessment!of!the!potential,!cost!and!added!value!of!the!LRN!web!platform!in!light! of! technical! challenges,! experiences! so! far! and! other! possible! ways!to!facilitate!contact!between!purchasers!and!local!resource!milieus,!should!be!made!before!significant!investment!is!made!in!developing!the!tool!further!!• IEH! should! increase!the! net! membership! base,! as! buy[in! from! a! significant!portion!of!Norwegian!importers!is!crucial!to!reach!goals!of!realizing!more!ethical!trade.!• A! possible! new! agreement! with! Norad! should! contain! a! clause! on!amendments!that!can! be! invoked! if! there! is! a! need! to! redefine! goals,! activities,! time! schedules!or! budgets.!There! should! always! be!a! consistent! relationship! between! these!parameters.!!An!addendum!agreed! between! the! partners!should!document! the!changes!made.!!!!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!8!1 Introduction!!This!report!constitutes!an!end!review!of!Ethical!Trading!Initiative!Norway!with!reference!to!IEH's!agreement!with!Norad!for!the!period!2010![!2012.!The!report!presents!a!general!assessment!of!IEH’s!cooperation!with!Norad!and!of!of!IEHs!capacity,!quality!of!work!and!economic!sustainability!as!an!organization.!We!have!reviewed!IEH's!activities!in!Norway!and!in!developing!countries!through!a!case!study!in!India.!The!primary!sources!are!IEH!records!and!documents,!interviews!with!the!IEH!secretariat!and!board!members,!a!web[survey!of!IEH!members,!as!well!as!interviews!with!producers!and!stakeholders!in!New!Delhi,!India.!The!terms!of!reference!for!the!end!review!highlights!that!the!review!shall!assess!IEH’s!professional+and+administrative+capacity!to!carry!out!programs,!provide!conclusions!about!the!quality!of!IEH’s!work!as!well!as!IEH’s!economic+independence/self5sufficiency!and!a!possible!exit+strategy+from+Norad+support.!Moreover,!the!review!shall!in!particular!consider!the!results/effects!of!IEH’s!work!in+supplier/producing+countries!and!assess!the!relevance!of!IEH’s!work!to!Norad’s+Private+Sector+development+Strategy!incl.!recommendations!for!cooperation!between!IEH!and!Norad!in!the!future.!We!will!in!the!following!provide!assessments!of!IEH’s!performance!on!a!wide!range!of!criteria,!while!providing!more!depth!and!scrutiny!to!the!issues!highlighted!in!the!ToR.!!2 Implementation&of&the&end&review!!The!end!review!has!been!implemented!under!the!framework!agreement!between!Norad!and!Nordic+Consulting+Group+(NCG).+Rasmus!Reinvang!of!Vista!Analyse!AS!was!appointed!as!Project!Manager!and!Ivar!Foss!of!Ivar!Foss!Quality!Management!AS!as!a!staff!member!on!the!project.!The!review!has!been!conducted!according!to!Terms!of!Reference!(ToR)!of!the!agreement!dated!28!September!2012.!A!detailed!work!plan!was!submitted!by!Vista!Analyse,!also!on!28!September!2012.!The!document!review!and!interviews!with!IEH!staff,!board!members!and!stakeholders!in!India!were!conducted!in!the!period!October[November!2012.!A!list!of!interviews!is!included!as!Appendix!1.!The!case!study!of!IEH!activities!in!India!was!conducted!in!week!48!by!a!mission!to!New!Delhi!by!Rasmus!Reinvang.!!This!draft!version!of!the!report!was!developed!in!week!46![!49.!The!report!is!issued!to!Norad!and!IEH!for!comments,!and!the!final!version!will!be!issued!in!week!51.!A!final!meeting!of!Norad,!IEH!and!project!staff!is!planned!for!7!January!2013.!!!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!9!3 Initiative(for(Ethical(Trade:(Description(and(analysis!3.1 About!IEH!!Federation*of*Norwegian*Enterprises*(Virke),*the*Norwegian*Confederation*of*Trade*Unions*(LO),*Coop*Norway*and*Norwegian*Church*Aid*founded*the*Ethical*Trading*Initiative*Norway*(IEH)*in*2000.*IEH*is*a*membership*organization*for*companies,*organizations*and*public*enterprises.*IEH’s*members*range*from*some*of*Norway’s*largest*companies*to*sole*proprietorships,*public*bodies*and*organizations.*The*majority*of*the*members*are*small$*and*medium$sized*enterprises.*In*2012*the*composition*of*the*membership*is*as*follows:****Companies******94***Non$Governmental*organizations****17***Public*sector*organizations****13***Total*****124* According to IEH's byelaws (vedtekter) IEH’s*objective*is*to*promote*responsible*supply*chain*management*to*ensure*that*international*trade*safeguards*human*rights,*labour*rights,*industrial*development*and*environment.*This*is*achieved*by:**1.*Strengthening*the*support*for*ethical*trade.**2.*Supporting*members*in*developing*ethical*trade*practices.*In*Norway,*IEH*aims*to*expand*its*membership,*provide*information*and*learning*on*ethical*trade,*also*targeting*groups*such*as*Norwegian*media*and*politicians.*Members*of*IEH*are*obliged*to*accept*IEH'*Declaration*of*Principles.*Being*a*member*of*IEH*implies*a*commitment*to*respect*all*human*rights,*including*labor*rights,*the*protection*of*the*environment*and*anti$corruption.*Furthermore,*members*commit*to*work*towards*continuous*improvements*in*their*supply*chains*and*shall*report*annually*to*IEH*about*how*and*to*what*degree*they*do*this.*Members*are*given*individual*written*feedback*on*their*annual*report.*IEH*is*not*a*certification*body*and*does*not*vouch*for*the*standards*of*its*members.*However,*if*members*through*annual*reporting*or*lack*thereof*show*that*they*are*not*taking*ethical*trade*seriously,*membership*can*be*terminated.*3.2 IEH’s!agreement!with!Norad!2010D2012!IEH’s*current*cooperation*with*Norad*is*based*on*the*agreement*with*Norad*dated*30*June*2010,*which*has*been*followed*up*in*annual*meetings*between*the*parties.*The*agreement*concerns*Norad*support*of*NOK*1*mill.*(2010),*NOK*2*mill.*(2011)*and*NOK*2*mill.*(2012).*The*supported*programme*targets*the*following*impact,*outcome*and*outputs:*Impact:*All*trade*and*production*takes*place*with*respect*for*humans*and*the*environment.*Outcome:*Improved*working*conditions*and*environmental*conditions*in*the*supply*chains*of*IEH*members.*

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!10!Outputs:*A. A*significant*increase*in*IEH*membership*(20%/year).*B. Suppliers*and*sub$suppliers*on*several*levels*of*IEH*member*supply*chains*are*able*to*uphold*and/or*work*for*decent*work*and*environmental*conditions.*C. IEH*is*a*leading*resource*center*for*information*and*knowledge*about*ethical*trade.*The*agreement*refers*to*the*Development*Plan*2010$2013$for*further*rationale*and*details*and*includes*indicators.*!3.3 Organizational!structure:!The!board!and!the!secretariat!A!board!consisting!of!a!chairman,!six!ordinary!board!members!and!six!deputy!board!members!governs!IEH.!The!members!choose!the!board!at!the!annual!meeting!of!members.!The!board!is!responsible!for!development!of!IEH’s!strategy,!goals,!overall!plans!and!the!budget,!that!IEH!is!organized!in!a!manner!fitting!with!overall!plans,!as!well!as!control.!Normally,!6!board!meetings!are!conducted!per!year.!Interviews!with!the!board!as!well!as!members!of!the!secretariat!confirm!that!there!is!good!cooperation!and!a!common!understanding!between!the!board!and!the!current!CEO.!!The!board!for!the!period!2012[2013!is!led!by!a!representative!of!the!large!Norwegian!retailer!Coop!Norge!Handel,!and!has!ordinary!board!members!representing!the!Norwegian!service!enterprise!organization!Virke,!public!health!corporations,!clothing!industry!(Varner!Gruppen)!and!other!industry!(The!Body!Shop),!labor!organizations!(LO)!and!humanitarian!NGOs!(Kirkens!Nødhjelp).!IEH!thus!represent!a!Multistakeholder!Initiative.!The!wide!anchoring!of!the!work!of!IEH,!is!a!strength!of!the!organization.!!The!IEH!secretariat!consists!of!10!employees,!led!by!CEO!Per!Bondevik.!IEH!has!had!three!leaders!in!the!period!2010[2012,!with!quite!different!opinions!about!the!development!of!the!organization![!according!to!interviewees.!2010!was!a!turbulent!year,!with!one!CEO!preparing!the!strategic!Development!Plan!for!2010[2013,!another!CEO!(temporary!and!part[time)!signing!the!agreement!with!Norad!in!June!and!a!third!CEO!–!current!CEO!Per!Bondevik![!starting!in!November!2010.!Allegedly,!the!secretariat!was!in!the!period!able!to!meet!obligations!although!some!negative!effect!on!effectiveness!must!be!presumed.!Interviewees!at!IEH!and!the!board!have!pointed!out!that!current!CEO!Per!Bondevik’s!main!priorities!have!been!to!adjust!IEH’s!ambitions!to!a!more!realistic!level!and!consolidate!the!organization.!!!!!!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!11!At!the!end!of!2012,!the!secretariat!consists!of!ten!people,!as!shown!in!the!figure!above.!The!secretariat!constitutes!a!small!unit!with!a!low!level!of!hierarchy!and!with!competent!and!motivated!staff.!Staff!members!generally!have!higher!academic!degrees!from!a!variety!of!relevant!fields!and!most!members!also!have!relevant!work!experience!prior!to!their!position!in!IEH.!Staff!members!generally!give!an!impression!of!significant!personal!motivation.!Five!members!of!the!executive!staff!have!worked!at!IEH!for!at!least!3!years!(staff!marked!with!*),!something!that!secures!continuity!in!the!content!and!development!of!IEH!services.!The!IEH!secretariat!appears!to!constitute!a!stable,!qualified!and!diverse!group!of!professionals,!something!that!is!a!strength!of!the!organization.!!!!The!IEH!secretariat!has!a!weekly!meeting!ensuring!consistent!information!sharing,!in!which!common!issues!are!discussed!and!where!there!is!room!for!addressing!more!specific!issues!related!to!different!work!streams.!Annual!internal!workshops!are!carried!out!to!discuss!member!reports!and!strategic!planning,!and!annual!meetings!between!the!CEO!and!individual!staff!(medarbeidersamtale)!are!also!carried!out.!Besides!this,!no!other!formal!meetings!points!between!staff!and/or!between!staff!and!management!are!held!during!the!year,!where!progress!and!challenges!related!to!the!development!of!the!work!programs!may!be!discussed!or!reported.!General!need!for!discussion,!adjustments,!and!decisions!etc.!(adaptive!management)!through!the!year!are!mainly!solved!through!informal!communication!and!ad[hoc!meetings!according!to!need,!according!to!interviewees.!!IEH!is!a!relatively!small!but!growing!NGO!with!a!number!of!characteristics!that!are!quite!typical!of!NGOs!at!this!level:!Staff!resources!are!limited!compared!with!the!size!and!complexity!of!the!issues!staff!are!addressing.!Ambitions!are!high!and!to!a!large!extent!influenced!by!personal!commitment.!Work!on!specific!topics!(such!as!international!activities!targeting!the!supply!chain!and!public!procurement)!is!often!to!a!significant!degree!dependent!on!one!single!person!in!terms!of!content!and!networks.!Information!sharing!often!takes!place!in!an!informal!manner!and!the!degree!of!institutionalization!is!low.!It!is!apparently!a!challenge!for!IEH!to!plan!properly!for!time!to!deal!with!issues!that!will!likely!arise!in!some!form!and!that!one!needs!to!respond!to!(such!as!media!debates!on!core!topics),!something!that!is!likely!to!contributes!to!overtime!in!periods!and!potential!overload.!These!are!situations!that!are!difficult!to!avoid!entirely,!but!there!appears!to!be!room!for!improved!internal!planning.!In!interviews!IEH!management!acknowledges!such!challenges!and!efforts!have!been!made!in!the!period!to!address!such!issues!by!introducing!measures!such!as!reporting!on!actual!time!used!for!different!activities!(which!contributes!to!more!realistic!planning)!and!also!making!sure!that!other!staff!are!involved!in!and!exposed!to!work!in!a!certain!field!that!is!led!by!a!specific!manager!or!senior!advisor.!Our!impression!is!that!this!type!of!measures!have!not!been!implemented!on!a!scale!and!with!the!depth!required!to!reduce!organizational!risk!substantially.!!Interviewees!have!pointed!to!regular!occurrences!of!excessive!overtime.!It!has!been!pointed!to!especially!two!times!a!year!where!this!is!common,!in!early!spring!when!the!member!reports!are!received!and!shall!be!responded!to,!!and!in!the!peak!delivery!period!in!the!fall.!We!have!registered!several!examples!of!work!overload!leading!to!lower!quality!in!deliveries!than!wished!for!and!a!lack!of!back[up!systems!and/or!quality!control!by!the!organization!of!work!handled!by!only!one!person.!This!is!anecdotal!evidence!and!not!necessarily!representative!of!the!situation!in!all!work!programs.!At!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!12!present,!it!is!our!impression!that!IEH,!at!least!in!certain!areas,!is!a!vulnerable!organization!and!that!further!management!efforts!need!to!be!made!to!consolidate!and!focus!resources!for!the!organization!to!operate!in!a!more!sustainable!manner.!!3.4 IEH’s!strategy!IEH*presents*itself*(IEH*2012:*webpage)*as*a*resource*center*and*an*advocate*for*ethical*trade*practices.*IEH*identifies*and*develops*relevant*tools*for*members'*work*on*ethical*trade*and*assists*members*with*training*and*consulting.*IEH*is*thus*a*learning*platform*for*how*companies*and*organizations*can*contribute*to*improvements*in*labor*and*environmental*conditions*in*their*supply*chains,*particularly*in*developing*countries*and*emerging*economies.**IEH’s!vision!for!the!period!is!“Vi+skal+skape+samarbeid+om+handel+som+fremmer+menneskerettigheter,+arbeidstakerrettigheter,+utvikling+og+miljø”!(IEH’s!Virksomhetsplan!2010[2013).!This!can!be!translated!into!“We!shall!enable!cooperation!on!trade!that!promotes!human!rights,!labour!rights,!environment!and!development.”!!IEH’s*strategy*is*thus*to*achieve*change*towards*more*ethical*trade*practices*through*raising*awareness*and*increasing*the*competence*of*stakeholders*along*the*value*chain*(mainly*Norwegian*members)*to*instigate*change*towards*more*ethical*trade.*IEH*is*thus*an*enabler*and*not*an*agent*which*itself*implements*the*changes*it*strives*to*realize.*IEH’s!strategy!document!for!2010[2013!points!to!the!two!strategic!targets!of!the!bye[laws:*1.*Strengthening*the*support*for*ethical*trade.**2.*Supporting*members*in*developing*ethical*trade*practices*The!work!to!realize!these!two!strategic!targets!is!divided!into!five!programs!with!the!following!objectives:!1. Considerably!more!Norwegian!companies!and!organizations!accept!binding!membership!in!IEH.!2. IEH!members!are!open!regarding!the!challenges!and!cooperate!widely!on!continuous!improvement!of!labor/work!and!environmental!conditions!in!their!own!supply!chain.!3. Operators!in!the!members'!supply!chain!in!producing!countries!are!able!to!take!care!of!or!make!efforts!for!decent!labor/work!and!environmental!conditions.!4. IEH!is!a!leading!resource!center!for!information!and!expertise!on!ethical!trade.!5. Norwegian!public!authorities!promote!ethical!trade!in!activities!and!policies.!Of!these!five!programs,!program!2!and!3!can!be!considered!the!activities!directly!related!to! enabling! more! ethical! trade! practices,! while! activities! 1,! 4! and! 5! are! related! to!enabling! conditions! or! frameworks! for! activities! under! program!2! and! 3.!We! note! that!the!target!groups!for!all!points!except!no.!3!are!the!Norwegian!members!of!IEH.!Norad!is!in!the!period!2010[2013!supporting!activities!under!point!1,!3!and!4.!IEH! cooperates! with! international! partners! in! order! to! develop! and! contribute! to!development! of! competence! in! the! community,! in! order! to! increase! leverage! in!international!process!related!to!ethical!trade,!in!order!to!share!and!develop!resources!in!a! cost[effective! manner,! and! to! implement! activities! in! developing! countries! in! a!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!13!coordinated! manner! allowing! for! increased! penetration! of! the! target! group.! IEH’s! main!international! partners! are! Ethical! Trading! Initiative! (UK),! DIEH! (DK),! Fair! Wear!Foundation! (NL),! Social! Accountability! International,! Sedex! (UK)! and! Fair! Labor!Association! (USA).! IEH! has! formalized! cooperation! with! these! organizations! in! the!period! 2010[2012.! It! is! also! worth! noting! that! IEH! contributes! to! a! working! group! on!supply!chain!reporting!in!the!standard[setting!Global!Reporting!Initiative.!!3.5 Result!and!risk!based!management!!Result[based!management!involves!moving!attention!from!a!focus!on!inputs,!activities!and!processes!to!focus!on!benefits!–!from!what!you!have!done!to!what!you!have!achieved.!Results!management!also!focuses!on!using!information!on!results!to!improve!decisions!making.!A!basic!principle!in!results!planning!is!to!start!with!the!intended!impact!and!outcomes,!and!then!identify!the!outputs,!activities!and!inputs!required!to!achieve!them.!In!order!to!implement!a!results!based!management!system,!you!must!a)!establish!a!baseline,!b)!find!out!what!you!want!to!achieve!in!say!3[5!years,!c)!identify!the!activities!and!resources!needed!to!get!from!the!current!situation!(a)!to!the!goal!(b),!and!d)!establish!indicators!that!will!allow!you!to!know!when!and!if!you!have!arrived!at!your!goal.!The!results!framework!should!be!linked!to!a!monitoring!and!evaluation!plan,!which!allows!the!organization!to!assess!progress!on!a!regular!basis!and!make!necessary!adjustments.!!In!general!terms,!work!seems!to!have!been!carried!out!in!the!period!along!the!main!lines!of!work!in!line!with!general!goals,!upholding!commitments!to!members!and!progressing!towards!original!targets!to!the!extent!possible.!On!a!practical!level,!functional!management!has!thus!taken!place.!!In!general!terms,!however,!IEH!appears!to!have!significant!potential!for!improvement!related!to!result!based!management.!IEH!has!a!precise!understanding!and!can!report!on!the!outputs!of!the!organization,!but!the!outcome!and!impact!is!more!unclear.!What!exactly!was!it!that!IEH!in!2010!wished!to!have!achieved!in!2013,!and!has!that!been!achieved?!What!has!the!impact!been?!Were!the!necessary!resources!available?!Such!questions!are!fundamental!for!IEH’s!existence!and!probably!needs!to!be!addressed!in!a!more!systematic!and!critical!manner,!including!a!consideration!of!indicators.!In!general,!the!focus!on!benefits!of!the!work!conducted!should!be!strengthened!in!order!to!enable!learning!and!optimization!of!activities!towards!increasing!benefits.!Critical!considerations!of!outcomes!and!impact!should!guide!decisions!on!whether!to!keep!targets!or!modify!them.!For!instance,!what!is!the!size!of!the!target!group(s)!in!Norway!and!what!scale!of!activity!is!required!in!order!to!have!a!systemic!impact!on!ethical!trade!in!Norway!and!in!supply!chains?!!The!Development!Plan!2010[2013!provides!the!baseline!understanding,!goals!and!framework!for!IEH’s!work!in!the!period!and!is!extensively!referred!to!in!the!agreement!between!Norad!and!IEH!2010[2012.!This!plan!has!not!fully!filled!its!intended!purpose!in!the!period,!since!the!budgets!were!greatly!reduced!before!the!agreement!with!Norad!was!concluded!in!June!2010.!The!process!is!described!in!more!detail!in!Section!6.3.!When!the!current!CEO!started!working!at!IEH!in!late!2010,!many!of!the!goals!in!the!development!plan!(especially!membership!growth)!were!considered!to!be!unrealistic!and!this!was!communicated,!also!externally.!This!openness!is!positive!and!important,!as!things!do!often!change.!However,!from!a!results!management!perspective!the!weakening!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!14!of!the!status!of!the!Development!Plan!early!on!in!the!period!has!created!problems,!mainly!due!to!uncertainties!about!the!real!goals.!In!planning!and!reporting!documents!in!the!period!adjusted!and!tentative!goals!(tentativ+målsetting)!are!presented!for!different!programs.!This!creates!an!impression!of!goals!having!been!adjusted!to!actual!performance!as!one!goes!along.!It!also!makes!it!difficult!to!evaluate!IEH’s!performance,!as!the!Development!Plan!constituting!the!baseline!document!lost!authority!during!the!period.!The!Development!Plan!also!contains!a!monitoring!framework,!where!some!indicators!during!the!period!were!considered!to!not!be!valuable!and/or!where!not!feasible!due!to!changed!circumstances.!These!were!often!not,!however,!replaced!with!new!indicators!aiming!to!measure!progress!achieved.!!It!will!be!important!that!IEH!when!designing!the!Development!Plan!for!the!next!period,!2013[2015,!is!able!to!establish!a!proper!framework!for!the!work!and!a!monitoring!and!evaluation!program!which!enables!staff!at!all!levels!of!the!organization!to!measure!progress!at!regular!intervals!and!for!the!organization!to!adjust!operations!in!a!regular,!systematic!and!documented!manner.!Risk!management!appears!to!be!underdeveloped!at!IEH.!Organizationally,!there!are!considerable!risks!related!to!excessive!workloads!and!high!dependency!on!specific!individuals!for!delivery!on!work!programs,!as!mentioned!earlier.!The!Development!Plan!includes!a!section!on!risk!evaluation!(risikoevaluering)!for!each!of!the!programme!areas.!These!sections!mention!and!comment!on!a!few!risk!factors!for!each!programme!area.!The!draft!final!report!to!Norad!2010[2012!includes!the!section!"Evaluation!of!risk!factors"!with!comments!on!four!factors!along!similar!lines!as!the!plan.!As!seen!from!a!risk!management!perspective!this!approach!appears!superficial.!For!one,!risk!assessments!and!management!should!be!part!of!the!process!of!planning!and!executing!activities!in!order!to!ensure!an!optimal!outcome.!This!is!not!institutionalized!at!IEH!and!we!propose!that!IEH!seek!advice!on!modern!risk!management!and!consider!how!to!implement!key!risk!management!tools!in!their!operations.!We!have!witnessed!poor!risk!management!leading!to!lower!quality!of!outputs!than!wished!for.!+3.6 Degree!of!dependence!on!Norad!and!exit!strategy!for!Norad!support*The!financial!dependence!on!Norad!has!increased!in!the!period!2010[2012.!According!to!the!budgets!for!the!period!in!the!Development!Plan,!Norad!support!was!expected!to!constitute!11%!(2010),!20%!(2011)!and!19%!(2012)!of!the!total!annual!budgets!in!the!period.!Due!to!a!weaker!than!expected!development!in!membership!income,!the!Norad!share!of!the!total!budget!has!been!a!bit!higher:!13%!(2010),!24%!(2011)!and!24%!(2012,!estimate!by!IEH!of!August!2012).!IEH’s!total!budget!has!been!between!NOK!7.8!and!8.3!million!in!the!period.!Norad!finances!the!international!work!and!to!some!extent!work!on!recruitment!of!members!and!communication.!With!regards!to!the!international!work,!the!dependency!on!Norad!is!high.!Norad!finances!all!activities!in!supplier/producing!countries!and!these!activities!are!at!present!entirely!dependent!on!continued!Norad!support!to!be!able!to!continue!and!possibly!develop!further.!With!regards!to!the!recruitment!and!information!work,!Norad!support!is!used!to!bolster!the!core!activity!that!is!financed!through!membership!fees.!The!core!activity!of!IEH,!to!serve!the!IEH!members!in!Norway,!is!thus!independent!of!Norad!support.!Without!Norad!support,!however,!IEH!would!likely!need!to!reduce!staff!also!outside!the!area!of!international!activities.!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!15!IEH!does!not!at!present!have!an!exit!strategy!for!Norad!support,!but!the!management!and!board!is!currently!discussing!how!IEH!can!reduce!exposure!and!risk!related!to!dependency!on!Norad!support!in!certain!areas.!The!Development!Plan!for!the!period!2013[2015!is!currently!under!development!and!will!according!to!IEH!address!such!issues.!!We!understand!from!interviews!with!IEH!management!and!the!board!that!IEH!in!the!coming!years!aim!to!increase!support!from!Norad!and!other!public!institutions!in!the!future,!to!an!extent!that!would!probably!increase!the!share!of!such!support!in!IEH’s!total!budget.!The!Norwegian!government!has!a!pronounced!focus!on!CSR!issues!and!increasing!and!more!sustainable!trade!with!developing!countries.!The!IEH!board!and!management!refer!to!this!development!as!possibly!IEH’s!main!strategic!opportunity!over!the!next!years.!This!is!understandable.!At!the!same!time!it!leaves!limited!room!for!having!a!real!exit!strategy!for!Norad!support,!at!least!for!the!coming!years.!IEH!need!to!clarify!with!Norad!what!is!a!realistic!level!of!future!support!before!finalizing!their!new!Development!Plan.!!!!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!16!4 Results'in'supplier'countries,'with'a'caseDstudy&of&India!4.1 Activities!in!developing!countries!2010D2012!Activities!in!developing!countries!mainly!consist!of!delivering!training!courses!for!suppliers!to!IEH’s!members!and!suppliers!and!to!IEH’s!international!partner!organizations!(ETI!in!UK!and!DIEH!in!Denmark).!IEH!also!facilitates!a!Local!Resources!Network,!which!enables!IEH!members!to!get!into!contact!with!local!resources!in!developing!countries!with!competence!on!ethical!trade!related!issues!(local!labor!standards,!environmental!regulations,!cultural!frameworks!etc.).!IEH!has!also!been!involved!as!a!resource!in!different!CSR!related!initiatives!carried!out!by!the!Norwegian!government!in!or!with!regards!to!developing!countries.!!In!the!period!2010[2012,!IEH!has!carried!out!13!1[day!or!1,5[day!trainings!in!China!(8),!India!(3)!and!Vietnam!(2)!reaching!a!total!of!about!500!participants!(ref.!chapter!4.2!below).!Historically,!IEH!began!conducting!trainings!in!China!and!this!has!expanded!to!Vietnam!(since!2007)!and!India!(since!2010).!The!IEH!members!promote!and!offer!the!courses!to!suppliers/producers!in!the!relevant!countries.!The!trainings!are!carried!out!in!cooperation!with!a!local!consultant!on!a!short[term!contract!that!assists!in!adapting!the!training!material!to!local!circumstances!and!carries!out!the!actual!training.!A!representative!of!IEH!is!also!present!at!and!participates!in!the!training.!In!Vietnam,!IEH’s!training!partner!is!not!a!consultant!but!the!Vietnam!Business!Council!for!Sustainable!Development!(VBCSD).!Trainings!typically!consists!of!an!opening!and!closing!speech!by!the!IEH!representative,!a!generic!presentation!of!advantages!for!suppliers/producers!in!applying!improved!working!conditions!and!environmental!standards!(referred!to!as!the!“business!case!for!ethical!trade”),!presentation!and!discussion!of!specific!issues!(e.g.!how!to!reduce!overtime!and!increase!productivity,!how!to!improve!worker!dialogue,!how!to!improve!purchaser!practices!and!purchaser[supplier!dialogue)!with!the!aim!to!raise!awareness!and!empower!participants!to!pro[actively!communicate!and!address!such!issues!in!their!work!place,!and!a!presentation!of!the!Good!Practice!Guide.!In!China,!IEH!has!in!addition!focused!specifically!on!the!issue!of!collective!agreements!at!the!work!place!–!an!issue!where!there!are!interesting!developments!in!China,!triggered!by!increasing!focus!on!the!unsustainability!of!very!poor!working!conditions.!At!each!training!session!participants!fill!out!a!self[evaluation!form!at!the!end!of!the!session,!giving!feedback!on!the!quality!and!content!of!the!training.!We!have!consulted!the!reports!from!the!9!training!sessions!conducted!between!2010!and!August!2012,!and!the!general!feedback!from!participants!is!very!good!with!the!percentage!answering!“good”!or!“very!good”!generally!well!above!75%.!The!evaluation!reports!also!contain!important!feedback!on!which!issues!the!participants!are!most!interested!in!and!to!what!degree!different!topics!are!felt!to!be!problematic.!This!provides!information!from!the!target!group!that!allows!IEH!to!check!and!develop!its!understanding!of!the!situation!on!the!ground!and!to!adjust!consecutive!trainings!accordingly.!This!is!a!way!of!working!that!appears!to!work!well.!The!Local!Resources!Network!is!a!web[based!tool!(www.localresourcesnetwork.net)!and!IEH!was!part!of!establishing!the!network!with!support!from!Norad,!prior!to!the!current!cooperation!period.!In!2011,!IEH!took!over!responsibility!for!maintaining!the!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!17!network,!and!the!steering!group!consists!of!ETI!(UK)!and!DIEH!(DK).!A!new!web[platform!was!launched!in!Spring!2012.!The!platform!allows!purchasers!and!local!advisors!to!register!and!find!each!other.!A!differentiated!fee[system!is!applied,!where!commercial!stakeholders!are!obliged!to!pay!a!certain!sum!to!use!the!platform,!whereas!non[profits!and!academic!stakeholders!are!not!required!to!pay!for!registration.!At!present!the!web[platform!is!not!functioning!fully!to!the!extent!intended,!due!to!technical!challenges!related!to!inter+alia!the!search!function.!In!addition,!IEH!notes!that!capacity!must!be!ensured!to!regularly!assess!and!approve!new!registrations.!IEH!expects!that!the!LRN!platform!will!function!at!a!satisfactory!level!by!end!of!2013.!!The!LRN!web[platform!is![!if!it!is!commonly!known!by!relevant!stakeholders!and!used![!a!cost[efficient!way!of!facilitating!contacts!between!purchasers!and!local!resources!that!in!a!practical!manner!will!lead!to!concrete!improvements!taking!place!on!the!ground.!IEH!has!ambitions!to!expand!LRN!and!make!it!widely!used!international!improvement!and!remediation!platform.!An!assessment!of!functionality!and!other!available!tools!that!may!serve!the!same!purpose!would!be!necessary!in!order!to!assess!the!feasibility!of!such!a!plan,!and!should!be!provided!if!Norad!support!is!sought!for!further!development!of!LRN.!!4.2 Results!in!light!of!original!targets!for!the!period!IEH!has!to!a!large!extent!failed!to!reach!the!targets!for!the!work!in!producer!countries,!as!outlined!in!the!Development!Plan!2010[2013,!and!also!lagged!behind!reaching!revised!targets!set!in!the!period.!+The!table!below!shows!actuals!for!each!year!compared!with!targets!and!listed!indicators,!and!further!below!we!comment!on!progress!in!relation!to!other!targets!mentioned!in!the!Development!Plan.!For!the!targets!with!indicators,!we!see!that!especially!the!use!of!the!Local!Resources!Network!seems!to!have!fallen!behind!original!plans.!After!the!turbulent!years!of!2010!and!2011,!performance!appears!to!have!improved.!All!data!for!2012!are!still!not!available,!and!it!is!thus!possible!that!IEH!in!2012!may!reach!a!majority!of!the!original!targets!by!end!of!year.!!!Goals!and!indicators!for!activities!in!producer!countries!201082012!and!actual!performance!Indicators+Target+2010+Actual+2010+Target+2011+Revised+target+2011+Actual+2011+Target+2012+Revised+target+2012+Actual+2012+Participants!in!trainings!150!82+250!200+269+250!250+103*+Increased!understanding!for!the!business!case!for!good!worker!conditions!(scale!1[10)!!9!7,6+9!9+8,2+9!7,5+8,7*+

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!18!Number!of!members!using!or!distributing!the!Good!Practice!Guide!to!suppliers!25%!11%+30%!20%+27%#+50%!20%+47%**+Number!of!buyers!using!Local!Resources!Network!80!43+140!70+Not+measured+250!60+60*+*!Per!August!2012!(Sluttrapport+til+Norad+201052012,!of!autumn!2012)!#!This!number!includes!members!who!have!suppliers!who!have!received!GPG!at!trainings.!In!the!2011!report!to!Norad,!these!members!are!not!included!and!the!number!provided!is!then!15%.!**!From!a!web[survey!conducted!in!Nov.!2012,!where!about!half!of!IEH’s!members!responded.!In!addition!to!the!targets!mentioned!above!the!development!Plan!and!the!agreement!with!Norad!also!refer!to!plans!to!expand!training!courses!from!China!to!India,!Vietnam,!Bangladesh!and!Turkey!and!also!adapt!the!GPG!to!these!countries!incl.!translation!into!Hindi,!Vietnamese,!Bangla!and!Turkish.!According!to!the!annual!reports!from!meetings!with!Norad,!IEH!first!postponed!plans!for!Bangladesh!and!Turkey!from!2010!to!2011,!and!then!in!2011!decided!to!cancel!these!plans!and!also!the!plans!to!make!a!Hindi!version!of!the!Indian!GPG.!The!effect!of!cancelling!plans!for!Bangladesh!and!Turkey!on!IEH’s!strategic!targets!was!not!commented!upon.!!!Another!goal!mentioned!in!the!Development!Plan!(p.!23)!is!to!“promote!and!facilitate!concrete!improvements!among!suppliers/producers!through!training!as!well!as!development!and!promotion!of!tools!for!managers!and!workers”.!As!we!shall!see!by!the!feedback!from!Indian!participants!in!training!in!Section!4.4,!it!seems!highly!unclear!whether!IEH!has!been!able!to!facilitate!concrete!improvements!and!IEH!has!at!least!in!India!not!developed!tools!for!managers!and!workers!beside!the!GPG.!4.3 Feedback!from!Norwegian!members!on!international!activities!In!the!web[survey!of!Norwegian!members!conducted!in!November!2012!(ref.!appendix!3),!members!were!asked!about!their!impression!of!the!usefulness!of!the!trainings!and!related!features!in!supplier/producer!countries.!Please!note!that!54%!of!IEH!members!answered!the!survey,!so!that!these!numbers!convey!the!opinions!of!a!bit!more!than!half!of!IEH’s!membership!base.!!Around!50%!of!the!respondents!in!the!web!survey!did!not!have!an!opinion!about!the!quality!or!usefulness!of!the!activities!in!supplier/producer!countries.!(The!trend!is!clear!also!when!excluding!members!such!as!organizations!that!do!not!themselves!import,!such!as!NGOs.)!27%!of!the!respondents!reported!that!they!have!suppliers/producers!that!have!attended!training!courses.!The!web[survey!indicates!that!only!about!half!of!IEH’s!members!have!real!experience!with!and!find!these!activities!relevant!and!that!about!a!quarter!actually!use!the!courses.!!Importance!and!quality!of!training.!46%!of!respondents!considered!the!courses!to!be!important!and!43%!considered!them!to!be!of!high!quality.!About!half!of!the!respondents!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!19!did!not!have!an!opinion.!Of!the!group!that!did!have!an!opinion!about!the!trainings,!87%!considered!them!important!and!80%!considered!them!to!be!of!high!quality.!The!Norwegian!members!who!do!make!use!of!the!courses!are!thus!generally!content!with!the!courses.!It!is!notable,!however,!that!20%!in!the!actual!user!group!report!the!trainings!to!be!of!“poor!quality”.!This!probably!indicates!that!the!course!did!not!meet!the!needs!of!this!group,!as!other!sources!consistently!note!that!the!quality!of!the!program!presented!at!the!courses!is!high.!!!!Members’!need!for!more!training.!Of!the!total!group!of!respondents,!39%!considered!it!important!to!have!courses!in!more!countries!and!22%!considered!it!important!to!follow[up!the!current!introductory!courses!with!more!in[depth!courses.!Of!the!group!that!did!have!an!opinion!about!trainings,!66%!considered!it!important!to!have!courses!in!more!countries!while!34%!did!not.!67%!in!this!group!considered!it!important!to!follow!up!with!more!in[depth!courses!while!33%!did!not!consider!it!important.!Generally,!it!does!not!seem!to!be!a!very!strong!demand!among!members!for!courses!in!more!countries!nor!for!more!in[depth!courses.!!!!Impact!of!training!and!GPG!according!to!members.!27%!of!respondents!replied!that!theirs!suppliers/producers!have!attended!trainings.!When!presented!with!eight!different!statements!describing!how!they!may!have!experienced!a!positive!impact!on!the!suppliers/producers!who!have!participated!in!courses,!the!replies!generally!indicate!that!members!(at!least!their!contact!points)!have!little!knowledge!and!experience!with!if!or!how!the!course!affects!its!suppliers.!The!most!positive!score!on!this!series!of!questions!was!with!regards!to!the!statement!“Suppliers!who!have!participated!in!IEH’s!course!have!a!better!understanding!of!demands!and!expectations!related!to!ethical!guidelines,!than!suppliers!who!have!not!participated!in!such!courses.”!More!than!half!(58%)!of!the!members!who!had!had!suppliers/producers!in!courses!agreed!with!this,!while!16%!disagreed.!Only!32%!agreed!that!courses!and!the!GPG!has!had!a!positive!influence!on!conditions!at!the!suppliers!(with!47%!stating!they!don’t!know),!and!only!10%!agreed!that!they!have!had!specific!experiences!with!suppliers!improving!conditions!after!participating!in!the!course.!None!of!the!respondents!could!confirm!experience!with!suppliers/producers!using!the!GPG!in!process!to!improve!conditions.!!43%!agreed!with!the!statement!“We!have!to!a!small!degree!experienced!specific!changes!at!suppliers!who!have!participated!in!IEH’s!courses”,!while!37%!don’t!know!and!16%!disagree.!This!feedback!primarily!testify!that!IEH!members!have!little!knowledge!of!the!actual!effect!of!the!courses!provided!and!the!GPG!and!that!these!services!to!a!small!degree!seems!to!be!integrated!in!the!work!members!themselves!carry!out!to!improve!ethical!standards,!at!least!in!Norway!(some!members!may!have!hired!staff!to!follow!up!on!such!issues!in!developing!countries).!Good!Practice!Guidebook.!Also!with!the!GPG!we!see!the!pattern!that!only!about!50%!of!respondents!have!an!opinion!about!it.!57%!of!the!total!group!considers!it!to!be!of!high!importance!(8%!to!be!low),!while!46%!consider!it!to!be!of!high!quality!(7%!to!be!poor).!43%!consider!it!to!be!“a!very!useful!tool”!(14%!disagree).!As!with!the!trainings,!we!see!that!members!rate!GPG!higher!on!importance!than!on!quality!and!usefulness,!which!implies!that!the!GPG!in!its!current!form!does!not!fully!meet!the!needs!of!those!who!consider!it!important.!47%!confirm!that!they!have!passed!on!GPG!to!producers!or!agents,!47%!that!they!have!not.!23%!confirm!that!it!is!standard!practice!to!pass!on!GPG!to!producers!or!agents!when!cooperation!begins,!71%!that!it!is!not.!!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!20!In!interviews,!several!stakeholders!have!noted!that!the!GPG!is!a!big!document!(more!than!100!pages)!that!not!always!applies!to!the!skills!level!of!the!target!group!and!which!it!is!practically!difficult!to!distribute.!The!GPG!pdf[document!is!for!instance!too!large!to!easily!be!sent!via!email.!The!GPG!is!a!document!generally!considered!to!be!of!high!quality,!yet!at!present!the!use!of!the!GPG!is!to!a!limited!degree!mainstreamed!among!members!and!it!does!not!appear!to!have!an!optimal!form!that!allows!for!easy!and!full!penetration!of!the!target!group.!IEH!has!in!interviews!expressed!an!awareness!of!this!and!are!considering!ways!to!improve!the!GPG!format,!for!instance!by!creating!an!e[learning!version.!We!consider!it!important!to!optimize!the!format!of!GPG!in!the!future.!Local!Resources!Network.!In!the!web[survey!of!Norwegian!members,!57%!of!respondents!answered!that!they!considered!the!LRN!to!be!of!high!importance!and!40%!that!LRN!was!of!high!quality.!According!to!interviews,!the!LRN!web[platform!of!spring!2012!works!but!is!at!present!not!fully!fine[tuned!to!serve!its!intended!purpose!in!the!optimal!manner.!It!has!also!been!pointed!out!that!local!stakeholders!at!present!often!will!not!know!about!the!brand!“Local!Resources!Network”,!as!contact!between!purchasers!and!local!resources!still!mostly!take!place!via!direct!facilitation!by!IEH!and!not!through!the!web[platform.!It!seems!that!at!present!the!LRN[network!is!neither!fully!operational!nor!realizing!it’s!full!potential!to!enable!concrete!changes!on!the!ground!in!developing!countries.!4.4 India:!Activities,!plans,!feedback!and!observations!IEH!has!carried!out!an!annual!training!course!in!India!every!fall!since!2010.!At!each!occasion,!IEH!has!hired!an!Indian!consultant!to!carry!out!the!course!together!with!IEH.!We!note!that!IEH!has!used!a!different!consultant!every!year.!In!2012,!the!consultant!used!also!works!for!the!Fair!Labor!Association!(FLA)!in!New!Delhi.!IEH!has!the!intention!to!in!the!future!formalize!cooperation!with!FLA!in!India!(and!possibly!in!China)!in!the!future,!in!order!to!have!a!long[term!Indian!partner!and!institutionalize!a!presence!in!India.!We!support!these!plans!if!activities!are!to!continue.!!The!trainings!in!India!have!generally!followed!the!standardized!format!outlined!earlier.!The!2010!seminar!had!18!participants,!the!2011!seminar!had!33!participants!(serving!10!Norwegian!EHI!members),!and!the!2012!seminar!had!24!participants!(serving!5!Norwegian!IEH!members).!IEH’s!goal!for!the!training!in!India!2012!was!to!have!50!participants!and!IEH!only!reached!about!half!this!number.!In!total,!IEH!has!trained!75!people!in!India!in!the!period.!It!may!be!noted!that!IEH!report!that!experience!shows!that!it!is!more!difficult!to!attract!participants!to!the!trainings!in!India!than!in!China!and!Vietnam.!The!reason!for!this!is!unclear.!We!have!collected!feedback!from!all!participants!at!the!2011!and!2012!trainings!to!the!extent!possible,!and!an!overview!of!feedback!from!the!two!groups!is!presented!in!appendix!3.!We!were!able!to!get!in!contact!with!25%!of!the!participants!from!2011!and!54%!of!the!participants!in!2012!–!a!total!of!21!participants.!!Relevance!and!importance.!All!the!participants!we!were!in!contact!with!confirmed!that!this!type!of!training!is!very!important,!that!there!is!a!great!need!for!this!type!of!training!in!India!and!all!except!for!one!confirmed!that!they!would!be!interested!in!attending!future!trainings!going!more!in!depth!on!issues.!Several!highlighted!especially!the!topic!of!worker[management!dialogue.!EHI’s!course!is!clearly!experienced!as!relevant!and!important!by!IEH’s!target!group.!!!!!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!21!Outcome!and!impact:!We!asked!participants!if!they!had!or!planned!to!introduce!specific!changes!in!their!work!place!as!a!consequence!of!having!attended!the!course.!76%!of!respondents!(16)!answered!in!the!affirmative.!When!pressed!to!give!examples,!however,!few!came!up!with!concrete!action!points.!A!few!mentioned!that!they!were!taking!concrete!steps!to!begin!to!improve!worker[management!dialogue.!Respondents!generally!gave!the!impression!that!they!were!increasingly!focusing!on!ethical!trade!related!issues,!that!the!IEH!course!was!useful!in!that!context,!but!that!the!course!in!itself!did!not!trigger!any!specific!change.!!Good!Practice!Guide.!At!the!training!each!participant!received!the!GPG,!which!is!the!only!take[away!tool!provided.!When!asked!whether!participants!considered!the!GPG!would!be!useful,!76%!of!respondents!(16)!answered!in!the!affirmative.!When!pressed!to!explain!how,!many!commented!that!the!GPG!gives!a!very!good!and!useful!overview!of!issues,!but!that!the!format!was!extensive!and!that!simper!tools!such!as!checklists!would!be!useful!in!order!to!implement!real!change!on!the!ground.!Strengths!and!weaknesses.!When!asked!to!comment!about!strengths!and!weaknesses,!respondents!in!general!highlighted!that!the!course!was!very!good!for!awareness!raising!and!inspiration,!that!the!content!was!of!high!quality!and!that!the!discussions!were!very!useful.!With!regards!to!weaknesses!a!large!number!pointed!to!the!lack!of!a!follow[up!mechanism,!with!a!contact!point!participants!could!use!if!they!had!questions,!opportunity!to!meet!again!and!discuss!progress,!and/or!a!mechanism!for!reporting!or!checking!progress!post[course.!Several!also!pointed!to!an!unmet!demand!for!check[lists!and!practical!implementation!tools!to!reach!low!management!and!workers,!where!changes!need!to!happen.!!Criticial+observations+The!scale!of!activity!in!India!is!very!limited!and!calls!into!question!whether!the!courses!fulfill!a!real!purpose,!besides!being!a!good!awareness!raising!exercise!for!a!limited!number!of!people.!!The!courses!in!India!are!poorly!justified!in!a!Norwegian!and!well!as!an!Indian!context,!according!to!the!information!we!have!been!able!to!gather.!We!understand!that!the!argument!for!conducting!courses!in!India!is!that!India!is!an!important!sourcing!country!for!Norwegian!members.!But!very!few!Norwegian!members!have!suppliers/producers!present!at!the!courses.!How!large!a!share!of!the!Norwegian!members!that!source!from!India!have!suppliers!that!attend!the!courses?!To!what!extent!has!IEH!been!able!to!reach!the!Indian!supply!chains!of!its!Norwegian!members?!This!is!unclear!and!one!gets!the!impression!that!there!is!a!weak!connection!between!IEH!members’!presence!and!needs!in!India!and!the!courses!taking!place!–!except!for!a!few!companies!(e.g.!the!Varner!Group!and!Mester!Grønn).!On!the!Indian!side,!little!has!been!done!to!estimate!impact!and!it!is!very!unclear!what!the!courses!achieve.!Participants!are!registered!with!names,!business!and!contact!information,!but!it!is!not!registered!how!large!a!factory!they!represent!and!thus!the!potential!scale!of!impact!the!training!may!have.!The!registered!information!on!participants!is!rudimentary.!When!trying!to!contact!participants!in!the!trainings!of!the!last!two!years,!the!contact!information!provided!a!dead!end!for!39%!of!the!group.!Little!effort!has!been!made!to!facilitate!or!ensure!that!concrete!improvements!take!place!after!the!course!has!been!held,!in!spite!of!this!being!the!actual!aim!of!the!course.!For!the!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!22!courses!in!India!to!a!serve!a!real!purpose,!they!must!be!better!justified!in!a!Norwegian!as!well!as!Indian!context!and!developed!so!as!to!be!able!to!be!a!driver!for!concrete!changes.!!!A!Norwegian!IEH!member!has!minimal!cost!involved!in!having!a!supplier!attend!a!course!and!the!real!impact!on!the!supply!chain!at!the!outset!seems!minimal.!Seen!in!isolation,!the!courses!provide!an!opportunity!for!Norwegian!IEH!members!to!report!that!they!are!addressing!CSR!issues!in!their!supply!chains!without!necessarily!doing!anything.!This!poses!a!risk!for!the!courses!being!misused!for!greenwashing!purposes.!!!The!courses!in!India!(and!also!in!China!and!Vietnam)!do!not!address!gender!issues.!This!is!surprising,!as!IEH!notes!in!its!Development!Plan!that!women,!children!and!minorities!are!especially!vulnerable!to!unethical!treatment!in!supply!chains.!Indian!interviewees!working!professionally!with!CSR!issues!in!India!confirmed!that!gender!is!an!important!issue!in!the!Indian!context!and!that!it!is!often!addressed!in!trainings!and!courses.!We!recommend!that!IEH!address!gender!explicitly!in!its!activities!in!India!(and!in!China!and!Vietnam).!Finally,!the!cost[effectiveness!of!the!courses!in!India!is!low.!Provided!the!resources!that!has!been!spent!to!create!the!trainings!in!each!case!and!the!general!need,!the!number!of!participants!has!been!low.!One!participant!also!commented!this.!Interviewees!revealed!that!bad!planning!was!part!of!the!reason!for!the!relatively!low!turnout!for!the!course!in!November!2012,!as!the!date!was!poorly!chosen!in!light!of!Indian!holidays.!!Careful!planning!to!optimize!outputs,!outcomes!and!impact!is!a!must!for!an!organization!like!IEH.!The!principles!of!result[based!management!(including!risk!management)!should!to!a!larger!degree!guide!the!activities!in!India!(and!probably!China!and!Vietnam).!At!present!the!outcome!and!impact!is!unclear!and!appears!to!be!very!limited.!4.5 Relevance!for!Norwegian!policy!and!future!potential!IEH!is!in!several!ways!a!very!relevant!organization!for!Norad!and!the!Norwegian!government.!With!regards!to!Norad,!we!note!that!the!program!for!private!sector!development!has!as!one!of!its!goals!to!“transfer!and!develop!competence,!knowledge!and!technology!locally”.!IEH!activity!fits!well!with!this,!if!we!disregard!the!part!about!technology.!In!the!Ministry!of!Foreign!Affairs!White!Paper!1!S!(2012[2013),!it!is!underlined!that!one!of!the!main!goals!of!this!program!for!2013!is!to!increase!“trade!related!competence”!in!developing!countries.!In!terms!of!geographical!priorities,!however,!IEH’s!activities!do!not!presently!fit!well!as!the!priority!countries!for!Norad!are!poorer!developing!countries.!!IEH’s!work!is!clearly!relevant!for!the!Norwegian!government’s!policies!and!initiatives!related!to!increasing!trade!with!developing!countries!and!employing!capital!in!a!manner!promoting!sustainable!development!(White!Paper!13,!2008[2009),!CSR!in!a!globalized!economy!(White!Paper!10,!2008[2009),!as!well!as!labor!conditions!and!mainstreaming!environmental!and!social!responsibility!in!public!procurement.!When!considering!IEH’s!potential!role!in!the!wider!framework!of!the!Norwegian!government’s!engagement!on!trade!and!CSR!issues!in!an!Indian!context,!several!issues!stand!out!that!may!have!general!value.!First!of!all,!IEH’s!level!of!activity!in!India!is!very!small.!IEH!is!also!conscious!to!keep!its!activities!on!the!ground!separate!from!more!public!processes,!to!ensure!that!participants!feel!free!to!communicate!freely!and!use!the!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!23!occasion!to!discuss!issues!on!their!own!terms.!Innovation!Norway!(IN)!in!Delhi!has!twice!asked!to!be!present!at!the!trainings!in!Delhi!and!been!denied!for!this!reason.!IN!in!Delhi!is!carrying!out!a!number!of!CSR[related!activities!and!there!has!been!some!contact!between!IN!and!IEH,!where!IEH!has!commented!on!annual!briefs!and!is!also!involved!concerning!arrangement!of!a!CSR!conference!in!India!in!the!spring!2013.!This!is!an!example!of!synergy!and!cooperation,!although!on!a!limited!scale.!!At!present,!the!overall!picture!is!that!IEH!is!not!really!integrated!with!the!portfolio!of!CSR[related!activities!carried!out!or!supported!by!the!Norwegian!embassy!and!IN!in!India.!The!cooperation!between!the!Confederation!of!Norwegian!Enterprise!(NHO)!and!the!largest!Indian!business!association!FICCI!is!an!example!of!another!platform!it!could!be!very!relevant!for!IEH!to!link!up!with,!in!order!to!achieve!a!concerted!effort!with!scale!in!India.!At!present,!however,!we!cannot!see!that!IEH!has!the!capacity!and!organizational!systems!to!be!able!to!engage!consistently!on!such!a!deeper!and!broader!level.!!IEH!was!started!by!Norwegian!companies!and!NGOs!and!have!organizations!such!as!employer!organization!Virke,!labor!organization!LO!and!Norwegian!Church!Aid!on!its!board.!If!IEH!is!to!play!a!role!in!the!wider!context!of!Norwegian!CSR!and!development!policy!internationally,!such!work!should!in!our!opinion!to!a!larger!extent!than!today!be!driven!and!financed!by!IEH’s!members!–!if!they!actually!want!it.!!!!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!24!5 Members'evaluation'of'IEH’s'relevance'as'a"resource'centre!5.1 Findings!of!the!2012!web!survey!A!web[survey!was!sent!out!to!all!12!members!in!November!2012.!70!members!responded,!which!is!56%!of!the!total!group.!51!business!members!answered,!thereby!constituting!73%!of!the!respondents!and!54!%!of!all!business!members.!In!general!we!may!assume!that!the!more!active!members!replied,!so!that!replies!tend!to!give!an!impression!of!a!higher!level!of!engagement!and!activity!than!what!is!the!average!among!members.!Note!that!we!will!not!here!comment!on!members’!experience!with!IEH’s!work!in!developing!countries,!as!this!was!a!subject!in!the!previous!chapter.!The!results!of!the!web!survey!are!presented!in!detail!in!Appendix!2.!The!2012!survey!gives!a!highly!positive!impression!of!members’!evaluation!of!IEH!as!a!resource!center,!in!terms!of!relevance,!quality!and!service!level.!!There!is!a!very!high!match!between!the!priorities!of!respondents!and!the!services!IEH!offer:!Most!respondents!point!to!three!issues!as!their!main!priorities!the!next!three!years:!!• Contribute!to!decent!work!conditions!!!!!81%!!• Contribute!to!non[involvement!in!child!or!forced!labor!60%!• Contribute!to!sustainable!global!trade!!!!43%.!!The!areas!in!which!most!respondents!report!that!IEH’s!services!largely!or!totally!cover!their!needs!overlap!with!these!categories:!“Contribute!to!non[involvement!in!child!or!forced!labor”!(81%),!“Contribute!to!decent!work!conditions”!(80%),!“Strengthen!the!public!profile!of!the!company!(59%),!and!“Contribute!to!sustainable!global!trade”!(57%).!!Interestingly,!in!the!web[survey!conducted!in!2009!the!same!three!priority!areas!were!highlighted!by!members,!indicating!a!consistency!in!the!priorities!and!demand!for!services!of!the!members.!80%!of!respondents!answered!“no”!when!asked!if!they!would!like!IEH!to!offer!other!services!to!its!members!compared!with!today.!The!survey!does,!however,!indicate!that!many!members!would!like!IEH!to!strengthen!services!related!to!environment.!45%!of!respondents!in!the!2012!survey!agreed!with!the!statement!that!“IEH!should!strengthen!its!offering!and!focus!on!environmental!management!in!the!supply!chain”.!10%!disagreed.!Again!we!see!consistency!with!the!2009!web!survey,!where!56%!agreed!with!this!statement!and!13%!disagreed.!Respondents!report!that!the!quality!of!services!they!receive!is!generally!high:!Out!of!ten!listed!activities!covering!the!main!areas!of!IEH’s!work,!40[60%!of!respondents!consistently!scored!the!quality!of!IEH’s!work!as!“high”!or!“very!high”.!The!average!percentage!of!respondents!ranking!IEH’s!work!as!“poor”!or!“very!poor”!in!quality!with!regards!to!the!ten!listed!activities!were!7,5%,!with!11%!being!the!highest!negative!score.!Around!25%[35%!did!not!have!an!opinion!with!regards!to!the!quality!of!different!services,!which!may!be!explained!by!the!fact!that!the!person!filling!out!the!form!on!behalf!of!the!enterprise!may!not!always!be!the!same!person!who!would!make!use!of!different!IEH!services.!!!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!25!The!survey!also!indicates!that!members!generally!are!very!content!with!IEH.!When!presented!with!5!statements!illustrating!a!number!of!ways!members!may!be!satisfied!with!IEH!services,!about!75%[80%!of!respondents!throughout!answered!”agree”!or!”highly!agree”.!The!statements!were:!”IEH!has!the!competence!necessary”,!”I!am!happy!with!the!services!and!tools!IEH!offers”,!”IEH!provides!us!with!the!practical!tools!we!need!to!promote!ethical!trade”,!“Without!help!and!assistance!from!IEH!we!would!not!to!the!same!extent!succeed!in!our!work!on!ethical!trade”.!The!2009!web[survey!contained!practically!the!same!statements,!also!with!dominantly!positive!scores!(60%[80%).!Some!of!the!negative!scores!were!about!10%!higher!than!in!2012,!such!as!18%!disagreeing!with!the!statement!that!“Without!help!and!assistance!from!IEH!we!would!not!succeed!to!the!same!extent”!and!with!the!statement!“IEH!membership!provides!us!with!access!to!necessary!resources!and!tools”.!Statistically!the!data!is!too!weak!due!to!participation!of!only!about!50[60%!of!the!members!in!the!two!surveys,!but!the!available!data!by!itself!indicates!that!IEH!has!improved!its!services!in!the!period!2009[2012.!5.2 Feedback!from!annual!member!reports!(2010!and!2011)!In!2010,!74!members!(of!a!total!119)!submitted!an!annual!report!to!IEH.!When!commenting!on!IEH’s!performance!members!highlighted!the!following!main!areas:!High!level!of!service!(35%),!high!level!of!competence!(20%),!communication!work!(11%),!useful!tools!and!resources!(6%),!courses!and!trainings!(4%),!committed!staff!(4%).!In!2011,!80!members!(of!a!total!124)!submitted!an!annual!report!to!IEH.!When!commenting!on!IEH’s!performance!members!highlighted!the!following!main!areas:!High!level!of!service!(33%),!high!level!of!competence!(21%),!useful!tools!and!resources!(12%),!courses!and!trainings!(8%),!committed!staff!(8%),!communication!work!(8%).!The!member!reports!for!2010!and!2011!contain!a!much!smaller!number!of!critical!comments!to!IEH’s!services,!than!positive!comments!(ref.!above).!The!critical!comments!do!not!concentrate!around!specific!issues!and!often!concern!details.!There!are!a!few!examples!of!SMEs!noting!that!all!resources!and!tools!are!not!adapted!to!the!situation!of!SMEs,!but!this!point!is!not!widely!raised!by!the!SME!members.!!In!general,!the!member!reports!for!2010!and!2011!confirm!the!impression!from!the!web!survey!2012,!that!IEH!in!a!competent!manner!meets!the!core!needs!of!the!members.!!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!26!6 Performance*analysis*!6.1 Scope!of!activities!IEH’s!work!is!organized!in!five!programs!with!objectives!as!stated!in!Section!3.4.!,!with!the!following!range!of!activities:!1. Strengthening!support!for!ethical!trade!through!increasing!membership!a. Arranging!recruitment!seminars!b. Individual!contacts!and!meetings!with!potential!members!2. Support!services!for!members!a. Advisory!services!according!to!need!b. Training!courses!for!members!c. Development!of!tools!for!mainstreaming!of!ethical!trade!issues,!such!as!the!risk[mapping!tool!RAID!and!the!Local!Resources!Network!!3. Promoting!decent!working!conditions!in!production!countries!a. Developing!and!distributing!the!Good!Practice!Guide!b. Conducting!seminars!for!producers!4. Information!and!communication!about!ethical!trade!a. Media!and!campaign!work!b. Knowledge!and!resource!hub!for!interested!parties!!5. Policy!work!aimed!at!political!processes!and!frameworks!a. Ethical!criteria!in!public!procurement!6.2 Results!compared!to!objectives!The!general!objectives!of!the!five!programmes!referred!to!in!Section!4.1!are!stated!in!Section!3.4.!More!specific!objectives!are!stated!in!the!IEH![!Norad!agreement,!see!Section!3.2.!In!this!section!we!shall!relate!IEH's!results!to!the!objectives.!+1. Strengthening!support!for!ethical!trade!through!increasing!membership!In!the!agreement!a!significant!increase!in!IEH!membership!is!quantified!at!20%!per!year.!The!actual!development!of!IEH!membership!is!illustrated!in!the!figure!below!(per!August!2012):++Source:!Sluttrapport+ til+ Norad+ 201052012!(Aug! 2012).!Note! that! IEH! per! January! 2013! report! that! net!membership!reached!126!by!the!end!of!2012.!År!2000!2001!2002!2003!2004!2005!2006!2007!2008!2009!2010!2011!2012!	Serie2!	0!5!13!16!26!32!43!49!73!89!113!119!124!124!0*20*40*60*80*100*120*140*	Antall!medlemmer!Medlemsvekst!2000!D!2012!(Aug.)!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!27!The!growth!in!membership!was!5!%!in!2010,!4!%!in!2011!and!1.6!%!in!2012!(by!end!of!the!year).!This!is!much!less!than!the!target.!IEH!explains!that!since!2009,!45!new!members!have!been!recruited!while!34!have!left!the!organization,!resulting!in!a!net!growth!of!11!members!in!three!years.!In!the!report!to!Norad!for!the!period!2010[2012!(Aug.!2012),!IEH!state!that!the!recruitment!of!members!"has!been!less!than!originally!planned,!but!still!maintained!at!an!acceptable!level".!IEH!argues!that!the!development!is!satisfactory!since!the!organization's!capacity!to!serve!the!members!is!limited.!We!question!this!conclusion.!First!of!all,!there!is!a!large!target!group!in!Norway!of!companies!as!well!as!public!procurement!organizations!that!would!be!candidates!for!membership!and!IEH’s!current!membership!numbers!are!small!in!this!context.!If!opportunities!to!increase!membership!numbers!are!not!seized,!our!opinion!is!that!IEH!will!fail!their!objectives,!see!Section!3.1.!New!members!will!result!in!increased!revenues!through!membership!fees.!It!is!up!to!IEH!to!balance!the!fee!structure!and!level,!as!well!as!the!service!level,!in!such!a!way!that!the!membership!fees!cover!the!cost!of!membership!services![!and!a!contribution!to!other!programmes!as!well.!IEH!changed!the!fee!structure!in!2010!in!order!to!become!more!self[sufficient.!IEH!also!notes!that!mostly!smaller!company!members!have!left!in!the!period!and!that!larger!companies!have!joined,!something!which!contributes!to!increased!cost[effectiveness,!By!the!end!of!2012,!the!fee!structure!does!not!seem!to!fully!match!the!ambition!level!of!IEH.!These!are!important!strategic!issues!that!need!to!be!considered!by!the!IEH!Board.!Our!recommendation!is!to!maintain!the!previous!strategy!of!growth.!2. Support!services!for!members!IEH!has!pointed!out!that!the!organization!considers!the!program!goals!in!the!Development!Plan!2010[2013!unrealistic,!as!in!the!case!of!the!membership!goals.!Still,!the!goals!and!data!provide!interesting!and!valuable!information.!The!general!picture!is!that!IEH!is!competent!in!serving!IEH!members,!but!to!a!limited!degree!(and!below!set!goals)!has!been!able!to!get!relevant!members!to!actually!implement!measures!to!improve!conditions!in!supply!chains.!!The!table!below!compares!original!targets!with!actuals.!With!regards!to!members’!experience!of!the!quality!of!the!services!received!from!IEH!the!organization!generally!scores!high!and!in!line!with!targets.!The!member!survey!from!November!2012!confirms!this.!The!%!of!members!who!have!anchored!the!work!on!ethical!trade!is!very!high!throughout!and!more!or!less!in!line!with!targets.!This!is!not!surprising,!however,!as!such!an!anchoring!would!normally!be!something!a!company!carries!out!before!taking!the!step!to!become!an!IEH!member,!with!IEH!membership!often!being!a!result!of!this.!!There!is!a!target!and!indicator!meant!to!convey!the!outcome!of!IEH’s!member!service!outputs,!through!members!rating!of!their!own!progress.!However,!unfortunately!the!data!is!weak!and!the!situation!highlights!the!problems!arising!from!IEH!not!having!a!proper!result[based!management!programme!with!a!monitoring!and!evaluation!programme.!The!outcome!of!IEH’s!membership!services!on!member’s!work!on!ethical!issues!broadly!speaking!is!thus!unclear!and!we!strongly!recommend!that!IEH!establish!a!consistent!monitoring!system!to!measure!this!in!the!future.!!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!28!IEH!has!failed!to!reach!the!targets!related!to!members!implementing!measures!to!improve!conditions!in!supply!chains,!at!least!for!2010!and!2011!(data!for!2012!is!still!not!available).!The!target!only!concerns!company!members!who!have!direct!contact!with!producers.!IEH’s!goal!has!been!to!increase!the!percentage!in!this!group!which!implements!targets!from!53%!in!2009!(baseline)!and!gradually!up!to!60%!by!2012.!The!actual!development!has!been!negative,!with!the!percentage!falling!to!43%!in!2010!and!2011.!Also!the!indicator!for!members’!use!of!tools,!such!as!RAID,!to!map!and!identify!ethical!risks!in!their!supply!chains,!show!low!and!below!target!penetration.!By!2011,!about!19%!of!the!total!membership!mass!was!using!such!tools!(the!target!was!40%).!The!relatively!low!level!of!membership!engagement!in!actually!addressing!and!improving!conditions!in!the!supply!chain!must!be!considered!a!fundamental!problem,!since!a!core!purpose!of!IEH!is!to!enable!members!to!improve!conditions!in!the!supply!chain.!!Goals!and!indicators!for!the!member!service!program!201082013!and!actual!2012!(ref.!Virksomhetsplanen+2010G2013,!and!data!received!from!IEH)!Indicators+Target+2010+Actual+2010+Target+2011+Actual+2011+Target+2012+Actual+2012+Average!score!on!IEH!delivery!from!all!members!(7!=!max)!!5.4!5.39+5.5!5.45+5.6!**+Average!score!of!assessment!of!own!progress!by!members!(4!=!max)!!2.2!2.13+2.3!1.6*+2.4!**+%!of!members!who!have!anchored!the!work!on!ethical!trade!in!the!company!strategy!95%!96%+96%!92%+97%!**+%!of!company!members!(>1!year)!who!have!implemented!measures!for!producers!(only!members!with!direct!contact!with!producers)!55%!43%+57%!43%+60%!**+Number!of!members!using!RAID!or!other!tools!!20!19+40!19+100!**+*+A+new+report+form+in+2011+means+that+this+number+is+not+directly+comparable.+**+The+data+is+taken+from+the+reports+of+members+and+report+for+2012+have+still+not+been+received.+!Note!that!since!Norad!does!not!directly!support!this!program,!IEH!has!not!reported!any!revised!targets!related!to!the!program!to!Norad!in!the!annual!meetings.!!3. Promoting!decent!working!conditions!in!production!countries!See!Section!4.2!above.!!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!29!!4. Information!and!communication!about!ethical!trade!The!agreement!between!IEH!and!Norad!specifies!the!following!objective:!IEH+is+a+leading+resource+centre+for+information+and+expertise+on+ethical+trade.+Activities!such!as!information!campaigns,!updated!websites!and!social!media!profiles!are!specified.!Two!indicators!are!included:!(1)+Knowledge+of+IEH+and+ethical+trade,!and!(2)!Number+of+subscribers+on+newsletters.!Knowledge!of!IEH!has!not!been!measured,!but!increasing!activity!on!social!media!(Facebook,!Twitter)!indicates!that!knowledge!may!improve,!but!so!far!only!500![!600!followers!are!registered!on!these!media.!The!development!of!subscribers!on!newsletters!has!developed!as!follows:!Newsletters!2010*2011*2012*(Actual**per*August)*Target*(ref.*Development*Plan*2010*$*2013)*1200*1600*2500*Revised*target*(ref.*IEH*report*for*2010*$*2012)***1200*Actual*1100*1040*1200*We!have!noted!that!the!targets!for!newsletters!were!modified!during!the!programme!period.!The!Development!Plan!budgets!for!the!information!activities!are!NOK!1.7![!2.0!million!per!year.!!We!conclude!that!the!ambitious!growth!in!the!Development!Plan!has!not!been!realized,!but!that!the!revised!goal!for!newsletters!for!2012!(set!in!2011)!is!reached.!The!decrease!from!2010!to!2011!is!due!to!removing!"cold"!subscribers.!!5. Policy!work!aimed!at!political!processes!and!frameworks!The!agreement!between!IEH!and!Norad!does!not!specify!any!objectives,!activities!or!indicators!for!this!programme.!!The!objective!stated!in!the!Development!Plan!2010![!2013!is:!Norwegian+public+authorities+promote+ethical+trade+in+their+own+activities+and+policies.!Three!indicators!are!specified,!with!the!following!objectives!for!2013:!Indicator+Objective+A.!Requirements!to!reporting!of!social!responsibility!is!included!Approved!in!the!legislation!for!accounting!!B.!The!public!sector!include!ethical!requirements!in!procurement!Approved!C.!An!independent!OECD!contact!point!has!been!established!!Functioning!and!is!functioning!IEH'!report!to!Norad!for!2010[2012!(per!August!2012)!does!not!comment!on!results!for!this!programme.!!Neither!do!the!annual!reports!for!2010!or!2011.!In!written!communication,!IEH!states!that!objective!C!has!been!achieved,!while!objectives!A!and!B!have!not!been!achieved.!With!regards!to!B,!some!public!institutions!(such!as!IEH!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!30!member!Helse!Sør[Øst)!have!begun!to!apply!ethical!standards!in!procurement.!This!is!still!not!mainstreamed!in!public!sector,!however.!!6.3 Are!the!ambitions!for!IEH’s!activities!in!line!with!its!economic!resources?!!In!this!section!we!shall!relate!actual!development!of!IEH!to!!the!Development!plan!for!IEH!2010![!2013!and!annual!budgets.!A!summary!is!included!in!the!table!below.!!!!!!!All!amounts!in!1000!NOK!!We!note!that!the!total!scope!of!activities,!according!to!the!development!plan,!was!supposed!to!increase!from!NOK!6!million!to!NOK!9.4!million!from!2009!to!2010.!This!amounts!to!a!56!%!increase!in!one!year,!and!a!further!increase!to!NOK!10!million!was!planned!for!2011.!The!plan!is!part!of!IEH's!application!to!Norad!dated!26!March!2010,!when!the!accounts!for!2009!were!available.!We!consider!the!planned!increase!in!total!activity!as!unrealistic.!A!brief!study!of!the!figures!by!IEH!![!or!Norad![!would!have!revealed!this.!We!further!note!that!IEH's!annual!budget!for!2010!was!NOK!7,574,000.!!!Further!studies!of!the!budget!process!in!2010!show!that!the!scope!of!the!development!plan!was!maintained!in!the!contacts!with!Norad,!at!least!until!5!May,!when!the!minutes!of!a!meeting!between!Norad!and!IEH!on!3!May!were!distributed.!In!the!agreement!for!2010![!2012,!signed!on!30!June,!the!budget!for!the!activities!to!be!supported!by!Norad!was!reduced!from!NOK!3,848,384!to!NOK!2,209,000.!We!assume!that!the!overall!budget!as!well!was!reduced!as!part!of!this!process.!The!total!change!involved!a!reduction!of!programme!costs!for!2010!of!as!much!as!32!%,!while!administration!costs!were!increased!by!165!%.!These!are!serious!changes,!which!are!not!commented!upon!by!neither!IEH!nor!Norad!in!documentation.!The!outputs,!activities!and!indicators!of!the!development!plan!were,!to!a!large!extent,!quoted!in!the!agreement,!and!the!development!plan!was!rather!ambitious.!The!outcome!of!the!budget!process!during!the!first!half!of!2010,!was!that!a!gap!arose!between!the!agreement,!based!on!the!development!plan,!and!the!financial!resources!of!IEH.!This!may!be!considered!a!root!cause!of!IEH’s!problems!with!meeting!its!contractual!commitments!	
2009
Actual	
Plan
2010/13	Budget	Actual	
Plan
2010/13	Budget	Actual	
1.44444Strengthening4support4for4
444444444ethical4trade4through4increasing4
444444444membership	885	4444444	4	846	4444444	4	510	4444444	4	885	4444444	4	460	4444444	4	361	4444444	4	
2.44444Support4services4for4members	342894444	242474444	247744444	344534444	247524444	148974444	
3.44444Promoting4decent4working4
444444444conditions4in4production4	245504444	141334444	907	4444444	4	248414444	144694444	144234444	
4.44444Information4and4communication4
44444444about4ethical4trade	147204444	144284444	147204444	148324444	240724444	243324444	
5.44444Policy4work4aimed4at4political4
44444444processes4and4frameworks	453	4444444	4	373	4444444	4	142	4444444	4	482	4444444	4	115	4444444	4	70	444444444	4	
Total&programme&cost	8&897&&&&	6&027&&&&	6&053&&&&	9&493&&&&	6&868&&&&	6&083&&&&	
Administration4cost	547	4444444	4	145474444	144534444	574	4444444	4	145914444	146454444	
Total&costs	6&058&&&&	9&444&&&&	7&574&&&&	7&506&&&&	10&067&&	8&459&&&&	7&728&&&&	
2010	2011	Programmes&supporting
the&objectives&of&IEH&

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!31!towards!Norad!in!the!period.!The!plan!and!budget!IEH!submitted!to!Norad!for!2011!is!more!realistic,!and!actual!performance!is!better!in!line!with!the!budget.!(Also!for!2010!performance!is!well!in!line!with!the!budget,!but!much!of!the!year!had!elapsed!before!the!budget!was!concluded.)!A!general!consequence!of!the!planning!process!in!2010!was!that!the!goals!of!the!result!based!management!system!had!been!blurred.!What!was!the!target:!The!unrealistic!objectives!of!the!development!plan,!or!the!more!loosely!specified!objectives!(at!least!for!2010)!of!the!annual!plan?!Further!comments!to!the!result!based!managements!system!are!included!in!Section!3.5.!For!the!evaluators!this!situation!also!presents!a!problem:!Is!IEH!to!be!evaluated!with!reference!to!the!development!plan,!which!was!the!basis!for!the!application!to!Norad!and!the!textual!part!of!the!agreement![!or!with!reference!to!the!budgets!which!indicate!lower!ambitions?!Our!approach!has!been!to!refer!to!both.!A!lesson!learned!from!the!process!described!above!is!that!both!parties!should!be!aware!of!the!link!between!the!ambitions!described!in!a!plan!or!agreement,!and!the!financial!resources!made!available.!When!budgets!are!reduced,!the!ambition!level!has!to!follow.!The!agreement!should!be!amended!in!order!to!maintain!an!orderly!relation!between!the!parties.!!From!2010!the!accounts!of!IEH!have!been!broken!down!on!programme!level.!This!is!commendable.!The!breakdown!is!not!available!to!us!for!2009,!and!we!assume!that!programme!budgeting!was!new!to!the!organization!in!2010.!!6.4 Gender!considerations!and!risk!of!corruption!!In!the!Code!of!Conduct,!IEH!refers!to!the!ILO!convention!(no.!100!and!111)!as!well!as!UN’s!Convention!on!the!Elimination!of!All!Forms!of!Discrimination!against!Women!(1979).!Gender!issues!are!highly!relevant!in!work!to!improve!conditions!in!supply!chains,!as!women,!minorities!and!children!are!more!often!exposed!to!unfair!and/or!illegal!working!conditions.!!From!what!we!can!see,!IEH!has!to!a!small!degree!operationalized!a!focus!on!gender!in!its!activities.!The!Development!Plan!2010[2013!does!not!have!a!gender!strategy!or!considerations!about!how!IEH!plan!to!work!with!and!achieve!results!related!to!gender.!The!IEH!report!to!Norad!for!2010[2012!does!not!contain!any!reporting!on!how!IEH!has!addressed!gender!in!the!period.!The!IEH!member!reporting!does!not!include!reporting!related!to!gender!issues.!As!we!have!pointed!out!earlier!(Section!4.4),!IEH!does!not!address!gender!issues!specifically!in!the!trainings!carried!out!in!developing!countries.!!We!recommend!that!IEH!strengthen!its!focus!on!gender,!explicitly!operationalizing!its!gender[related!goals!and!principles!in!the!work!towards!and!with!members!as!well!as!in!producing!countries.!IEH!ought!to!include!gender!issues!as!a!topic!for!members!to!report!on!and!include!indicators!for!measuring!outputs,!outcomes!and!impact!related!to!gender!in!producer!countries!in!the!strategic!plan!for!2013!to!2015.!!!!Prevention!of!corruption!IEH!is!a!small!and!transparent!organisation!with!a!limited!cash!flow.!There!are!few!suppliers!and!simple!agreements!between!IEH!and!their!suppliers.!IEH!do!not!have!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!32!customers!and!the!revenues!are!mainly!in!the!form!of!membership!fees!paid!according!to!a!set!schedule,!invoiced!every!year.!!In!producing!countries,!consultants!are!hired!on!time[bound!contracts!do!deliver!trainings,!and!costs!related!to!venue!and!food/drink!are!documented.!No!per!diems!or!travel!costs!are!covered!by!IEH.!The!risk!for!corruption!related!to!these!forms!of!activities!in!developing!countries!is!generally!low.!The!accounting!and!financial!control!system!is!according!to!Norwegian!legislation.!In!addition!to!regular!financial!accounts!IEH!also!keep!activity!accounts!related!to!their!five!programme!areas.!IEH'!accounts!are!kept!by!the!authorised!accountant!RSM!Hasner!AS.!The!independent!auditor!RSM!Hasner!AS!audits!the!accounts,!which!are!considered!and!approved!by!the!Board!and!finally!approved!by!the!annual!meeting!of!IEH!members.!In!our!view!there!is!no!indication!that!IEH!is!exposed!to!corruption.!The!organization's!financial!control!system!is!in!line!with!Norwegian!legislation!and!regular!practices.!!!!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!33!References!!*• Barrientos,*S.*&*Smith,*S.*(2006):*The$ETI$code$of$labour$practice:$Do$workers$really$benefit?*Report*ETI*Impact*Assessment*2006.*Part*4.*Institute*of*Development*Studies.*• IEH*(2010):*Virksomhetsplan$for$IEH.$Strategiperioden$2010=2013.*• IEH*(2010):*Søknad$om$tilskudd$til$Initiativ$for$Etisk$Handel$(IEH).$• IEH*(2010):*Oppsummering$planmøte$med$Norad$17.$Desember$2010.$• IEH*(2010):*Årsrapport$til$Norad$2010.*• IEH*(2011):*Virksomhetsplan$IEH$2011.*• IEH*(2011):*Styreinstruks$for$Initiativ$for$Etisk$Handel$(IEH).*• IEH*(2011):*Typisk$norsk$å$være$naiv?*• IEH*(2011):*Referat$fra$årlig$møte$mellom$IEH$og$Norad$$den$28.$Mars$2011.$*• IEH*(2011):*Sammen$kan$vi$flytte$fjell.$Årsrapport$2011.*• IEH*(2011):*Referat$fra$planmøte$mellom$IEH$og$Norad$den$10.$November$2011.*• IEH*(2011):*Årsrapport$til$Norad$2011.*• IEH*(2012):*Virksomhetsplan$til$Norad$2012.*• IEH*(2012):*Sluttrapport$til$Norad$2010=2012.*• IEH*(2012):*Referat$fra$årlig$møte$mellom$IEH$og$Norad$den$3.$Mai$2012.*• IEH*(no*date):*Code$of$Conduct.$• IEH*(no*date):*Prinsipperklæring$for$Initiativ$for$Etisk$Handel$(IEH).$• IEH*&*impactt*(2010):*Training$course$summary$India$2010.*• IEH*&*impactt*(2010):*Training$course$summary$China$2010.*• IEH*&*INFACT*Global*Partners:*Training$course$summary$China$(Shenzhen)$2011.*• IEH,*INFACT*Global*Partners*and*Level*works:*Training$course$summary$China$(Guangzhou$and$Shanghai)$2012.*• IEH*&*MFA*(no*date):*A$Practitioner’s$Guide$to$Ethical$Trade.*EHI*&*Norwegian*Ministry*of*Foreign*Affairs*(MFA).*• IEH,*Level*Works*and*In*Fact*Solutions:*Training$course$summary$India$2011.$$• IEH*&*VBCSD:*Training*course*summary*Vietnam*2011.*IEH*and*Vietnam*Business*Council*for*Sustainable*Development*(VBCSD).*• ILO*(2012):*Independent$Evaluation$of$the$ILO’s$Decent$Work$Country$Programme$for$India$2007=2012,$vol.$2:$Case$Studies.*ILO*Evaluation*Unit,*Geneva.*• MFA*(2012):*Utenriksdepartementet$Prop$1$S$(2012=2013.$Kap.$161,$Post$70$Næringsutvikling.*Norwegian*Ministry*of*Foreign*Affairs.*• MFA*(no*date):*Næringsliv$skaper$utvikling.*Norwegian*Ministry*of*Foreign*Affairs.*• Norad*(1999):*The$Logical$Franework$Approach$(LFA):$Handbook$for$objectives=oriented$planning.$Fourth$edition.*• Norad*(2007):*Assessment$of$Sustainability$Elements/Key$Risk$Factors.$Practical$guide.**• Norad*(2008):*Results$Management$in$Norwegian$Development$Cooperation.*• Norad*(2010):*Avtale$mellom$Initiativ$for$Etisk$Handel$(IEH)$og$Direktoratet$for$utviklingssamarbeid$(Norad).*• Norad*(2011):*Norad$strategi$mot$2015.*• Norad*(2012):*Norads$støtte$til$næringsutvikling.*Available*at*www.norad.no.*• Norad*(2012):*Regelverk$for$Samarbeid$om$rammevilkår$for$næringsutvikling$i$Sør.**

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!34!• Norad*(2012):*End$review$of$Initiative$for$Etyhical$Trade$Norway.$Norad$frame$agreement$2010=2012.$Terms$of$Reference.*• Næss,*B.*(2010):*Evaluering$av$samarbeidet$mellom$initiativ$for$etisk$handel$(IEH)$og$Norad$i$perioden$2006=2009.*!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!35!Appendix(1:(List(of(interviewees(and(people(consulted(with!!IEH,!partners!and!stakeholders!• Bhatia,!Arti.!Market!adviser,!Innovation!Norway,!New!Delhi,!India.!!• Bondevik,!Per.!Manager!IEH.!• Chakrabarti,!Manas.!Learning!Consultant,!New!Delhi,!India.!• Foss,!Stine.!Project!Coordinator,!IEH.!• Lefebure[Henriksen.!Head!of!CSR!in!India,!Varner!gruppen.!IEH!board!member.!!• Lutnæs,!Knut.!Chair!of!the!board!of!IEH.!Representative!of!Coop.!• Mukherjee,!Maitryee.!Instructional!Design!Leader,!Fair!Labor!Organization,!Gurgaon,!India.!!• Nævdal,!Harald.!Head!of!Unit,!Innovation!Norway!New!Delhi,!India.!• Paulsrud,!Magne.!Acting!Manager,!IEH!(Oct.!–!Dec.!2012).!• Stenvold,!Thoralf.!Counsellor,!Norwegian!Embassy!in!New!Delhi,!India.!• Singh,!Vinita.!CSR!consultant!in!New!Delhi.!• Tollefsen,!Petter!W.!Second!secretary,!Norwegian!embassy!in!New!Delhi,!India.!• Winum,!Gunelie.!Project!Manager!International!Activities,!IEH.!!Interviewed!training!participants!in!India!2011(*)!and!2012(**)!• Agarwal,!Vikas.!BM!(India).!(*)!• Bhatnagar,!Sanjeev.!Tryshoera!India!Pvt!Ltd.!(**)!• Bilal,!Mohammad.!Al!Uniqua!Impex.!(**)!• Biswa,!Biswamber.!Fat!Face!ltd.!(**)!• Guptsa,!Anil!Kumar.!CTA!Apparales!Pvt.!Ltd.!(**)!• Joshi,!Akhilesh.!Ess!&!Bee!International.!(**)!• Juneja,!Suparna.!Orient!Craft!Ltd.!(**)!• Khan,!Mohd.!Yunus.!Al!Unique!Impex!(*/**)!• Kumar,!Ashok.!Supreme!Index.!(*)!• Kumar,!Manish.!Afflatus!International!(**)!• Kumar,!Naveen.!MHK!Exports!PVT!Ltd.!(**)!• Kumar,!Sanjay.!Vizjione.!(**)!• Mishra,!Ajay!Kumar.!CTA!Apprales!PVT!Lrtd.!(**)!• Misri,!Sunita.!MHK!Exports!Pvt.!Ltd.!(**)!• Shahnawaz,!Ahmed.!S.K.!Foreign!Trade!Services.!(*/**)!• Sharma,!Deepak.!Primark.!(*)!• Simon,!Terence!G.!KappAhl!Far!East!Ltd!India!(**)!• Smitha,!x.!Scotts!Garments!Ltd.!(*)!• Tripathi,!Manish.!Ess&Bee!International.!• Verma,!Deepti.!Dolphin!Apparels!(*)!!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!36!Appendix(2:(WebDsurvey'of!IEH$members!(in$Norwegian)!!Den!elektroniske!spørreundersøkelsen!ble!sendt!ut!til!alle!medlemmer!1.!november!2012!og!ble!avsluttet!13.!november.!Spørreundersøkelsen!ble!sendt!til!den!kontaktperson!som!medlemmene!har!registrert!hos!IEH.!Hvert!medlem!ble!purret!to!ganger!i!løpet!av!undersøkelsesperioden.!!Spørreundersøkelsen!ble!sendt!ut!til!126!medlemmer!og!vi!mottok!70!svar,!noe!som!gir!en!svarprosent!på!56%.!I!det!følgende!er!hele!spørreundersøkelsen!samt!svarene!i!figurer.!Bemerk!at!en!respondent!utgjør!1,25%,!når!svarerne!oppgjøres!i!%.!!!!!!!!!1. Hvor!mange!årsverk!er!det!i!din!virksomhet?!!!!!2. Hvilken!funksjon/rolle!har!du!i!virksomheten?!!!!Side'1'1.%Hvor%mange%årsverk%er%det%i%din%virksomhet?%%%2.%Hvilken%funksjon/rolle%har%du%i%virksomheten?%%%3.%Hvilken%bransje%tilhører%din%virksomhet?%%%	36%%29%%36%%	0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%1G50%årsverk%og/eller%<80%mill.%i%omsetning%(liten%bedriJ)%50G250%årsverk%og/eller%80G399%mill.%i%omsetning%(mellomstor%bedriJ)%+250%årsverk%og/eller%>400%mill.%i%omsetning%(stor%bedriJ)%	34%%31%%17%%13%%1%%1%%1%%1%%	0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%CSRGansvarlig%Leder%Innkjøp/logisSkk%Annet%Salg%Informasjon%Annet%Manglende%svar%	14%%11%%10%%10%%7%%6%%6%%3%%3%%2%%1%%1%%1%%4%%	Organisasjon%Oﬀentlig%sektor%Møbler%/%Interiør%ProﬁlarSkler%/%Gaver%	Sport%	Dagligvare%	Industriproduksjon%Infrastruktur%/%Eiendom%	Leker%	TeksSl%/%Mote%/%Fo_øy%	Elektronikk%	Reiseliv%/%Turisme%Storhusholdning%Manglende%svar%	Side'1'1.%Hvor%mange%årsverk%er%det%i%din%virksomhet?%%%2.%Hvilken%funksjon/rolle%har%du%i%virksomheten?%%%3.%Hvilken%bransje%tilhører%din%virksomhet?%%%	36%%29%%36%%	0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%1G50%årsverk%og/eller%<80%mill.%i%omsetning%(liten%bedriJ)%50G250%årsverk%og/eller%80G399%mill.%i%omsetning%(mellomstor%bedriJ)%+250%årsverk%og/eller%>400%mill.%i%omsetning%(stor%bedriJ)%	34%%31%%17%%13%%1%%1%%1%%1%%	0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%CSRGansvarlig%Leder%Innkjøp/logisSkk%Annet%Salg%Informasjon%Annet%Manglende%svar%	14%%11%%10%%10%%7%%6%%6%%3%%3%%2%%1%%1%%1%%4%%	Organisasjon%Oﬀentlig%sektor%Møbler%/%Interiør%ProﬁlarSkler%/%Gaver%	Sport%	Dagligvare%	Industriproduksjon%Infrastruktur%/%Eiendom%	Leker%	TeksSl%/%Mote%/%Fo_øy%	Elektronikk%	Reiseliv%/%Turisme%Storhusholdning%Manglende%svar%

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!37!3. Hvilken!bransje!tilhører!din!virksomhet?!!!4. Hvilket!år!ble!din!virksomhet!medlem!av!IEH?!!!5. Hvilken!type!leverandørkontakt!har!dere?!!Side'1'1.%Hvor%mange%årsverk%er%det%i%din%virksomhet?%%%2.%Hvilken%funksjon/rolle%har%du%i%virksomheten?%%%3.%Hvilken%bransje%tilhører%din%virksomhet?%%%	36%%29%%36%%	0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%1G50%årsverk%og/eller%<80%mill.%i%omsetning%(liten%bedriJ)%50G250%årsverk%og/eller%80G399%mill.%i%omsetning%(mellomstor%bedriJ)%+250%årsverk%og/eller%>400%mill.%i%omsetning%(stor%bedriJ)%	34%%31%%17%%13%%1%%1%%1%%1%%	0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%CSRGansvarlig%Leder%Innkjøp/logisSkk%Annet%Salg%Informasjon%Annet%Manglende%svar%	14%%11%%10%%10%%7%%6%%6%%3%%3%%2%%1%%1%%1%%4%%	Organisasjon%Oﬀentlig%sektor%Møbler%/%Interiør%ProﬁlarSkler%/%Gaver%	Sport%	Dagligvare%	Industriproduksjon%Infrastruktur%/%Eiendom%	Leker%	TeksSl%/%Mote%/%Fo_øy%	Elektronikk%	Reiseliv%/%Turisme%Storhusholdning%Manglende%svar%	4.%Hvilket%år%ble%din%virksomhet%medlem%av%IEH?%%%%	7%%4%%3%%6%%6%%3%%7%%1%%1%%16%%11%%7%%1%%4%%	2000%2001%2002%2003%2004%2005%2006%2007%2008%2009%2010%2011%2012%	Manglende%svar%	Side'2'5.%Hvilken%type%leverandørkontakt%har%dere?%%%6.%Hva%anser%du%å%være%din%virksomhets%tre%viktigste%prioriteter%med%etisk%handel%de%neste%tre%år?%%%%	7%%17%%20%%56%%	Vi%har%ikke%kontakt%med%mellomledd%og/	eller%produsenter%	Kontakt%med%mellomledd%(agenter/	importører)%	Direkte%kontakt%med%produsenter%Kontakt%både%med%produsenter%og%	mellomledd%	3%%11%%11%%19%%29%%37%%43%%60%%81%%	Annet%	Oppnå%konkurransefortrinn%Våre%kunder%forventer%det%	Innføre%miljøSltak%i%leverandørkjeden%Styrke%virksomhetens%omdømme%Styrke%kvalitet%og%leveringssikkerhet%Bidra%Sl%bærekraJig%global%handel%	Bidra%Sl%at%man%ikke%er%delakSg%i%barneG,%tvangsG%eller%	slavearbeid%	Bidra%Sl%anstendige%arbeidsforhold%i%leverandørkjeden%	(lønn,%arbeidsSd,%anse_elsesforhold)%

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!38!!6. Hva!anser!du!å!være!din!virksomhets!tre!viktigste!prioriteter!med!etisk!handel!de!neste!tre!år?!!7. I!hvilken!grad!matcher!IEHs!tilbud!din!virksomhets!behov!for!å!nå!målsettingene!knyttet!til!etisk!handel?!!!!Side'2'5.%Hvilken%type%leverandørkontakt%har%dere?%%%6.%Hva%anser%du%å%være%din%virksomhets%tre%viktigste%prioriteter%med%etisk%handel%de%neste%tre%år?%%%%	7%%17%%20%%56%%	Vi%har%ikke%kontakt%med%mellomledd%og/	eller%produsenter%	Kontakt%med%mellomledd%(agenter/	importører)%	Direkte%kontakt%med%produsenter%Kontakt%både%med%produsenter%og%	mellomledd%	3%%11%%11%%19%%29%%37%%43%%60%%81%%	Annet%	Oppnå%konkurransefortrinn%Våre%kunder%forventer%det%	Innføre%miljøSltak%i%leverandørkjeden%Styrke%virksomhetens%omdømme%Styrke%kvalitet%og%leveringssikkerhet%Bidra%Sl%bærekraJig%global%handel%	Bidra%Sl%at%man%ikke%er%delakSg%i%barneG,%tvangsG%eller%	slavearbeid%	Bidra%Sl%anstendige%arbeidsforhold%i%leverandørkjeden%	(lønn,%arbeidsSd,%anse_elsesforhold)%	Side'3'7.%I%hvilken%grad%matcher%IEHs%tilbud%din%virksomhets%behov%for%å%nå%målsettingene%knyttet%til%etisk%handel?%%%%	11%%9%%4%%1%%11%%4%%4%%7%%16%%19%%4%%4%%10%%19%%21%%27%%30%%37%%10%%11%%27%%41%%33%%3%%33%%23%%20%%41%%41%%34%%16%%21%%4%%26%%11%%7%%39%%40%%23%%3%%7%%6%%7%%9%%9%%1%%3%%4%%10%%13%%83%%	1.%Styrke%virksomhetens%omdømme%2.%Styrke%kvalitet%og%leveringssikkerhet%3.%Innføre%miljøSltak%i%leverandørkjeden%%	4.%Bidra%Sl%anstendige%arbeidsforhold%i%leverandørkjeden%(lønn,%	arbeidsSd,%anse_elsesforhold)%	5.%Bidra%at%vi%ikke%er%delakSg%i%barneG,%tvangsG%eller%slavearbeid%%	6.%Bidra%Sl%bærekraJig%global%handel%7.%For%å%oppnå%konkurransefortrinn%8.%Fordi%våre%kunder%forventer%det%	9.%Annet%	1%G%Ikke%i%det%hele%ta_%2%3%4%5G%Fullstendig%Manglende%svar%

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!39!!8. Ranger!følgende!tjenester!etter!kvalitet.!Svar!på!en!skala!fra!1[5,!hvor!1!betyr!"meget!lav!kvalitet"!og!5!"meget!høy!kvalitet".!!!!!!Side'4'8.%Ranger%følgende%tjenester%etter%kvalitet.%Svar%på%en%skala%fra%1G5,%hvor%1%betyr%"meget%lav%kvalitet"%og%5%"meget%høy%kvalitet".%%%%%%	3%%1%%1%%1%%1%%1%%1%%3%%4%%7%%6%%9%%6%%10%%6%%10%%7%%26%%30%%23%%24%%19%%30%%30%%36%%31%%37%%41%%40%%46%%37%%51%%44%%26%%33%%34%%29%%23%%20%%19%%23%%17%%10%%17%%13%%11%%11%%7%%6%%6%%7%%3%%9%%16%%11%%11%%14%%	Rådgivning%i%enkeltsaker%%	Åpne%ne_sider%og%IEHs%nyhetsbrev%%	Opplæring/kurs%i%Norge%	Maler,%ressurser%og%verktøy%på%medlemssider%%	Seminar/ne_verksmøter%i%IEHGregi%Medlemssider%som%krever%innlogging%%	Kurs%i%produsentland%(Kina,%India,%Vietnam)%	Håndbok%i%forbedringsarbeid%(Good%PracSce%Guide)%på%	lokalt%språk%for%produsenter%%	Myndighetskontakt%og%påvirkning%	Ne_verk%av%lokale%ressurser/organisasjoner%(Local%	Resources%Network)%	1%G%Meget%lav%kvalitet%2%3%4%5%GMeget%høy%kvalitet%Manglende%svar%

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!40!9. Ranger!følgende!tjenester!etter!viktighet.!Svar!på!en!skala!fra!1[5,!hvor!1!betyr!"meget!lav!viktighet"!og!5!"meget!høy!viktighet".!!!NB:!Score!viser!svar!i!spennet!mellom!”meget!lav!viktighet”!og!”meget!høy!viktighet”,!ikke!”meget!lav!kvalitet”!og!”meget!høy!kvalitet”!som!det!anføres!i!teksten!under!figuren.!!10. Er!det!andre!tilbud!som!du!synes!IEH!burde!tilby!sine!medlemmer?!!!!!!!!!!Side'5'9.%Ranger%følgende%tjenester%etter%viktighet.%Svar%på%en%skala%fra%1G5,%hvor%1%betyr%"meget%lav%viktighet"%og%5%"meget%høy%viktighet".%%%%	1%%1%%3%%1%%6%%3%%7%%6%%3%%7%%4%%7%%3%%6%%10%%14%%17%%19%%23%%24%%29%%37%%34%%36%%36%%40%%30%%37%%47%%31%%37%%29%%39%%33%%46%%39%%40%%31%%23%%26%%20%%23%%16%%13%%3%%3%%6%%7%%3%%10%%7%%4%%7%%11%%	Rådgivning%i%enkeltsaker%%Opplæring/kurs%i%Norge%	Maler,%ressurser%og%verktøy%på%medlemssider%%	Myndighetskontakt%og%påvirkning%Seminar/ne_verksmøter%i%IEHGregi%	Håndbok%i%forbedringsarbeid%(Good%PracSce%Guide)%på%lokalt%	språk%for%produsenter%%	Ne_verk%av%lokale%ressurser/organisasjoner%(Local%	Resources%Network)%	Åpne%ne_sider%og%IEHs%nyhetsbrev%%Medlemssider%som%krever%innlogging%%	Kurs%i%produsentland%(Kina,%India,%Vietnam)%	1%G%Meget%lav%kvalitet%2%3%4%5%GMeget%høy%kvalitet%Manglende%svar%Side'6'10.%Er%det%andre%tilbud%som%du%synes%IEH%burde%tilby%sine%medlemmer?%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%	16%%80%%4%%	0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%Ja%Nei%Manglende%svar%

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!41!!!11.!I!hvilken!grad!er!du!enig!i!følgende!påstander:!!12. Har!deres!leverandører!deltatt!på!IEHs!kurs!for!produsenter!!i!Kina,!India!eller!Vietnam?!!I!så!fall,!hvor?!(ikke+prosent+her)!!!Side'7'11.%I%hvilken%grad%er%du%enig%i%følgende%påstander:%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%	1%%1%%1%%3%%7%%3%%3%%6%%6%%11%%7%%7%%13%%14%%19%%16%%20%%41%%33%%39%%47%%34%%51%%26%%26%%33%%40%%31%%36%%23%%36%%19%%10%%4%%4%%4%%4%%6%%4%%10%%	IEH%har%den%nødvendige%kompetanse%innenfor%eSsk%	handel.%	Jeg%er%svært%godt%fornøyd%med%den%service%jeg%får%hos%	IEHer,%ressurser%og%verktøy%på%medlemssider%%Gjennom%IEH%har%vi%Slgang%Sl%kurs%og%annen%	kompetanseheving%som%vi%har%behov%for%i%vårt%arbeid%med%	eSsk%handel.%%	Medlemskap%i%IEH%gir%oss%Slgang%Sl%det%vi%trenger%av%	ressurser%og%verktøy.%	Uten%hjelp%og%bistand%fra%IEH%hadde%vi%ikke%lykkes%i%samme%	grad%med%vårt%eSsk%handelGarbeid.%	IEH%burde%styrke%si_%Slbud%og%fokus%på%miljøstyring%i%	leverandørkjeden.%%	Leverandørhåndboken%Good%PracSce%Guide%er%et%meget%	nyng%verktøy%for%oss.%	1%G%Svært%uenig%2%3%4%5%GSvært%enig%Manglende%svar%Side'8'12.%Har%deres%leverandører%deltatt%på%IEHs%kurs%for%produsenter%%i%Kina,%India%eller%Vietnam?%%%I%så%fall,%hvor?%(ikke%prosent%her)%%%13.%Har%din%virksomhet%formidlet%leverandørhåndboken%Good%Practice%Guide%til%mellomledd%og/eller%produsenter?%%14.%Har%din%virksomhet%som%fast%rutine%at%leverandørhåndboken%Good%Practice%Guide%formidles%til%mellomledd%og/eller%produsenter%når%et%samarbeid%starter%opp?%%%%%	27%%46%%20%%7%%	0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%Ja%Nei%Vet%ikke%Manglende%svar%	18%4%0%	Kina%India%Vietnam%	47%%47%%6%%	0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%Ja%Nei%Manglende%svar%	23%%71%%6%%	0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%Ja%Nei%Manglende%svar%Side'8'12.%Har%deres%leverandører%deltatt%på%IEHs%kurs%for%produsenter%%i%Kina,%India%eller%Vietnam?%%%I%så%fall,%hvor?%(ikke%prosent%her)%%%13.%Har%din%virksomhet%formidlet%leverandørhåndboken%Good%Practice%Guide%til%mellomledd%og/eller%produsenter?%%14.%Har%din%virksomhet%som%fast%rutine%at%leverandørhåndboken%Good%Practice%Guide%formidles%til%mellomledd%og/eller%produsenter%når%et%samarbeid%starter%opp?%%%%%	27%%46%%20%%7%%	0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%Ja%Nei%Vet%ikke%Manglende%svar%	18%4%0%	Kina%India%Vietnam%	47%%47%%6%%	0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%Ja%Nei%Manglende%svar%	23%%71%%6%%	0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%Ja%Nei%Manglende%svar%

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!42!!13.!Har!din!virksomhet!formidlet!leverandørhåndboken!Good!Practice!Guide!til!mellomledd!og/eller!produsenter?!!14.!Har!din!virksomhet!som!fast!rutine!at!leverandørhåndboken!Good!Practice!Guide!formidles!til!mellomledd!og/eller!produsenter!når!et!samarbeid!starter!opp?!!Kun!stilt!til!de!som!svarte!ja!på!spørsmål!12!side!8!15.!I!hvilken!grad!er!du!enig!i!følgende!påstander:!!Side'8'12.%Har%deres%leverandører%deltatt%på%IEHs%kurs%for%produsenter%%i%Kina,%India%eller%Vietnam?%%%I%så%fall,%hvor?%(ikke%prosent%her)%%%13.%Har%din%virksomhet%formidlet%leverandørhåndboken%Good%Practice%Guide%til%mellomledd%og/eller%produsenter?%%14.%Har%din%virksomhet%som%fast%rutine%at%leverandørhåndboken%Good%Practice%Guide%formidles%til%mellomledd%og/eller%produsenter%når%et%samarbeid%starter%opp?%%%%%	27%%46%%20%%7%%	0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%Ja%Nei%Vet%ikke%Manglende%svar%	18%4%0%	Kina%India%Vietnam%	47%%47%%6%%	0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%Ja%Nei%Manglende%svar%	23%%71%%6%%	0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%Ja%Nei%Manglende%svar%Side'8'12.%Har%deres%leverandører%deltatt%på%IEHs%kurs%for%produsenter%%i%Kina,%India%eller%Vietnam?%%%I%så%fall,%hvor?%(ikke%prosent%her)%%%13.%Har%din%virksomhet%formidlet%leverandørhåndboken%Good%Practice%Guide%til%mellomledd%og/eller%produsenter?%%14.%Har%din%virksomhet%som%fast%rutine%at%leverandørhåndboken%Good%Practice%Guide%formidles%til%mellomledd%og/eller%produsenter%når%et%samarbeid%starter%opp?%%%%%	27%%46%%20%%7%%	0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%Ja%Nei%Vet%ikke%Manglende%svar%	18%4%0%	Kina%India%Vietnam%	47%%47%%6%%	0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%Ja%Nei%Manglende%svar%	23%%71%%6%%	0%%10%%20%%30%%40%%50%%60%%70%%80%%90%%100%%Ja%Nei%Manglende%svar%Side'9'Kun%stilt%til%de%som%svarte%ja%på%spørsmål%12%side%8%15.%I%hvilken%grad%er%du%enig%i%følgende%påstander:%%%%%	11%%5%%16%%11%%11%%16%%16%%5%%16%%16%%5%%16%%11%%21%%21%%21%%21%%37%%47%%53%%42%%68%%58%%58%%58%%47%%32%%16%%26%%21%%5%%5%%11%%11%%16%%5%%5%%5%%5%%5%%5%%5%%5%%5%%5%%	Leverandører%som%har%vært%på%IEHs%kurs%har%større%forståelse%	for%krav%og%forventninger%i%eSske%retningslinjer%enn%leverandører%som%ikke%har%delta_%på%IEHs%kurs.%	Vi%har%i%liten%grad%erfart%konkrete%endringer%hos%leverandører%	som%har%delta_%på%IEHs%kurs.%	IEHs%kurs%i%produsentland%og%leverandørhåndboken%Good%PracSce%Guide%har%ha_%konkret%og%posiSv%innvirkning%på%	forhold%hos%våre%leverandører.%	Det%er%le_ere%å%ha%dialog%om%forbedringer%med%leverandører%som%har%vært%på%IEHs%kurs%enn%leverandører%som%ikke%har%	delta_%på%IEHs%kurs.%	Vi%har%konkret%erfaring%med%at%leverandører%som%har%delta_%på%IEHs%kurs%er%mer%åpne%om%uoordringer%enn%leverandører%som%	ikke%har%vært%på%IEHs%kurs.%	%Vi%har%konkret%erfaring%med%at%leverandører%har%iverksa_%	forbedringer%e_er%å%ha%delta_%på%IEHs%kurs.%	Vi%har%konkret%erfaring%med%at%leverandører%som%har%delta_%på%	IEHs%kurs%i%større%grad%involverer%arbeidere%i%konkret%forbedringsarbeid%e_er%gjennomføring%av%kurset.%%Vi%har%konkret%erfaring%med%at%leverandører%bruker%leverandørhåndboken%Good%PracSce%Guide%akSvt%i%eget%	forbedringsarbeid.%	Vi%har%konkret%erfaring%med%at%leverandører%som%har%delta_%på%IEHs%kurs%har%styrket%staben%for%å%kunne%håndtere%eSske%krav%	fra%kunder.%	1%G%Svært%uenig%2%3%4%5%GSvært%enig%Manglende%svar%

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!43!!Til!alle!16.!For!at!vi!skal!kunne!forbedre!forhold!i!våre!leverandørkjeder!er!det!viktig!at!IEH!gjennomfører!kurs!for!produsenter!i!flere!land!!*17.*For*at*vi*skal*kunne*forbedre*forhold*i*våre*leverandørkjeder*er*det*viktig*at*IEH*supplerer*nåværende*kurs*i*produsentland*med*oppfølgingskurs*som*går*mer*i*dybden*på*enkelte*temaer.**!Side'10'%For%at%vi%skal%kunne%forbedre%forhold%i%våre%leverandørkjeder%er%det%viktig%at%IEH%gjennomfører%kurs%for%produsenter%i%flere%land%%For at vi skal kunne forbedre forhold i våre leverandørkjeder er det viktig at IEH supplerer nåværende kurs i produsentland med oppfølgingskurs som går mer i dybden på enkelte temaer. %%	3%%17%%36%%23%%16%%6%%For%at%vi%skal%kunne%forbedre%forhold%i%våre%	leverandørkjeder%er%det%vikSg%at%IEH%gjennomfører%kurs%	for%produsenter%i%ﬂere%land.%	1%G%Svært%uenig%2%3%4%5%GSvært%enig%Manglende%svar%	3%%14%%46%%11%%11%%14%%For%at%vi%skal%kunne%forbedre%forhold%i%våre%	leverandørkjeder%er%det%vikSg%at%IEH%supplerer%nåværende%kurs%i%produsentland%med%oppfølgingskurs%som%går%mer%i%1%G%Svært%uenig%2%3%4%5%GSvært%enig%Manglende%svar%Side'10'%For%at%vi%skal%kunne%forbedre%forhold%i%våre%leverandørkjeder%er%det%viktig%at%IEH%gjennomfører%kurs%for%produsenter%i%flere%land%%For at vi skal kunne forbedre forhold i våre leverandørkjeder er det viktig at IEH supplerer nåværende kurs i produsentland med oppfølgingskurs som går mer i dybden på enkelte temaer. %%	3%%17%%36%%23%%16%%6%%For%at%vi%skal%kunne%forbedre%forhold%i%våre%	leverandørkjeder%er%det%vikSg%at%IEH%gjennomfører%kurs%	for%produsenter%i%ﬂere%land.%	1%G%Svært%uenig%2%3%4%5%GSvært%enig%Manglende%svar%	3%%14%%46%%11%%11%%14%%For%at%vi%skal%kunne%forbedre%forhold%i%våre%	leverandørkjeder%er%det%vikSg%at%IEH%supplerer%nåværende%kurs%i%produsentland%med%oppfølgingskurs%som%går%mer%i%1%G%Svært%uenig%2%3%4%5%GSvært%enig%Manglende%svar%

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!44!Appendix(3:(Interview(summary,(Indian!training'participants!!2011!The!participant!list!provided!by!IEH!contained!32!named!participants!and!1!un[named!participant.!For!3!named!participants!and!the!1!unnamed!participant!there!was!no!contact!information.!We!sent!email!to!all!participants!on!27!Nov.!and!called!all!participants!on!28!Nov!(afternoon)!and!29!Nov!(afternoon).!We!received!feedback!from!8!participants!(25%),!by!email!(4)!or!phone!(4),!representing!8!different!companies!(29%).!For!9!participants!the!phone!number!did!not!work,!and!no!email[reply.!For!6!participants!no!one!answered!the!phone,!and!no!email!reply.!For!5!participants!were!not!available,!and!no!email!reply.!1!participant!insisted!he!did!not!participate!in!the!training!India!2011:!Summary!of!feedback!from!participants!(8!of!33!–!25%)!Yes!Not!really!Do!you!consider!this!type!of!course!important?!7!0!Comment:+All+informants+were+clear+that+there+is+a+great+need+for+these+types+of+courses+!!Did!you!introduce!specific!changes!at!your!work!place,!as!a!consequence!of!having!attended!the!course?!6!1!Comment:+Most+informants+noted+that+they+were+in+process+of+introducing+improvements+and+that+the+course+contributed+to+this,+but+could+generally+not+point+to+specific+issues/actions+the+course+had+triggered.!!!Has/do!you!believe!the!Good!Practice!Guidebook!that!you!received!at!the!course!been/will!be!useful?!!5!2!Comment:+Most+informants+noted+that+the+GPG+is+of+high+quality,+but+several+pointed+out+that+it+is+not+a+very+practical+tool+on+the+ground.+!!Would!you!be!interested!in!participating!in!another!course!by!ETI!going!more!in!depth!on!specific!topics?!5!1!Comment:+Most+informants+were+interested+in+more+training+on+specific+topics.+The+one+who+was+not,+referred+to+the+fact+that+he+was+in+beginning+stages+and+therefore+the+introduction+course+served+his+needs+for+now.!!!Other!comments!about!strengths!and!weakness!of!ETI’s!course:!Strengths:!A)!High!quality!and!competence!by!organizers.!B)!Comprehensive!agenda.!Weaknesses:!A)!Could!have!provided!more!concrete!examples/solutions!for!the!Indian!context.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!B)!Lack!of!follow[up:!Are!recommendations!followed!up!or!not?!How?!Why?!!!!

End!Review!of!Initiative!for!Ethical!Trade!Norway!for!Norad!Vista!Analyse!AS!45!!2012!The!participant!list!provided!by!IEH!contained!24!names!and!provided!telephone!numbers!but!no!email!for!contact.!We!called!all!participants!at!least!two!times!on!28.!Nov.,!29.!Nov.!and!30.!Nov.!We!were!able!to!contact!and!interview!14!participants.!6!numbers!did!not!work.!1!person!was!not!available.!1!person!nobody!answered.!For!2!persons!there!was!no!phone!number.!India!2012:!Summary!of!responses!from!participants!(13!of!24!–!54%)!Yes!Not!really!Do!you!consider!this!type!of!course!important?!14!0!Did!you/do!you!plan!to!introduce!specific!changes!at!your!work!place,!as!a!consequence!of!having!attended!the!course?!Examples+mentioned+and+comment:+5+Increased+dialogue+between+management+and+workers+5+Very+few+had+concrete+action+points+10!3!Do!you!believe!the!Good!Practice!Guidebook!that!you!received!at!the!course!will!be!useful?!!Comments:++[ Many+noted+that+content+is+of+very+good+quality.+[ One+interviewee+noted+that+they+use+the+GPG+in+actual+training+[ In+general+one+got+the+impression+that+agents+like+it+very+much+while+those+in+the+actual+factories+find+it+less+practical!11!1!Would!you!be!interested!in!participating!in!another!course!by!ETI!going!more!in!depth!on!specific!topics?!Topics+mentioned:+[ Worker5management+dialogue+(by+several)+[ Standards+and+best+practice+incl.+tools+for+mobilizing+workers+[ Health,+Environment+and+Safety+[ Calculate+costs+and+improve+dialogue+with+buyers+[ Concrete+Indian+cases+that+demonstrate+the+business+case!14!0!Other!comments!about!strengths!and!weakness!of!ETI’s!course:![ Very+good+for+awareness+raising+[ High+quality+content+and+very+useful+discussions+[ Too+low+attendance+given+the+quality+and+resources+mobilized+[ Unmet+demand+for+check5lists+and+practical+implementation+tools+to+reach+low+management+and+workers,+where+changes+need+to+happen+[ Training+should+be+conducted+regularly+and+several+times+a+year,+not+just+once+[ Lack+of+follow5up+mechanism;+no+contact+point,+no+opportunity+to+meet+again+and+discuss+progress,+no+mechanism+for+reporting+or+checking+progress+post5course.++!!

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Rasmus Raabo Reinvang
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